Tliaridtr* Oetolcr I, lt6S

Financial Backing A Logical Step

WKose Whew?

Pitt County Comi^joneni would have been Even if they do not, however. Pitt should seek to

remiM in their responsibility to the people of this provide within reason what it can financially to

county had t^ey not committed financial backing help the effort

to the effort to obtain area air service for this part of Carolina^ ,

The question of future air service to Eastern

-Carolina is one of the most important thia sectioii

The forthcoming: investigration by the Civil state faces. The CABs official investisratiqn

Aeronautics Board into the feasibility of regional believe, determine finally whether air ser-

air service for Eastern North Carolina will deter* sought oh a regional basis or on an in

mine for years to come what course is followed by dividual community basis.

communities in this part of the state. Already com- . . oth sides of the^ question should be fully and munities which are opposed to the investigation presented to the CAB investigators, and

have begun putting together a financial war chest will be required to prepare and present the

to present their views before the investigators. information from both sides. Looking to the future. It was pointed out to the Pitt Commissioners * should not shrink from the obligation it has

Monday that legal costs of pursuing the effort participate financially in assuring that the menta

would amount to about $10,000. Other cities and regional air service in Eastern Caro-

counties fighting the investigation have already pledged some $17,000 to finance their side of the presentation.

Several communities and counties have already joined Pitt County and Greenville in pushing for the investigation and it is possible that some of 'them will also contribute financially to the effort.

A Residential Look In A Residential Section

eadershiD J-

Jrell io

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

MODERATE - R was c\1. dent on the eve of the Southern Governors conference that Terry Saxiford of North Carolina was being placed In a position of leadership, as a spokesman tor the moderates of the south.

Sanford wit to the ctmfer-ence at Hollywood.-Fla., reluctant and/vra (tetermined not to ^eak to a way widch woold reflect directly upon the affairs of another state, nor how another governor conducted those affairs.

He said this was a policy of long standing in North Carolina. He aM ether moderate govei^ Bors were trying hard to follow this rule at Hollywood.

Sanford did say that North Carolinas record would speak for itself as evidence that North Carolinians practice their beliefs in law and order.

RECORD - It was North Carolina's record of moderate leadership which placed Sanford in the role of spokesman for Southern mod? "ates almost from the moment he arrived in Florida.

It was a role which at past meetings <rf the Southern Governors has been shared by such men as Leroy Collins of Florida and I^her Hodges of North Carolina and more recently Buford Ellington of Tennessee.

There have been Instances In which me or more <rf the Southern governors have been on a spot because of developro e n t s back home, all arising out of the

If you are one of those people who has com-mented that the proposed new fire station in east Greenville doesnt look much like a fire station, youre in the majority.

It should be. remembered, however, the important thing is not whether the new fire station looks like a fire station, but ^vhether it will do the intended job of providing additional needed fire protection in the city. There can be no question this latter point. It has been recognized for studied to tbe words of a 5* hy fire underwriters who set Greenvilles in-

surance rates, and it w'as recognized by voters of the city who approved funds for its construction some two years ago.

Frankly, we like the idea of a fire station in

Sanforc.

V faeae irf rwstel toiegtiNhop sdjdchs ifew York

spokesman Sanford.

ROLE The moderates among the Souttem Governors plainly did not want to do anything to make tbe situation worse. They wanted to play it down. But the situation in Mississippi was of such proportions that It eoutd not be ignored or even relegated to a minor role.

What was happening in Mississippi overshadowed the entire meeting and dominated anything else that was discussed.

Ellington of Tennessee, from state which experienced school bombings at Cliiton and Nashville, mobs and John Kasper, might have been the chief spokesman.

But Ellington is leaving office in January. So is Vandiver of Georgia and Patterson of Alabama. A moderate has been elected in Georgia, a segregationist. George Wallace, in Alabama, and in Tennessee a veteran .jolitician, Frank Clement, returns to the governor's office.

Sanford, by his records and that of his state, is senior as a spokesman to Albertis Harri son of Virginia. In Florida, Collins successor, Farris Bryant, carried the image of a segrega-tionis* through his election campaign. Kentucky's Bert Combs is a moderate, but Kentucky is regarded as a border state.

Thus the spokesman for the moderates had to be Sanford.

SPE4K ,

a residential section having the outward appearance of a residence rather th a fire stationT

Police

* .V

! Power

resiucnce rainer tnan a lire siaiion. UI/X1DV a nr\

Appearances, after all, change with the time, and HiiNxCx Uv^WAKl/.

if they serve a useful purpose they are worthwhile, yr - T TV

It would be difficult to become accustomed to see- ZA < \/ t

ing yellow fire trucks rather than -ed ones, but if JTjl ID L ..11 . .V, ,01 ICj LUI 1 V

they performed just as efficiently, what difference '

make what color they were? BUIWETARY hetacl? for

fFe fmpoHan't tiling, as we see it, is to expedite work on the new fire station so it can be put to use in the realm of county official!

for the protection of the city. Work on the new <kn.

station has been delayed too long as things stand. WhUe it s always the aim of

the county machinery to antic-

^Elastland Wont Cover All Bases

ill.. e>g>^es Ipr . etch years operation in the form of a comprehensive budget, it seems never to work exactly as planned.

Most major Itmis are anticipated and funds are set aside

lor. tlMse . purpose*. Jfcit are cwnmlssioners meetings which d(mt produce additlcmal and unexpected requests for money.

Public

Jrorum

TO THE EDITOR;

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINTON AP) - Sen. James O, Eastland. Democrat and segregationist from Mississippi, plans something much less than a fD Investigation of the riots at the University of Mississippi.

no state could defy the court and get away \^1th it.

The alternative to silent submission to a Supreme Court decision is appeal to all states through Congress where Southern Democrats, although in a minority, are a powerful force.

But Congress has done noth-

has predominaiea smce the U.S. Supreme Court decisim of 1954.

These have included such men as Orval Faubus, Jotoi Patterson, Undsay Almond and even for a while when the Atlanta Integration qi^stion was boiling, Emert Vandiver of Georgia. Vandiver later moved into the moderate camp.

TOUCHY The man on tbe spot among Southern governors this time Ro&s Barnett of Mississippi was back home at Jackson. Miss., embroiled in the most severe school Integration crisis yet to arise.

There was rioting and bloodshed on tbe campus of the University of Misslsdppi. And aside

oguized another reason to identify Sanford with the leadership of the moderates.

This is Sanford's close relation with the Kennedy administration and his record of supporting the president. One of the first questions Sanford was asked was about tbe popularity of the president in North Carolina.

After the president's address to the natioi m the Mississippi situation, Sanford told reporters I have never been prouder of (xir president.

It was evident too that the Tar Heel governor was choosing his words carefully. At his first press conference at the meeting he referred mostly to

Newsmen . from,.. Hejias jounced the Senate v changeth,tort decl-

Washingttx!. reoiA JtktodtoT Committee, of whicb taionj nn - -n-hivi-T HAkAUhf-avm tinn

OQier Southern states which relations.

have no school tategration with to their borders. Alabama and South Carolina. What happened In Mississippi was handwriting on the wall for die-hard resistance to even token Integration.

It was a touchy situation. The conferences of the Southern governors are useful primarily as Bounding boards for a regicmal viewpoint and for exchange of Ideas and programs for the overall good of tbe South.

In such a setting, with the explosiveness of the Mississippi situation and the traditional conservatism and strong states

He did say that he believes that law and order would prevail in the Mississippi crisis and that it is absolutely essential to abide by the processes of law if we arc to have a constitutional government of law and order. He expressed hope that it w'ould not be necessarj to use federal troops. "I hope that would be a last-ditch choice."

What developed, at least at the outset of the governors conference, was that Sanford was taking a carefully chosen middle course In the crisis that clouded the entire South.

The Daily Reflector

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he is chairman, will look into "ail events" at Ole Miss "since the U. S. marshals and Army troops moved in.

But he already is ccmvinced he knows the cause of the riots. He and Mississippi's Gov. Ross R. ^UTictt blame them on the Kennedy a<taiinistrati(Ki and U. S. marshals.

But a thorough investigation would cover two (Aber questions :

1. Why and how other Southern states have avoided bloodshed by beginning to comply with the Supreme Court order of eight years ago to end segregation in public schools.

2. And what led up to the pie Miss riots which were an

at o' dekrice agsdjst i' tT. S. court order for James H. Meredith, 29-year-oId Negro, to be enrolled at tbe school.

The original defiance came from Barnett who said. "We shall never surrender" and personally blocked the court order by refusing to let Meredith into the school.

Thus the governors defiance was an encouragement to the whole state of Mississippi, including the students at Ole Miss, to resist an order of a U. S. court.

The product of this defiance was rioting deaths, many In-jurie.s and the spectacle of American race-hate which Mis-sLssippians dangled before a shocked world.

Barnetts performance is incredible from any reasonable standpoint.

He could not help but know unless he thought he c I Id bluff President Kennedy into doing nothing that there could only be one result: the President would have to back up the court with force, if necessary.

If Mississippi could defy the government on such a profound social decision as that of the Supreme Court on public school education, then any state at any time could do the same on any other court decisiim.

sian^ on- school diisegTgtcin since it was handed down in 1954.

Thus the kind of investigation Eastland announced would not touch the main issue at aU: why Mississippi took it on itself to defy the government and why it thought it could get away with it. if it did.

Except now for Ole Miss, no school in Mississippi. Alabama or South Carolina has been desegregated after eight years. T!:e enti *abama congressional delegation gave its support to the Mississippians to proceed with its defiance.

After what happened at Ole Miss, Alabama and South Carolina, by this time, probably have iiQjm. tb. the . teshkaton. .they, cant defy the court either.

Opinions In Brief

A prominent chewing gum manufacturer was asked while on a transcontinental flight why he continued to adver-li.se so heavily when his business was already doing so well. For the same reason, he replied, that the pilot of this plane keeps his engines running when we arc already 29,000 feet up in the air! Mattoon (111.) Journal-Gazette.

"It is now legal to stand up and take a drink in Washington, D.C. What a relief for the American public. At least we are now assured our public servants will stand for something. - Indianapolis Star.

Many college students In North Chutea are not in sympathy with Ole Miss and the state "of Mississippi. Contempt of the Supreme Court of the land is a serious affair. Our civilizati(Mi is based on a social ccHitract of majority rule. One cannot say that he will obey one law and disregard those laws not to his liking. We admit that integration is a bitter pill for our Southern people. yWbsl Tbe isstie Is (toa ba^eci to most cases-by stocdre religious beliefs that the blood of the two races should not be mixed. This problem should be dealt with individually and within the social family. No one can ever force manlage between the two races. Of course, many will marry, but again this is an individual choice, not a state or federal issue. We as Southerners might as well face the facts. Segregation is a losing battle and the only thing left to do Is make the best of the situation and give the Negro the chance he so demands.

Many people resent the Negro for knocking hard on the doors of our public schools and universities. We have showm our . .J;brpugb . the Jesnal

courts. Now the radicals of our society are opposing with force. The whites of deep religious beliefs are not in the midst of these rascal riots. It Is those persons who thrive on violence, or "those just along for the thrill," or those who inhale the power of authority and-or those who are seeking political security. We remember such Radicals from the reconstruction period and the intelligent Southerner should think cautiously of men bearing such characteristics.

It appears that the "now heroic governor of Mississippi is secure in his political (career. Yes, it was a brilliant masterpiece. Where Is there to go after the governorship? The next stop Is usually the United States Senate. Governor Ross Barnett timed the situation perfectlyshow the force of state troops (without firearms) long enough to get the support of the Mississippi people but make a quiet exit Just before getting a first-class escort to six mmths in jail. His election is now se

cured.

Let us not forget our brave General (retired) Walker from Texas. Here is the man who was going to fight the Civil War all over again with his mighty army of "TMis-of-Thousands. Was it not this same man who was forced into retirement because of connections with a certain unpopular society? The students of North Carolina colleges are doubly cautious of societies preaching hatred; These anti sxdHto are\^-' numerousr md well flnci in our country. The range of antis go from anti-Jews, anti-Negroes. anti-Christians, to anti-Umted Nations. There is no place in a democracy for extreme right-wing groups and extremists such as Walker.

Russia is having a field day w ith propaganda which the Mississippi officials and others are contributing to them. We. as a nation, cannot afford to be divided internally for we must stand united to face the long struggle ahead. The Soviet Un-i(m now knocks hard on the walls of Western Berlin and occupy Cuba. It is a safe bet that they are not planning to ship fish into the proposed new So-vtet-baoked pert ^ (3uba. ' It should also now be apparent that they will work their way Into South America and up through Mexico to the United States. Yet we stand back fighting among ourselves!

Governor Sanford has expressed our feelings when he agreed that to defy the Supreme Court is a serious offense. We do not condone or condemn integration, but We realize that to insure life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, we must obey all the laws which ac make and have contracted to obey all the laws which we doing this, and uniting our efforts as a whole nation, we yet may have a chance to put down the threat of communist conquest. Therefore, we push back our deep rooted feelings in this matter of integration for the sake of Freedom. In other words, if it becomes necessary, we must be United States citizens first, and Southerners second.

MONDAY. for example,

brought several new requests for small sums. And the com-mlssicmers, seeing merit

in many new requests, are generally obliged to squeeze fnn the well-planned budget the dollars required.

It goes without saying that the business of laying dollars carefully end-to-end and side-by-side to cover the needs of a

county can be tough sledding. It follows, without much explana-tl(xi, that dollars removed for other purposes leave holes in the blanket.

Result is that, as a matter of routine, unexpected askings of money bring forth a menacing group of First Monday woes for

the conantesfamer.

BUT the monotony of drab requests (which the commissioners are supposed to cheerfully consider) is sometimes broken.

This was the case last Monday whenfflone Leigh Vaimeman of Grifton was presenting the case of the Grifton Rescue Squad.

Vanneman explained thoroughly the plans of the rescue organization. 'Then he got around to a brief review of the squads record.

"Weve had everything from pretty bad car wrecks to a hve-foot-long black snake in a ladys bathtub, Vanneman recalled.

mmtostoBiniNrg perked. "

County Attorney Bill Speight wanted to knpw if the lady was still In the bathtub when the gallant rescue boys arrived.

VANNEMAN explained something about he guessed the lady got to the phone pretty fast and was fully dressed by the time his squad came to the rescue.

The GrifUm request went onto the table al(ig with orders for further ccmsideration.

But tile chivalry displayed In rescue of the damsel from the black snake had its effect.

During the afternoon session, the commissiiHiers spent only mommts in handing over a $300 lump to support the rescue squad.

Quote

The man who thinks that trouble will only meet him Dan C, Canady halfway is a poor Judge of 701 Johnston St. distance. The Wall Street Greenville Journal.

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Qtoyright. 1962, King Features Syndicate, Xnc.

J. Ekigar Hoover, director of the FBI, Mice wrote In the Law Enforcement Bulletin. as follows:

Nothing discourages and disheartens law enforcement officers more than tbe knowledge that their efforts in apprehending criminals are too often no more than useless expenditures of time and mwieyuseless because unwarranted leniency to the form of suspended sentences, parole, or probatiwi so frequently makes a mockery of good police woric.

Further, he says: **

Certainly, the principles of parole, probati(xi, and other rehabilitative measures are good, but maladministration can nullify their worthwhile aspects. Conscientious, hard-working parole and probati(i officers, frequently'underpaid and seldom able to dischaige the heavy burdens placed upon them by the archaic clemency systems still existing in some areas, are just not equipped to cope with ever-expanding caseloads. Add-ln|; to their dilemma are soma misinformed and misguided Jurists and an apathetic citizenry who cause and condwie the release of hardened criminals who gloatingly accept societys softness and repay It In the coin of treachery.

But police officers, as judges, muit n<^ violate the law and proper procedures and the limitations which are placed upon them. When the police officers, Investigators for bureaus of the government or even for Congressicmal Committees, exceed their rights and pursue and Mrasis cfIzris,Qprif "te btog able to prove that a crime has bera COTTimitted, they become intol^raible and the only recourse that the citizen can take is to the Courts where a Judge an(l Jury may protect his rights under the Constitutiai. We have existed a free people in time of war and peace, in times of-* good and competent Presidents and in times of wilful and stupid Presidents only because of the Constitution.

Investigators can bedevil a man beyond belief. Without having a case at all, they go to his friends, his banks, his vendors, his business associates, his customers and clients, making inquiries which, in themselves, are Indicative of wrongdoing even though the person is not guilty of a crime. An atmosphere of suspicion is engendered which can destroy his credit and make his acceptabd-Ifor imp(tositoe. Coii)erate- businesses, with which the person Is associated, suffer from his presence which may be constructive and valuable. Even should he eventually be proved guiltless, he will suffere the stigma imposed by the government by its bedeviling investigators. No law warrants such conduct but the citizen often does not discover what is being done until it Is too late.

If the thousands of persons used by the goverflment to check into a citizens ccmduct and finances Were used to protect this country against such a creature as Robert Soblen, we should not need to worry so much about our national welfare. The fact of the matter Is that from the days of J; T*ters to this very day, we have been lax about alien enemies but so harassing about Americans, that those who can, have shipped their capital abroad, principally to Switzerland, to protect It from the ravages of the Income Tax and to protect themselves from harassment.

Cjrovemment bureaus have a way of excusing excessive and improper harassment of citizens by explaining that the instructions came from those in authority, w^hich Is no explanation at all. Since the time w^hen Harlan F. Stone was Attorney General, it was the pride of this nation that J. Edgar Hoover stood like Horatio, one man against all the forces of government, to prevent his FBI from becoming a Federal Police and safeguarding his country from becoming either a police stats or tolerating vigilante movements on the part of citizens.

This alone made J. Edgar Hoover a hero In the eyes of the American people and the FBI has been respected beyond (Continued on Page 6)

The result would not be an American government but an American iungle. Since the people of the nation as a whole organized their government to-prcvent just such anarchy, then

"Not only is moonshine whiskey illegal but it also often borders on the poisonous as a result of conditions under which it is made. Thera is a

Vendina Machine Boom Growina

very real need to eliminate the production, sale and consumption of moonshine and the best point is at the source.Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times.

Strength. For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS ZEAL IN EARNEST

Every project requires a certain amount of zeal in order to, bring it to successful achievement.

Some people are all zeal. Some have zeal which operates under tremendous pressure at first, then gradually dies down and disappears. Flom this group is recruited the largest percentage of failures.

But there is another group which has zeal without knowledge. Theyre "agin something. Or they are very much in favor of something else. Noth-' Ing can be said which will in tbe slightest reduce their zeal either for or agalnst the project they cherish. Dont talk to

me about this matter 've

thought it all through. I know.

Then there are others wljpse

zeal is but a thin covering for sadism and cruelty. Inquisitions of all sorts have been carried on by persons of great zeal. They felt that, some evil must be stamped out. The fact that people had to be killed or tortured made no difference to them. In the field of religicm this inquisition has been especially cruel and stupid. Through the last twenty centuries millions of people have died as the result of such persecution: and before that many, such as Socrates, -perished for their religious be-Uef.

Do not discount zeal as being of no value. Have zeal and have plenty of It. But be sure-that your objectives are real and that your procedure Is morally sound. Do hot have zeal without knowledge or humane feeling.

By ELMER ROESSNER AU this column is about vending machines.

They are taking over Wall Street. Broker, customers* men and stenogs are putting coins in slots and getting out. not shares of stock, but hot meals. ,MerriU Lynch. Pierce, Fenner St Smith, tho streets largest brokerage firm, has opened a fuUy automatic cafeteria to serve 3,(WO employees at its offices at 70 Pine Street. (Some duU day weU write a column showing that most of WaU Street is not Ml WaU Street, and that most of Madison Avenue is on Lexington.)

Continental Vending Machine Corp. Installed 21 automatic vendors in the MerriU A Cetera establishment, service everything from bagels to Swedish meatballs. *1116 machines produce hot lunches three seconds after coins.are dcpositedjind there are no brokerage fees. BOOM IS ON Continental has also instaUed a vending-machine cafeteria In the C^tol M. Loeb-Rhoades brokerage office, operating from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. On days when the market roars. It can stay open untU the last deal is re

corded, to a.m. if necessary.

MeanwhUe, the dry - cleaning vending business is booming. These machines took in $50 mU-Umi last year and are ( tiieir way to taking in $120 million this year. And the coln-<toerat-ed washing machine boom, now more than five years old, is stiU growing strong, as your wife can probably teU you.

Tbe biggest display 'of new -vending machines wiU be made in San Francisco from October IS to 16 when the National Automatic Merchandising Association wiU hold its convention and exhibition.

In 51,000 square feet of show space, the newest hot meal venders, coin-operated photocopy machines, machines that wlU accept paper money wiU be displayed. When enough confidence has been buUt up in these last machines, MerriU it Cetera may be tempted to seU shares of U. S. Steel and Long Island Lighting that way.

.NOT NEW IDEA

Coin-vending machines are not new. The first recorded machine dates back to 219 B.C.: a holy water dispenser Invented by Grecian priest Hero Cstebi-us. When a coin feU on a bal

anced bar, a valve opened releasing a few drops of the water.

In 046 A.D. a Chinese inventor named Ju-chou vended pencils through a long bamboo pole. Inserted coins tripped a latch which aUowed the pencU to faU through for the buj^r.

History also records the use of a coin-operated doU in the Imperial Court of Japanese Emperor Hldyoahis during the second century A. D. But widespread use of vending did not arrive until 1820 when a rectangular 9-by-4 inch box was used to release tobacco automatically, These machines, operated on the honor system, were used for 60 years.

In 1822. vending reached a legal crossroad; EngUsh pubUsher Richard CarUle put a book vending machine into operation which was used to circumvent bans on outlawed reading materials. The courts maintained, however, that although machines djd the selling, those who marketed them were liable under the laws.

al vender, a machine which later was converted by enterprising American tobacco producer James Duke into an automatic dispenser for his wares.

In 1886, Thomas A. Adams of New York evolved the first modern chewing gum, which he sold via Everett vending machines on the elevated platforms of the New York Railroad System. By 1900, penny candy, beer, wines, and other alcoholic beverages were being dispensed by machine in France and books and pamphlets were simUarly vended at German raUway stations. The first automat restaurant also was Introduced! in this era in Berlin.

Almost 60 years later Percl-val Everitt of England introduo ed the first coin-operated post

Before World War I, stamp vending machines and automats came along. ^

The Twenties brought machines for cigarettes, carbMiated soft drinks and f variety of candy and gum machines. Flye-cent candy bars,- ice cream, soups and bottled sodsis came in the I930s. War brought a temporary halt to new developments, but the 1947 Introduction of coffee machines began a new march of product innovations.