IteidAy, September 17, 1962

Sotting Pattern For The Future

^ express their official opinion of the peace authorized under the constitution as

4% ^ I November on the court reform con- it now stands, the number would be limited and * amendment, they will in a large measure only qualified persons would be permitted to fill

set the pattern of lower courts in the state for tJie the posts of magistrates. They would be salaried next decade, and perhaps for the next generation employes of the court system rather than operating If the constitutional amendment is approved on the fee basis as they presently do. and* the proposed court reform measures thereby There is a great lack of uniformity in tho

enacted, North Carolina will see sw^eeping changes administration of justice at the lower court levels for the betterin its system of lower courts. If the in North Carolina today. Particularly in the jaype amendment is defeated, the states present conglom- system as w-e know it, there are many totally un-eration of low-er courts w^l be perpetuated in their qualified persons sitting on the bench and detei-hodgepo-dge that year by year has grown more mining the guilt or innocence of their fellow citizens, confusing. By voting in favor of the constitutional amend-

Primarily, the proposed constitutional amend- ment on court reform, the citizens of North Caro-ment provides for a uniform s.vstem of lower courts Hna will be taking a major step tow'ard providing in North Carolina to gradually replace the dis- a uniform aystem of lower courts and rooting out orderly array of lower courts that exist today. Bv a large portion of the confusion and incompetence Icwer courts is meant the counts below Superior ^vhich exists in our lower courts today.

Court level ... the recorders courts of counties. The November election is almost two monti c ties and towns, and the jaypee courts that are away, but it is not too early for citizens of the stat-scattered throughout every community. io begin giving consideration to this important issu-

Under the court reform program the variety they will be asked to resolve on November 6. of recorders courts would be replaced by a uniform, state-wnde system of district courts of which there |*

would be one or more in each county. These courts lliCUllr VvDDOrTllIllTIAR w ould take over the work now handled by the r r

variety of recorders courts and would provide a 1'^ T XT *11

uniform s.vstem in the place of the maze of record- X O JLj0CUril iN ijJKlilS

ers and mayors courts that now' abound in the

Although construction work has not yet begun The reform program would likewise do away on Pitts new industrial education center, officials vith the jaypee system as it is now' constituted. In responsible for the industrial education program he place of an almost limitless number of justices have wisely decided to begin the training programs

for the benefit of local citizens.

Hertfords Sons

Some Days YJust Cant Win!

THEV CRITICIZE ME MO MY FAMIty FOR APPEARING AT THE BEACH IN SCANTY ATTIRE-

V.

the

In High

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

HASTY A recent dispatch on the swearing-in of new State Rep. Roberts Jemlgan of Abosk-le referred to Hertford Countys managing to have its sons in high and strategic places in Raleigh.

There were six sUde officials, legislators or former legislators from Hertford at the ceremonies for Jemigan, the first (rfflcial to take the oath of office in North Carolinas still - unfurnished legislative statehouse. But Wanket designation of all of the six hailing from Hertford may have been hasty.

They were, in fact, elected

Places

two big rivers were bridged. The difficulty of Perry travel kept the Roanoke-Qiowan largely provincial.

Ahoskle was at the geographic center and the town became commercial, eccMiomic and political hub. It has grown rapidly. and natives or not Hertford manages to wield considerable influence.

SURPLUS Sanford admin-lstrati(Hi officials, starting with the governor himself, are warm-

.McXiIoght ^

Key to the initial success for this new undertaking is now the response which local citizens make to the courses being offered,

With the training program getting underway early next month, the scope of courses offered is of necessity limited. From the nine evening classes

which will be offered when the first registratio-i Bv GEORGE SOKOLSKY !s held early in October, there will be training opportunities that should be of interest to a considerable number of Pitt citizens. A further consideration is the fact that for the time being the courses will be located at different places in the county where adequate facilities are available. This may prove an inportant advantage to some citizens

in various parts of Pitt who are interested in avaii- theTaTeX'^r^ oi ing themselves to this training opportunity.* Congress, it was a paragraph

It will take time for the program of the new address, served

irdijstrial education center to be firmly established pt^by

Ing UP to the task'of derend- this countv. Certainly it cannot be expected to all nations. We were a young ing the 1961 food tax. reach its full potential for some time after the nation in 1823 and

There is no indication of the center itself is actually completed. country,

possibility Of mpeal in the ,90 By beginning the training program in a limited lo^hls

The Monroe Doctrine

Copyright. 1962, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

The Monroe Doctrine was nel-

. ------- legislature and the defense 4? n u ~ j 'T*' ........... maunci. nic x'.ufiisituis

. from Hertford County but only thus far has been in the role \ . however, education officials are pro- on September 4, 1821 issued an

\two actually were born there, of answering RepubUcan critl- viding citizens with earlier opportunities to learn extending the

_ NATIVES C. Gordon Mad- cism. Sanford bluntLv accu.sed npw skilla fhan __rrr. boundaries of the Russian

drey and Judge J. William Republican legislators with two fh f f* ? 4I possible. claims along the Pacific coa5

Copeland, both former state exceptions, of fighting educa- Citizens of the count.v will respond ^ 51st parallel, which in

legislators and prominent in tion in opposing the tax in favorably when registration for the first classes is Oregon terri

state government affairs, are iflfii Vicld nn q q " ^ry. Surrounding waters wen

state government affairs, are hatlves of Northampttm County.

Secretary of State Thad Eure has many connections with Hertford. but principally it is because he practiced law and lived at Wlnton, the Hertford County seat. He was bom across the Chowan River in Gates County.

State Highway chairman Merrill is listed as being from Ahoskle. but he was bora in Currituck Qwnty.

Former State Rep. Roger Jackson Jr., assistant to the chaliman of the Highway Com-m^iHi, came to Raleigh from RferilbM Cdffity hut be was born in Pnmiuin Couniy near Xouisburg.

Thus Jemigan and former State Rep. Harry Underwood were the only two real, honest-to-goodness Hertford men there.

HISTORY There is a bit of Interesting histors attached to the Hertford County story, too.

It centers around the town of Ah(kle, a relatively net^own so far as Eastern North Caio-towns are concerned. Ahoskle. at the turn of the century, was nothing more than a crossroads and ral siding.

It became, however, the gravitational center of the Roanoke - Chowan region in the northeastern part of the state, the area roughly embracing four counties Gates, Northampton, Bertie and Hertford.

Parts or all of these four counties, lying between the Roanoke and Chowan rivers, were among the most isolated sections of North Carolina until the

1961.

The governor also charged that such attacks on the food t^ pn^ram based on the anticipated $17 to $25 million surplus or credit balance are invalid.

Without the tax, which he calls a school tax, Sanford said It is clear that the state would be in difficult financial straits, with a deficit of $10 to $15 million and that the 1963 General Assembly would face a staggering problem.

It would be necessary, he said, to cut back (wi services all down the line.

BALANCE Every state tKKfe^ ffiader tf ISecutv get Act. Sanford said, has been built with a credit balance carried over from a previous biennium and this, he said, has given the state a reputation for fiscal integrity.

At present, with the school tax, he said, the state is in excellent financial condition. Without the tax. he said, there would be a terrible deficit. Without savings achieved, he said, the percentage of funds collected over legislative psti-mates is the lowest it has been in many years lower, in fact, than at any year in recent state history except one.

On this ground, he defended the practice of conservative estimating of revenues in prenar-ing the biennial budget. Such consenatism. he said, has enabled North Carolina to operate in the black and ^ith a credit balance on which t?f build the budget adhere to pay-as-you-go financing.

held on October 8 and 9.

3ig Influence

tory. Surrounding waters were closed to other countries. John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State, rejected Russian claims, saying;

. . . that we should contest the right of Russia to any territorial establishment on this continent, and that we should assume distinctly the principle that the American continehts

are no longer subjects for any new European colonial establishments.

This became the central point of the Mcmroe Doctrine. The Russians backed down. Great Britain was at that time deeply concerned over the possible extension of Spanish and French developments on the American continent. George Canning, British Foreign Minister, was playing power politics against Spain and France and therefore supported the Americui policy. Canning wanted some joint Anglo-American acti(Hi.

Whereas Jefferson and Madison favored suoh cooperation, John Quincy Adams opposed It, regarding it as essential for the firm establishment of the American nation that we go it alone. He said;

*Tt would be more candid, as well as more dignified, to avow our principles explicitly to Russia and France, than to come In as ^a cock-boat in the wake of the British man-of-war.

On Our Business

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some that are not small, ^ ^ y ,

Celebrities &

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By RALPH ROBEY

Business investment in plant and equipment may appear to be of no particular concern to all of us as individuals. That is far from the truth. It is through irf

can industry develops new products, keeps competitive, reduces prices, and gives innumerable jobs to both men and women. Further, the amount involved is enormous, and it has a great influence cm the business trend.

Official data on this item are collected quarterly by the Department 0 Commerce and the Securities and Exchange Commission. This is done ^by-means of a questionnaire asking a representative sample of our busi-iness organizations for their plans for a designated period ahead. Such a survey was made in August, and the results were released a few days ago.

The figures are presented on a seasonally adjusted annual rate. It is possible, therefore, to compare one quarter with another without fear of distortion. When such a comparison is made one finds no basis for optimism. The predicted aggregate Investment reveals no change from that in the survey made last May. For the third quarter, on an annual basis, the total is $37.75 billion. This is an Increase of three-quarters of a billion dollars over the second quarter, which is quite small. The estimate for the final three months of the year is $38 billion.

This is discouraging because It is only $250 million abm 0 level in the third quarter of 1057. .Since that time, gross national product has increased by well over $100 billion.

VVhv is investment in plant and equipment so sluggish?

It Ls not. over-all. a lack of funds. The ca.sh-flow, which includes depreciation allowauces and retained eam'ngsr has been growing p etty much vear bv

year. _ ______________

and some that are not small, may have a shortage of funds, but for. the economic system as a whole this is not true.

In some instances, and even 1b am'^

present unused capacity tends to hold down new investment. This is merely a matter of recognizing that If one cannot sell all he can produce with the present plant, it does not make sense to increase capacity still further unless by so doing the cost of production can be reduced.

But there is one factor which affects all business. This is the outlook for profits. This varies, of course, from one company to another, but for the economic system as a whole we are in a profit squeeze, and this has a direct influence upon the willingness of management to make new investments.

Various elements are contributing to this profit squeeze. Wages keep going up and up, and in many cases the increases are not offset by an improvement in output per man-hour. This means an increase in production costs.

Competition is extremely severe, both from other producers in this nation and from abroad. It is impossible, therefore, to regain the higher costs by lifting prices. Further, the public is fed up with rising prices, and if one producer moves out of line on the higher side he finds that he has lost customers.

Taxes are a formidable factor. In all except the small corporations. the government takes 52 percent of all net profits. In deciding whether to make a new investment, management of any comnanjy _must double whai it con.siders would be a normal, or reasonable, profit *before it can go ahead.

Finally, finding ways to reduce prodrction expen.ses are getting more and more difficult

(Continued on Paee 5>

xe

aw

The dove is hardly a symbol of peace in the aftermath of a raid by federal agents who descended on an Illegally baited field at Camp Bryan, near New Bern, and included in their bag a major celebrity in the person of House Minority Leader Charlie Halleck.

at!^? tm

der the law extends Into the enforcement area.

We are long-time believers In protection of our wildlife, with a special interest, for that matter, in birds. But what is meant by baiting in the sense that it was being done at Camp Bryan and who knows how many other places in North Carolina?

Governor Sanford has had ______ __________________________

words of sympathy for Repre- While we recognize that Ignor-resentative Halleck, a reminder aitce of the law Is not an ac-of what happened to a group of ceptable defense, it does seem d "tnguished Fayetteville citi- to us that friends, visitors, not-zens and guests not so long ago ed personages invited ip from, and an affirmation of his own say, Washington or other states.

caution when hunting. Members of the Tar Heel congressional delegation have also come to the defense of their colleague across the aisle.

Equality under the laW is fundamental. Representative Halleck should be treated as anybody else is, and the mere fact that influential persons have come to his defense should make no difference. There are many

should be more lightly dealt with than their hosts of camp operators and owners. Representative Halleck sas^s he knew nothing of the law, which he is charged with violating, that he bought a hunting license In good faith and that he trusted himself to Tar Heel friends and guides. ,

The law will doubtless have to run its c(Hirse In the present In-

folks, however, who will won- stance. But, in the name of jus-der whether political overtones tice and inherent fairness, a look and factors entered into this might be taken Into uniformity particular Camp Bryan raid. of enforcement and the advis-Have there been other raids ability of confining the crack-at Camp Bryan? Did somebody ing down to anyone who know-give the tip-off because well - ingly leads hunters into a known political figures, G.O.P. "baited field, at that, were in the hunting par- About the only thing House ty? Has there generally or at Minority Leader Halleck can be other times been dove shoot- thankful for is tht the other ing over similarly baited member of hLs two-man congres-lields? The federal law is there slonal team wasnt along with but has it been unifoimly en- him at Camp Bryan.

In his annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823, President Monroe included a paragraph which contained these four points:

1. The American ccmtinents were no l(mger to be considered as subjects for future colonization by European powers; 2. there existed In the Americas a political system essentially different and separate In>m that of Europe; 3. the United States would consider dangerous to its peace and safety any attempt on the part of European powers to extend their system to the Western Hemisphere; 4. the United States wcRild not interfere with existing colonies or dependencies of European powers in the New World.

The Monroe Doctrine had no standing in International law until the Act of Havana (1940) but it was as binding as the Ten Commandments. It had no sanction, to repeat, of treaty or act of Congress or acceptance by an intematicmal congress, but no country questioned its authority.

Although the British played a leading role in the acceptance of the Monroe Doctrine, in 3893, they challenged It in the Venezuelan Boundary Dispute. The United States opposed the British on the basis of the

Cleveland said:

. . .be the duty of the United Stats to resist by every means in its power, as a willful aggression upon its rights and interests, the appropriation by Great Britain of any lands or the exercise of governmental jurisdiction over any territory which after Investigation we have determined of right belongs to Venezuela.

In 1899, at the First Hague Convention, the United States made a reservation concerning arbitration that no questicm arising under the Monroe Do(> trine was subject to arbitration. Import In the preservation of the Monroe D(x;trine as basic In American policy Is the Lodge Corollary (August 2, 1912). Senator Henry Cabot Lodge opposed all the efforts toward arbitration unless the Monroe Doctrine were excluded. A Japanese firm sought to purchase a large property In Lower California. Lodge, then the most powerful man In the Senate, declared that the United States would view with alarm;

The possession of strategically Important areas by any corporation or association which has such a relation to another Goveranjent, not American, as to Rive that Government practical power of control for national purposes.

(Continued on Page i)

Threat

10 u.b.

Unions

f By ROGER BAB50N

BABSON PARK. Mass.. - A ^ry aertous threat to . S. la-^ and Its union leaders is the European Economic Community 0^ 'OommoQ Mailcet * Thla Federation of six European countries has a population nearly equal to that of the United States. The pecHole within the area are Intelligent and Industrious. In existence only four years, the Common Market has shown tremendous Industrial gains; its Industrial growth rate in fact, is triple that of our own country. The primary aim of the Common Mailtet is to eliminate l(mg-standlng obstructions to frw trade, to give free enterprise every encouragement to operate. The Common Market now has a tremendous production potential wherein a combination of lower taxes and labor costs, liberal anU-tnist laws, end friendly government permit the output of hlgh-grad* manufactured goods which can be sold in the United States at prices lower than for similar-quality U. S.-made goods.

Renee, labor leaders here at iMune who advocate that members strike for higher xvages merely Increase the sale of Common Market merchandise In the United States. They thus compound their members unemployment problem. Tlios* who ask the government to make woric simply assure for themselves higher taxes and higher costs for the domestic product-and again boost the sale (rf imports. And yet, no labor leader hoping to keep his Job is going to ask his members to accept lower wi^es!

CRACKDOWN BY OUR GOVERNMENT?

The President, through his Council of Economic Advisors, indicated early in the year his wishes with regard to wage rates. It was Implied that a 3 percent rise in wage benefits each year would be ctmsldered non-lnflatl.nary wage behavior. The theory is that productivity has increased an average of 3 percent annually over the past 50 yeara and therefore this should provide a reliable guide-post for the rewards that labor Is entitled to in the future. Inasmuch as no labor leader of today could hope to hold his job (XI that basis, it came as no surprise that the Presidents advice was repeatedly Ignored.

Less than six months ago ths steel Industry deliberately controverted the Adminlstrati(ms wishes and raised steel prices 3 percent. The Presidents immediate reacti(m left no doubt as to his displeasure, nor as to the manner In which he planned to punish the Industry. Subsequent repercussl(Mis extended far beyond the steel Industry, Into the stock market,and even upset the natlcxial economy. Using the steel fias(X) as a warning, labor leaders now seem intent on daring the President to cnwJk down on them, despite *15 liF toeir

memberships. He has lost his temper before. Will he lose It again with union labor flaunting its gains in his face?

WHAT CAN BE DONE?

The best solutlcm to the dilemma Is for labor leaders to adopt a more realistic attitude and to cooperate wholeheartedly with the Presidents request for moderation in wage demands. for a reexamlnatlcm of featherbedding practices In all Industries, and for a re-dedl-cati(m of labor to the old ideals of a fair days work for a fair days pay. Only in this way can labor leaders escape censure by the President and the people, and avoid the risk of adding to our already disturbing unemployment totals.

Failure to take such action would b(^h Indicate lack of respect for the Presidents views and also demonstrate to union members the eccmomie Ignorance of their American labor leaders. Even now, they fall to recognizeor to accept-ths potential of the European Common Market. With England and most of Europe asking to join, a C(nmunlty'of 300 million people will soon become a most powerful force in world affairs.

Mostly Because It Isnt True

/'I , I r-p-| that Ameru

otrength For Today

By ELMER ROESSNER Why 'don't you tell the tnitli. Roessner? an tndignant leader writes. Why dont you say that American nianufactur-obsolescence into their can make more

By F,ARI. X. 1)01 GLASS I.OOK DEE)* AM) <TT OEEI'

Are younii people v orse In their behavior than evei' before?

The answer to this question Ls another question? Is the a?e In which we live better or worse than preceding ages? For let us be well awar^of the fact that the quality of human beings does not change much from generation to generation. Basically young people are the same tod?y as they have always been. If their behaviour is different and it certainly appears to be - thcMi it Is largely because of the environment In which they live is different. If they drink liquor earlier than their parrnts did and in larger quantities, if they so about In gangs and slash each other with knives, if they defy conveution and scoff at authority, it Is because they live amid condltion.s

which encourage them to do these tiiing.s. Their pareni.s would have done the same had they lived amid these londi-tlon.<.

What we have to get straight in our minds Ls wliether or not the world In which we live is improving morally or deterioia-ting. Let us stop blaming indi-viduaLs and groups. Instead, let's ask ourselves what we can do about the conditions undei which both we and our children live - conditions which aic cxertin.g a powerful influence upon us. Slums and the barren life of city streets are largely respon-slble for juvenile delin qucncy. Ready availability of liquor and the bad example of many adults (often including parents), bring about youthful drinking and disorder.

Look deep for the cause of human iniquity. Cut deep to reach and eliminate the cause.

Mostly because It Isn't trap, Fa.sliion manufactureivs, of cour.re, make and sell products fbi' only sea.sonal luse, and the buyers jolly well know it. And seme manufacturers of durables pul out shoddy Items for quick profits, but they dont make repeat .sales. But most manufacturers build products to last, So to tell the truth:

A few' years ago my neighbor. Frank Ferencz. bought a new refrigerator and gave me his old one for my playroom. It wa': General Electric, number 1 1(^3.211. a four-cubic foot job V ith one of those towering coils on top. made in April. 1931. I rrnaintc''' the box ernen and gilded Hie door, hlnge.s and t ow'er.

(HILL.S EVER ONWARD About having acquired a summer cottage. I .sprayed the box white and took It to the tieach. It Ls .still working on the original refrigerant, with the

original motor. The only repairs have been a motor overhaul, new Insulation around the door and top, and the replacement of the trays with dlme-store substitutes. GE didnt build much obsolescence In that machine.

More trath: On December 23, 1952, I brought a Hoffman 24-inch TV set. model 21M, serial number 305B. fiom Towm Radio & TV. Flushing. N. Y. It w'as about $425 and I got a $25 discount on a trade-in. About 1955. one of the children banged the set against the wall and the plastic base of the picture tul)6 shattered. The repaii*man taped it up and said Id have to get a new tube soon. The tube is still functioning, better than ever.

Since I have had the set I have -spent exactly $223.19 for repairs, less than $25 a year. Hoffman surely did not build obsolescence in that set.

MORE MOMENTS OF TRUTH

More; In 1939. a friend w'ho w'a.s leaving towm sold me a Seas w'a.sher and a ipangle, which was a year or two old then. Last year a gasket on the washer pump gave way and It has not been fixed. The other

machine Is still mangling my handkerchiefs. It squirts a of oil and the cotton surface is singed, but it mangles happily on. a quarter of a century old.

In 1939 I bought a Sears Cold-spot refrigerator which cooled things until 1959, when I bought a larger box.

In about 1933, I bought a Zenith radio which, after carrying me tlirough years of Jack Benny and Fred Allen, burned out its condenser in the early 1930s. In the middle 30s, we bought our sons a Lafayette radio. It was knocked off tables several times and the case eventually shattered. About ten years after purchase, we threw the works on the dump,- still- playing bravely.

In 1953, I bought a Mercury, getting a 4 per cent discount because. my wife worked for the United Nations. This was a boon, because many people were paying bonuses to get cars that year. We drove it more than 80,000 miles and turned It over to our son. He took a tour of the national parks and then drove the car up the Alcan Highway one of the toughest highways in the world to

Anchorage, Alaska. After it had gone more than 100,000 miles he got $100 on a trade-in.

Ive had toasters that spat in my eye, electric can-openers that got dull before their tima and other gadgets that could not stfuid being dropped out of a helicopter. But by and large, the truth is that manufacturers who expect sales ten or twenty years later do not build obsolescence Into their products. 1 IN WORKERS IN GOVERNMENTAL JOBS

A CongressltMial committee reported that the Federal civilian payroll reached a record of $14.3 billion in the year ended June 30, 1962. But thats only part of the story.

When state and local governmental employees are counted in. the total is much higher. In the quarter ended June 30, Commerce Department reports, total government civilian wages and salaries were at an annual raie of $44.6 billion, out of a total of $295.9 billion. At that rate, one-seventh of all wages and salaries are paid by the government nd approximately on# In seven workers Is on governmental payrolls.

4