September 28, lf2

Concern Over

Cuba Is Increasing

They Just Asked Russia To Pay Past Dues

* verajre citizen ons between the two countries. As Castros com-

leanings became more evident there was

^ ebout Cuba m ite further deterioration in the relationship,

emenrinff role as a Sovi#t mhfarv Knarv 11% 4^1%^ Tifa. -*.11 A 1*

emrging role as a Soviet military base in the Western Hemisphere.

On the surface this increased concern comes as a result of the build-up of the military capability in Cuba by the Soviets. Beneath the surface, it seems to us, another cause of concern is the manner in which the U.S. policy toward Cuba has been bungled several times since Castro came to power.

With it all there were constant adjustments m U.S. policy toward Cuba, for a long while based on the assumptien that Castro would be overthrown from within. Then came the Bay of Pigs invasion, the fiasco which may go down in history as one of the w^orst international blunders in which the U.S. government has had a hand.

The Monroe Doctrine, by standards of other

period they were fighting Cuban DicUtor Batista for power? When Castro overthrew the old regime he was hailed almost as a hero in the United States. For a brief period there were overtures of friendship between the new Castro regime and the U.S government. Then things began to sour.

Confiscation of U.S.-owned property in Cuba, tirades leveled at the United States by Castro an 1 other incidents led finally to breaking off of rela-

Compromise On ! Reorganization

.. ."^ber the sympathetic support Castro and decades, appears to have gradually been reduced his followers had in the United States during the ^ thing of the past. Now the line of demarcation

period they were fivhtino rnhan noftaf n U.S. policy toward Cuba has been drawn at the

point where the military capability in Cuba becomes offensive rather than defensive.

President Kennedy has spelled out this new policy toward Cuba in clear terms. The major question now is how best to implement this policy with the minimum risk of war. It is important that the decision on implementation of the new U.S. policy toward Cuba be madp with the greatest care. But it is also important that it be made as soon us

possibly The longer the delay in implementation, it seems to us, the greater the danger; not so much from Cuba, but rather from the invitation to rash action brought on by indecision.

It

Significant Event In Two Training Courses

There was a quiet but significant event taking place Monday that opened a new phase of education for residents of Pitt County. We refer, of course, to the beginning of the first two courses being offered by the county's industrial education center pn-gram.

One of the courses, in power sewing operation?, IS being offered to prospective employes of Prepshirt,, Inc., a new Pitt County industry that will begin operations here this fall. The other course in blue-print reading for advanced machine trades brought an initial response of 17 enrollees first meeting at Winterville High School.

These two courses are only the beginning of an industrial education program that will be designed to meet the needs of residents of the county. They will also be designed to meet the needs of existing and new industries of Pitt County through providing workers of ^ needed skills.

The two new courses are only a small beginning, but over the years the program of industrial education is destined to play an increasingly im portant role in .the economy of Pitt and the lives of its people.

By WnXlAM A. SHIRES COURSE A compnnnise course may be charted in attempts to resolve quickly a controversy about proposed re-orgaxzaon o the State Board 0 Higher Educatloi There are several possibilities for compromise. No definite de-cisicm has been reached, hiit the Idn o finding an area of mutual agreemrat is being given careful study in the governors oifice.

The dispute, as reported earlier, is centered primarily about A majority report of the Governors COTnmlssion on Education Beyond the High School rec-CHiimending placing seven laymen and four college presidents cm the Board of Higher Education. A minority report was

tit.

COMPROMISE The seeds .of compromise are there, and state officials are confident that agreement can be reached.

Governor Sanford thus far has withheld cwnment on the overall report and plans to get the views and thinking of a laige number of people before framing any definite recommendations.

One possibility for compromise on the i^ue of college presidents serving on the board is expandhig the membership to about 15 and retain the four presidents. At present, the board consists of nine laymen appointed by the governor from the state at large for eight-year overlapping terms subject to confirmation by the General Assembly. The ma-

*

Rv HENRY HOWARD

S Monday Morning QBs

ir- 3-i.y TeW su\.rt

this on grounds that it would subject the board to political pressures, to pulling and tugging In favor of a particular wsgion or of a particular institution and would hamper objec tivity Ml a statewide basis.

BOARD The charge has been made that it would weigh the board of higher education in favor (rf the college presidents one of whom wcmld be a permanent member and the only imuuient member - the president of the Consolidated University of North Carolina.

The board is the body which would chart the future of public higher education in North Carolina, assigning functiems and rtrfcs to various institutions of higher learning.

,Thcre was little at no dispute about this among members of the Governors Commission. It was generally accepted as essential.

OPPOSE The State Board of Higher Education was created in 1955 by act of the legislature. recognizing a need for t|^h a body to plan and coordinate the overall program of higher educatt(H) in the state.

There Is and has been op-positlMi to such an all-powerful board and attempts have been made to restrict its authority and the scope of its function.

It was primarily to study this question that the Governors Commission on Education Beyond the High School was created. Its lengthy and detailed report is one of the first <rf many such studies completed and submitted, on which the administration now will base its recommendations to the 1963 1^-Islature.

There Is concern, however, that if a full-fledged CMitrover-sy should break loose in the legislature there are opponents who might seize upon it as an opportunity to undermine and wreck the board and its a-cept.

This, of course, was not the purpn5ie of the minority group, nor is its dissent intended to stir up controversy of such ex-

.ji, ..

expanding the board to 11 members.

COUNCIL Another idea is that of having the college presidents sene merely as an advisory council to the board (rf higher education. The chief objection to this is the majority finding that college presidents are needed. The majority report says we believe it (addition of college presidents) essential to obtaining the kind of board the State needs.

It goes further to say that the presence of college presidents on the board would improve communications between those responsible for the coor^ation and, tlMisc responsible for the administration of higher education, unite the members and the institutions and commit them to the implementation of programs of statewide planning for higher education which they have participated in formulating.

There are many cffktlals and education leaders who contend that the state board of higher education cannot function effectively within the scope planned for it without college presidents.

SCOPE What is this scope and function? There are five major points in the report of the Governors Cmnmission as follows:

1. Emphasis mi the planning and coordinating functions of the board.

2. To review Institutional budget requests and make recommendations as to compatability of the bu(teet requests with the assigned functions of the respective institutions,

3. To broaden the function of the board as adviser to the governor and Advisory Budget Commission and the General Assembly Ml all matters of higher education.

4. To CMisider the need to promote new teaching techni-que.s designed to increase utilization of instructior.al facilities and personnel.

5. To license private degree-granting institutions.

Jrrustration lo Bring On Crisis

Bring us two coffees . . . Yeah, one black, one all the way . . . WeU be over here in the comer,

(Mr. Bill and Jack saunter by the drug store counter and take their usual seats for the early-morning ritual.)

I'll tell you one thing, Jack. Ihey shoulda never tried that. 'Things would sure be different.

(Annie Lou brings the coffee. Both men grab handles . . then purse lips carefully over first scalding tastes.)

Yeah, it was a gamble ail right, But, Mr. Bill, you know how them Heels is alout ties.

(The elder ha-rumphs his throat, sips more from the steaming mug and comes up with a loud, whispery aa-aa-

a-a-a.)

Ties aint so good. But, as far as Im concerned, boy, its a heckuva site bettern gettin licked.

Now heres what woulda fixed the whole deal . . . And there wouldnt-a been no deciding about any one- or two-point play. Remember when We had the ball on their 38 with third and six? , Right theres where we Woulda sprung that pass play I been tellin you about.

(Again, the slurping noise followed by hesitant but sta-catto gulp-gulps.)

Mr. Bill, I know about that, but you or me or Jim or nobody else has even seen that one tried. Nobody aint at all sure it would even work. And

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7

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) - Just because Premier Khrushchev is a frustrated man, Berlin may become an American crisis before years end.

That city is high In the consciousness of the Kennedy administration. particularly Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, who recently warned that the next few months may be dangerous ones.

I would say that the crisis today in terms of raiUtary requirements and potential miU-tary operations is more severe than at any time since the actual combat operations of the Korean War, McNamara said.

Khrushchevs frustratI(Mi comes from four years of demanding a peace settlement with Communist East Germany Berlin Ues 110 miles inside it and fcHir years al being stiff-armed by the West.

Twice in that time Khrushchev set a six-months deadline for a settlement and' twice abandoned it. But he has never abandoned his basic demand.

And, because he hasnt, theres a limit to how l(mg he can go through this performance without looking like a straw man instead of the strong man he talks of being.

Earlier this month the Russians hinted they would accept still a further postponement untU after the American elections In November,

The reason, they suggested, was that the United States would be too occupied with Its domestic problem until then to negotiate.

The kind of settlement Khrushchev had in mind would require :

1. Acknowledgment by the Western AUies of the legitimacy of the East German Communist regime, a Russian puppet.

2. Agreement that henceforth the East Germans would control the access routes land and air - by which the West send men and suppUcs into Berlin.

Thats the part of the Khru-shchevian iceberg showing above the surface.

Equally deadly underwater was this:

1. Por the West to acknowledge that the East German

Communists were the legitimate rulers of East CSfermany would mean, for the West, abandoning the idea West and East Germany might some day be unified.

The idea that they could be united is strictly a Western political myth anyway. It may please this countrys West German allies to think the now divided Germany may be pulled together again. But Its only realistic to understand that, since the Communists hold East Germany, they never are going to surrender It or take a chance on losing it.

2. Khrushchev and the East Germans w'ant the Allies out of Berlin and, by turning full control of the access routes over to the East Germans, one more step would be taken along the road to shutting off Berlin from the West.

This could be done to avoid war over a period of time. Or, at least, the attempt woiild be made.

The West doesnt want to give up the myth of a united Germany and it reacts against any move such as letting the East Germans control the Berlin access routes which might w'eaken its position in Berlin.

There the two sides stand with a settlement no nearer now than it was four years ago or at any other time since World War n.

Khrushchev has to consider his relations with the East German Communists. They want recognition. He has promised it to them. He hasnt deUvered. The more time passes, the more the pressure on him to deliver.

So he says if the West wont make a settlement with East Germany, he wUl sign a peace treaty with It. turning over control of the access routes to East Germany.

But here again there is some frustration for him. If he turned over the access routes and the East Germans tried to shut out the West from Berlin, it might mean war.

But neither Khrushchev nor the rest of the Russians can want war over the German city. Theyvp had enough grief from Germany for generations.

Therefore, if he signed a peace treaty with the East Germans.

(Continued on Page 9)

Oih?r Editors Saying... No New Taxes Plannee

(Hendersim Dispatch)

Governor Sanford last week told a group of newspaper editors in Ralelgh that the new biennial budget being prepared for submission to the coniing General Assembly will not necessitate any new taxes. He reasoned that with available surplus, plus revenues deriving from increased activity of the overall State economy, sufficient funds would be available to meet comtemplated public services.

State departments, agencies and the educational group are now in the process of presenting their requests to the Advisory Budget Commission. We have not seen a tabulation of the total increases being sought, but they are fantastic and up in the high millions of dollars. These will probably not all be granted. 'They must run the gauntlet of the budget body, the Governor and the Legislature.

It is always possible, of course, for the lawmakers to run beyond budget recommendations. and in some instances they do. Hearings wl be held by the money committees after the session begins, and these same departments and agencies will be back then to press their claims further.

Under the present tax structure, revenues wUl certainly not be sufficient to meet all the demands being presented. This means that something must give somewhere along the line. Some sharp curtailment is inevitable if the budget is to be balanced without tax increases. The money just isn't there to meet all these requests, and those presenting them know, of

course, that it isnt. They offer their claims and trust to luck that they can get as much of the money as possible.

In addition to the huge sums qiade available to them two

'specially at a time like that. Aint no fool gone puD off something crazy I

(Coffees cooler now and Mr. Bill interrupts a leisurely draft from the mug, almost sputter* ing . . .)

Crazy? Boy, you ever played the game? You even know what its Uke out there? This play I got cant miss. Didn t you hear me teU Jim about it up there? Did you see him smile? He knew what I was talking about.

(Now Jack turns bottoms-up, calls to Annie Lou for his first refill . . . then eyes Mr. Bill suspiciously.)

Wellsir, I wont argue that no farther. The point is what happened on that extra point try. It sure looked to me like us trjdng for two was okay. But that was sure the wrong play to try and get it with... I thought.

(Annie Lou shows up Just as Mr. PUl drains his dregs and she whisks both mugs away for another dose.)

Well, boy, you know Jlmx gotta play the percentages. He did about all he coulda done once hed made up his mind to go for two. Now thats

the United Forces for Education is asking S51.2 million in the next biennium. This, together with State-supported colleges, the hospitals and other groups runs into astronomical figures.

A recent statement showed that faculties of the State institutions of higher learning are well abreast of other colleges and universities in the South. It indicated the University, Duke University and the University of Virginia have the highest schedules in this part of the country. Pay increases are sought also for public school faculties, despite the fact that in the last three sessions of the Legislature their halarles W'ere increased an aggregate of thirty percent.

We would be among the last to deny any one a pay increase if those who must foot the bill can afford it. It seems to us the State Is doing very well with its public services. It would be fine if it could do more, and still do justice to taxpayers. They are due some consideration as well as those who are on the receiving end of the line.

The Governors assurance that no new taxes are neces- / sary to support the budget that is now being whipped into shape is encouraging. But It Is not infaUible. The Legislature, however, will do weU to keep in mind the burdens that would have to be assumed by those who pay the biD.

years ago by the Legislature. wrong. Thatx

zi.. ^ ^ .. exactly what them red-shlrts

wanted him to do and they was ready for it.

(More coffee arrives, Mr. Bill and Jack lapse momeitarily into planning an attack to minimize the scalding . . . and nobody in the place doubts its footbaU season again . . .

The Monday Morning .liar-terbacks are midfield.)

Opinions Brief

m

The international importance of science was brought home to the ordinary citizen during the famous International GOitiystcal Year ... The IGY was no one-shqt .extravaganza, however. A number Of other international years are underway or scheduled . . . This pooperation has come about not merely because Of the Obvious fact that it is physically one world. It is also because scientific knowledge has become so vast and complicated and all-embracing that no one nation has enough brains or wealth to go it alone. There cn be no nationalism or isolationism in science. Pamona (CaUf.) Progress-Bulletin.

imit

As To Choice

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1969, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

I am constantly receiving ccHTespondMice from readers who say it is absurd that the alternatives are war with Soviet Ruaaia or a negotiated peace. Perhaps they are correct. Certainly, I should prefer to be wrong. But I have never yet come across another alternative except^ obter dicta that when the United States la strong, Soviet Rusaia backs down. I do not know at one such Instance. It has happened that Soviet Russia has taken one step backward to wait to take two steps forward. I do know that Soviet Russia has, (m occasion, set up two fronts such as the one that caused the Berlin Airlift and the conquest of Nationalist China. WhUe we were engaged in one of these, with strength, the Russians took possession of the other.

Similarly, at the present time, Soviet Russia cHTerates (m three active frcxits: 1. Berlin;

2. Cuba; 3. Economic penetration. Which shall be tackled or shall we tackle aU three dmul-taneously? Can we do it without war?

I received a churning letter frran Mrs. Beatrice Beck Fahnestock of Washingt<m in vsldch she' says:

^ You have written twice that our only choice Is War or a negotiated peace. This I do not believe. Whenever in the past we have hem firm the T7.S.S.R. has backed down. I do not be-Ueve they want war nd I believe we could have tom down the Berlin wall and takra over Castro Cuba and they would have done niching. If, at any time, like Hitler, they are ready and want war, no amount of appeasement or deals will stop them.

I should like to believe everything that Mrs. Fahnestock believes, but while an assumption may be based on emo-tlMi, a plan of natkmal defense must be based on knowledge. I am sure that neither I nor Mrs. Falmestock nor the Secretary of State nor the President knows what Khrushchevs attitude is. It is impossible to gauge his attitude because he is not accountable to an In-ses-sl(m Congress or to public opinion. He can take off a shoe and bang a desk and survive; he . can Insult the President of the United States and survive; he can punish those who promoted him and survive.

It is not the man as much as their system. It is not that he has nine Uves; It is that the dictatorial system gives him a political advantage which he holds until he dies a natural or unnatural death. He has time not only to plan but to execute his plan or even to reverse himself. We would regard such a reversal as weakness: the Russians regard it as clever.

The gamble must be based (Ml some knowledge. We know , a good deal about his manufacturing abiUty and potential;

I assume that we have adequate knowledge of his arms and e<iuipment. We can measure the general lines of his diplomacy and we are aware of his econcMnic penetraticxi.

But we do not and cannot know of the schem that are nurtured In the mind of one person of unlimited power.*

Mrs. Fahnestock says that we could have tom down the Berlin Wall of Shame. That Is an opinicHi. There is no evidence that such an act would not have produced war. In fact, it could be that the WaU of Shame was erected to provece war. I have seen the Russians do stunts like that during revolutionary fighting. I refer Mrs. Fahnestock to the Father Gapon incident as an example. Tearing down the Wall might be like the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

As for Castro, the time to have stopped Castro was in 1958 when flve United States Ambassadors had provided our government with information ctmcemlng the bewhlskered beast. Today it must be done by war or by counter-revolution which is war.

It is not a questlOT of appeasement any longer. That time has passed too. I believe that it W1 be war. But history Is replete with incidents when war seemed inevitable and a long peace prevailed after negotiation. An example is the prospect of war between Alexander I of Russia and post-Napoleonlc Prance. The Congress of Vienna settled that and there was no (Continued on Page 5)

'Bifurcation' Trend Rushes On

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS DIVINE NATURE OF LliE

In his epistle to the Colos-sians (2:9-10) Paul assures his hearers that in Christ dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily.

What does he mean by this? He means that Jesus Christ has In him aD that wisdom, light, power, and love necessary to make our lives a successful pil-gilmage. For be sure that God intends our lives to start somewhere and get somewhere. We are not supposed to go wandering about aimlessly aU over the place. Like Christian, in PU-grims Progress, we see perhaps only a faint light, but this we do see and press toward it, confident tliat when we reach It our vision will be enlarged.

There are undoubtedly aspects

in the nature of God which we do not have the capacity to understand. Many divine attributes are beyond our comprehension. We can indicate that they exist, but we cannot understand their true nature.

But Jesus Christ, a man bora into the stream of human history. living life as we know it, dying at last and rising in majesty from death by his resurrection this we can understand. We cannot, of course, understand it fully. But we find in Jesus Christ everything our spiritual natures need for their fulfillment. The Godhead (that is, the Uvlng reality of God) dwell" in Jesus Christ fully. And Christ as we know him is our only hope for life's fulfllment and its continuance ipto ctcral-ty.

By EIJVIER ROESSNER About 10 years ago I predicted that eventually there would be a completely bifurcated economy in the United States: that there would be two banking chains, two auto manufacturers, two airlines, two railroad systems, two supermarket chains and two brands of beer.

It was a gay column, intended more as a jolly warning against a possibly suffocating trend.

The warning was in vain. Despite all the Federal Trade Commission and Attorney General Kennedy could do, bifurcation proceeds.

The number of banks have shrunk, auto manufacture has become more concentrated, several alrUnes have merged, railroads have united, and supermarket chains are welding and son there may be only two kinds of stamps: plaid, yellow and purple, and green, red and silver.

BPEIVERIES WEDDING The prediction made most lightly, that,.some day there

would be only two brands of beer, seems to be rushing upon us with dismaying speed.

I recalled that once every valley had its own brewery, and each brewery had its distinctive brew. But the small breweries were closing up before the expansion waves of the big brewers.

So far this month, four more brewing companies began to disappear from the American scene.

Drewerys, Ltd., U.8A., bought Piel Bros., Inc., of Brooklyn; Pfeiffer Brewing Co. took over the E. & B, Brewing Co., both Detroit: Canadian Breweries. Ltd.. moved to acquire the remaining stock of Western Canadian Breweries, Ltd.. and the Rochester Standard Brewing Co. bought the Haberle Congress Brewing Co.. Syracuse. N. Y. NUMBERS SHRINK There were 725 brewing companies In 1934, about 440 In 1949, and about 225 today. To repeat the old prediction, eventually there will be two. Each one will turn out a light beer.

an ale and a stout. Laws permitting, one chain will give red trading stamps and the other blue. And aU beers wlU be watery slush because there wlU be no reason to do better.

But this dismal prospect will not hurt Investors. In fact, the number of beer drinkers is growing, and hence beer sales will Increase. The rise in beer drinking Is, curiously, one of the factors responsible for the decline in small brewing companies.

Youngsters coming into the market have no taste experience. They buy the beers that are advertised heaviest. Those beers increase sales, accumulating profits and bank credits, and become able to buy out small, nooadvertlsing breweries.

And eventually, all beers wUl be sold under two names. And they W1 all taste alike, whether ale or lager, and only a few of us oldtimers wUl remember when the water and the sunshine of a special Uttle valley gave an unforgettable, beery tang to the brew sold along

the roads there.

government BOOK DESCRIBES ALL U. S. POStAGE STAMPS Recommended: As a gift for young stamp collectors, there is the governments new Postage Stamps of the United States, 1847-1961. It describes all U.S. Postae stamps between those dates and Is larded with interesting information (jn American issues. For copies, send $1.25 to the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C.

GROUND BROKEN FOR MORE NEW HOMES Housing starts In August rose 5 percent above July and 15 pereent above August. 1961, the Census Bureau reports. This was an unexpected rise In an area In which a decline had been expected.

Starts In August mean employment for woikers and sales of supplies for the rest of the year. August starts may mean 1,500,000 new dwell tngg