ifiBesdty, September 5, 1962

A Program Deserving Full Support

A . . . ^

A projj^ram designed to increase the income in income in this county will have a tremendous im-Pitt County by some |20 million during a five-year pact on the entire economy of Pitt County. Although period deserves the full v eight of support citizens Pitt is making strides toward economic diversifica-01 this county can put behind it. tion, agriculture will continue to be the mainstay

Such a program is now going on in Pitt in con- of its economy for many years to come. The more nection with a state-wide effort to increase agri- rapidly Pitt can improve its agricultur^t income, the cultural income in North Carolina to $1.6 billion "*ore rapidly the general economy of the county dollars annually by 1966. "ill continue its upward trend.

As a leading agricultural county of the state, Whether it comes from industrial wages or Pitt has considerably more to gain economically from improvement in agriculture, a program to pro-through the program than most other counties of duce $20 million additional annual income in Pitt North Carolina. Traditionally Pitt has been one ot justifies the work and support of all the people the top three of the 100 counties of the state in of the county. If the goal can be a(^iieved, all citi-farm income. With continued effort toward im- zens of the county will benefit |ml6tly from the proving agriculture, it may be expected that Pitt results it produces.

will not lose its status as one of the most wealthy

agricultural counties of the state*

So far as Pitt is concerned, the five-year program which was undertaken last year anticipates an agricultural income of $55^ million annually in Pitt by 1966. This figure compares with a farm income of $37H million in Pitt County last year.

The staff of the farm agents office, farm ,

organizations of the county and individual farmers or ^ding additional personnel to a gov-

already have begun work on the program and are department, there is usually skepticism on

implementing suggestions for improving agricui- the average taxpayer. Particularly is

tural income of the county. In a project of such if personnel is to be added to tax

magnitude, however, the active support of the other collection agencies in order to increase the percent

age of collection on taxes due the government.

It has been proposed that North Carolinas Department of Revenue be allowed to set up its own investigation division to bring to light cases of income tax evasion and thus increase the percentage of collections on taxes due the state government.

Labor Day Scene

f A5 RUSHAN PAOWGAWfiA COUL^RBPORT ITO Scones OP

American

WORKERS BBIM6 "

KiUEP

IN

STffeETS-

swnoS'8>i*v

Tax Investigators Are A Reasonable Addition

When there is talk of increasing government

H'- -I':':

~ ' ^ r.

IDLE^ II.L CLAi> U.^

SUFFERING

from

EXPOSURE

TO THE ELEMENT^

citizens of the county is also necessary.

An increase of $20 million annually in farm

An Even Bigger ; Route Problem

IN AMERICA, WORKING GIRL^ ARE FACING <iLOW STARVATION

B, WItUAM A. SHIRES

WESTThe highway building marvel of the 1950s In North Carolina w'as the four-lane divided . S. 70 superhighway that crosses the Eastern conU-noital divide between Old Fort and Ridgecrest.

It is still a monument, after a decade to modem highway engineering and construction.

But the bear now has gone over the mountain.

It would have been difficult to imagine 10 yeans ago that an even greater problem in highway planning and engineering would arise along a route of about 15 miles of U. S. 70 beginning where the Old Fort-to-Ridgecrest road reaches the crest of the Blue Ridge.

But it is true. State highway officials say tliis area, from Ridgecrest and Black Mountain to Asheville, presents an extremely difcult traffic situation, certainly (xie of the worst in the state.

AWARE-State highway officials are keenly aware of the tremendous highway and traffic problems In Western North Carolina. especially acute and pressing during the summer Uxirist season.

Something is going to be done, says Highway chairman Merrill Evans. But he adds that it is going to take time and a great deal of mcmey.

START A start has been made, of course. In some a*e?s the mountain courales have excellent highways. These good roads, allowing for rapid, easy transportation, played a big part in attracting both tourists and Industry.

In the case of Black Mountain to Asheville, this development simply outgrew the existing highways.

Now, to the east of Old Port, at the foot of the escarpment In McDowell County, the new Interstate 40 pours traffic from the Piedmont and other interstate highways into Western North Carolina.

Tourists stream off the Blue Ridge parkway at Asheville, and through the Great Smokies, down the existing river route,s.

The start on solving the highway problems, at least the most pressing ones, includes work which is progressing on Interstate 40 west of Asheville and the Asheville expressway.

There are improvement projects on . S. 441 through the Great Smokies,

RELIEFBut there are cries for immediate relief In the

areas of greatest ccmgestion the bottlenecks that jam and snarl tourist and industrial traffic, creating hazards and delays. The worst of these are in the areas of Black Mountain to Asheville and from Asheville west to the Canton-Waynesville area.

We dont know what can be done, Evans told the State Highway Commission. But we want to get in there right now and see. The Commission quickly approved a $10,000 item

While immediate adverse reaction to the proposal would not be surprising, the proposal has merit which should be carefully considered by citizens of the state. Particularly should it be considered by those who conscientiously pay their taxes ul'mdv oi^TtrAorE every year in accordance to the state regulations, oy HOWARD

Citizens who cheat on their income tax pay- T T

ments are not only cheating on the government, one naa neai

but on their fellow citizens also. If, because of in come tax evasion on the part of some citizens, the

state lacks sufficient revenue to meet its needs, tax SCHOOLS back In the spot-

levies have to be increased or other new sources

01 tax revenue found. If, on the other hand, the not altogether improper to

state collected all the taxes due it under the law. browse through the halls.

^..... the need for increasing levies or finding other new Theres the amusing tale of a

for ground"surveys,of revenue might largely be eliminated. It marily at determining whether jg reasonable to expect there would be an appre

ciable increase in total state revenues.

T

Problem

her which dollar is for my spending money and which one is for lunch.

Theres magic in a problem like that.

it will be practical to wide . S. 70 to a four-lane highway from Black Mountain to Asheville.

This highway is flat and straight through Swannanoa Gap, but is lined with industries, service facilities, side roads to religious assembly grounds, through several small municipal areas. Black Mountain, Blue Ridge, Swannanoa and Oteem, and parallels the Southern railway tracks. In fact, in some places the highway and railroad right-of-way overlap,

COST It is expected that what construction or improvements are recommended will be very costly.

This is the case in ail mountain country highway building, but in the Asheville area improvement projects terrain may not be as great a problem as right-of-way.

UNUSUALNorth Carolinas Highway Commission has tipped its hat to bridge fishermen.

Bridge fishing is extremely popular, especially along the Outer Banks and coast. Not only is this sport permitted and encouraged, but the Highway Commission now' is going to make it safer for the fishermen.

It has approved $3,500 to construct a pipe rail along the slde-w'alk adjacent to the travel portion of the Roanoke Sound overflow bridge near Manteo to protect the fishermen.

This bridge is used by large numbers of fishermen, chairman Evans said. And occasionally wie of them catches something. Then, he said, in hauling in the catch, or stepping back to cast his line into the waters, the fisherman risks getting hit by a carthus the pipe rail.

At least one highway commissioner said he had never seen such a rail anjrwhere. but the Roanoke Sound bridge is to have one.

first-grader who showed up for classes about third or fourth day of school.

There was everything but

complete understanding in the The citizen who conscientiously pays his taxes teachers tone when she asked each year has the right to expect every other citizen little Whats

will do the same thing. He also has the right to L^piy^the^JSilngster raised expect the state will take reasonable steps to see both her tightly-clenched fists

that those who are evading income tax payments slightly higher, squeezed the

will be discovered and made to pay their fair share lghto.'wd

under the law for support of government operations, hooed:

rru 1 4.U i. i-i. 4 ^ teacher, I cant remem-

The proposal that the state revenue department have a reasonable investigation division has O

sufficient merit to warrant its careful consideration vj ]il3r tiCLltOrS i^ClVinC by state officials, members of the legislature and ^ I ^

citizens alike. Such a division should increase the ^ TV. T

states revenue by eliminating cases of tax evasion, XimGriCCinS 1N O and in so doing be of benefit to the taxpayer who year after year conscientiously pays the state what he owes in taxes.

IT MAY be improper to discuss the subject out in the open, but its always a deeply-moving experience for deeply-movable persons to survey the fresh crop of first-graders each fall.

Some are brightly - dressed, some not so. . .There are the youngsters who immediately bubble over with the magnetic-type personality; others are near-dlsturbingly timid and shy. One may be finely groomed in kindergarten; anotfe^r by his side may never have seen a

book.

Its as obvious as it is desirable that children from all class levels and home environments enter public schools each year. There are countless variables

But theres at least one gloriously common attribute:

A stealthy but steady look into the face of each youngster reveals the same sparkle in each eye and proclaims again that each child must have the same opportunity to develop.

Changes In The Court Make-Uo

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunda^ Established 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publisher

Entred at Post Office. OrcenvlUe, N. C.. as second mail matter.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier (In Towns) Week 30r

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week 35c

BY MAIL, Payable In Advance

Greenville Post Office, Pitt County. RobersonvlUe, Vanceboro Washington and Chocowinity. i

Three Months I

bnt Months ........................... 7X10

One Year .................. 18.00

North Carolina (other than ilste^fbove)

Three Months ^ $ 4XN)

Six Months .......... .. 7M

One Year...... ........... 14.00

Plus 3% N. C. Sales Tax AH Other Outside North Carolina

Three Months .......................... I 4JB

Six Months .............. 8.00

One Year ............................... 18 00

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credited to titls paper and also the local news publlsheo herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches bert art alio reserved.

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By J.\MES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP)-It wasnt always this simple, or quiet.

Theres hardly a ripple when President Kennedy appoints Labor Secretary Arthur J. Goldberg to succeed retiring Justice Felix Frankfurter on the Supreme Court. But then he was only filling a vacancy.

The storms have come over changing the size of the court, and attempts. The court has been packed and repacked. Its size has been changed seven time.s.

It's almost incredible how sloppy historians have been about pulling together in one book or paper the number of changes in the size and the reasons, which have been almost always political.

These were the changes: In

1801from six justices to five;

1802five to six; 1807six to seven; 1837seven to nine; 18B3 nine to ten; 1866ten to seven; 1869back up to nhie. There has been no change since.

The Constitution did not fix the number of justices. That was left to Congress. The very first Congress, by the Judiciary Act of Sept. 24. 1789. set the number of justices at six; a chief justice and five associates.

This act also created 13 District Courts and three Circuit Courts. This meant the Supreme Court justices had to find time to travel to the circuits where two of them, with a district judge, made up a Circuit Couri. The justices had to ride circuit for years.

Presidents Washington and Adams, being Federalists, naturally enough filled the early court with Federalists. This irked Thomas Jefferson and his Rcpub^eanS. in the' elections of 1800 the Federalists lost the presidency and control of Congress to the Jeffersonians.

At that time a new president could not take office until March 4, following the elections. Just before Jefferson entered the White House in 1801 the Pederalists-run Congress reduced the number of justices from six to five. The Jeffersonians promptly hit back.

In 1802 they boosted the number of justices back to six. In 1803 the still Federalist-dominated couri upheld the act of 1802. The next enlargement was perhaps the least political of aU.

This was in 1807, The reason was pointed out by Frankfurter back in the 1920s while he was still a professor at Harvard and before he went on the court himself.

After Kentucky. Tennessee and Ohio became states a de

mand for a circuit court to take care of them became insistent. This meant more circuit-riding for the justices. So a new' circuit was provided along with an increase in the number of Supreme Court justices, from sbc to seven.

In 1837 the number was raised to nine. Fred Rodell of Yale says this was done to handle the new western and southwestern circuits. But Edward S. Corwin of Princeton, outstanding authority on the Constitution, puts a slightly different light on it.

He said the two additions were made w'ith the probably intended and ceriainlv realized result of watering down the influence on the court of the great Federalist Chief Justice John Marshall who had died tw-o years before in 1835 after 34 years on the court.

In 1863, during the Civil War when Congress was anxious to keep the West away from the Confederacy, California was given a circuit court and the number of justices was upped from nine to ten. As the 10th justice President Lincoln named Stephen J. Fielda Californian and a strong Unionist.

In 1866 President Andrew Johnson was having such a foul time with the Radical Republican Congress that it shrank the court to seven by saying no vacancies should be filled till the total of justices was down to that number.

This was to keep Johnson from getting anybody on the court who might be antagonistic to Republican reconstruction legislation.

But by 1869 there was a new president, Ulysses S. Grant. He got along much btler with H Radicals. Because they controlled him, they felt safe about his Supreme Court appointments. So they raised the number back up to nine.

In 1937 President Roosevelt got a lot of criticism, but no action from Congress, when he asked to have the nine-man court enlarged. That reactionary court had made hash out of his New Deal legislation in 1935 and 1936.

But the storm over his proposal and the public attention it focused on their work, seems to have made the justices self-conscious. Almost at once In 1937 they began approving New Deal policies. .,

Oddly enough, when Roosevelt sent his message to Congress asking for enlargement and citing other changes In the court to show that change was not new, he forgot to mention the change In 1302.

(Washington Daily News) Just recently in Raleigh 72 adults all bom in foreign countries stood up and took the oath which makes them naturalized citizens of America.

Sometimes we hear people say that so many people of foreign birth never really become true Americans. They always will live in the country of their birth, we hear people say.

It all reminds us of what we heard a naturalized citizen say sometime ago. In a barber shop discussion several men were talking about America, taxes, the costs of living, juvenile delinquency, highway deaths, politics. and other subjects usually discussed in a barber shop.

One fellow finished getting a hair cut, and from his accent it was obvious that he was not a native bom American. He had listened to the conversation for some time, then he said Im real interested in what you gentlemen have been saying in her you all weie born nere In America America is all you know you say you love America, but do you really love this country?

Then he added I was born in Albania and lived there until ^ was 19 years of age then I came to this country I have found a new life, new hope, new values, and I think I can say truthfully that no one In this barbershop loves America as much as I do.

That of course was a strong statement. Then he said you folks who were bom here take America for granted you dont know what life is like In some of our other lands high taxes hurt but low living hurts more you take such things as freedom, security, and progress for granted in my old country It was a struggle.

He then said if any of you could live where I came from

just six months, youd feel exactly as I feel now youd thrill deep down inside every time you saw the American flag w'ave or heard the Star Spangled Banner sung I love America deeply because America has given me so much far more than I couli ever have han in the oil country.

Then he made a significant statement. He said you are Americans by birth I am an American by choice.

Somehow listening to this man talk, this editor could not help but feel that w'hat he said made a lot of good common sense. Americans bora here do often tend to take so much for granted. We all too often forget that ours is a blood bathed heritage, that men who came before us bled and died in order that we, their children, might have opportunities to live, be free, and enjoy a life they could never experience.

The difference so often between an American and a foreigner is that w'e_ grumble because we might hot have the luxuries of life we want; they grumble because they might not have the necessities of life they so much need. There is a big difference.

As Americans we take it for granted that today and tomorrow we'll have plenty of food, warm clothing, an automobile, a telev^ion set. ample recreational opportunities, and that when we go to bed tonight, well have no fear of police awakening us because our political ideologies do not coincide with the existing order of things.

We have many freedoms others can never enjoy. We might not be satisfied and happy all the time in America, but if we look at what other peoples have, we ought to get on our knees and thank God that we are Americans.

COLUMNISTS are generally left to do their own roaming. Few readers of the few who read them ever extend the oft-aimless scribe a second thought.

But if you happen to be a reader of this under-the-cartoon spot every day, youll remember, perhaps, a reference here last week to a shoddy old truck

awkwardly referred to as a bulky lady or something by the columnistwhose current mission Included servitude as a collection center for a needy family clothing bank.

As usual, the columnist was entirely Inadequate, What was unusual was the clamor by a score or more readers who called attention to the writers laxity. Where Is that service station where the old truck Is, they 11 wanted to know.

Well, for the record, the truck

a retired Railway Express Agency vehicle. I think is parked neatly beside a service station on East Tenth Street.

Specifically, its at C o 11 e g c Court Service Station, an establishment operated by a character referred to previously as Big Daddy. More specifically, Big Daddy is registered on his merchants license as Joseph Melvin Moore.

Delays

Destroy

ustice

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1962, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Charles Dickens aroused his nations ire by tales of the slowness of the courts because justice delayed is justice deprived. Swift, capricious decisions are truly evil, but nothing can be wome than a case that is held up until witnesses die and the facts are forgotten and the c(mtestants are 4n bankruptcy.

Under Admlnlstnttive Law, now in vogue, the delays can be merciless. Perhaps the best example of that is the distressing state of our railroads which should have had ample opportunity to meree and become efficient, but which have been held in a state of suspense by the Interstate Commerce Cpm-misslon.

A less important but more dramatic example of delay appears in the famous Stoik dub Case.

On January 8. 1957, Local 89 and Local 1 of the restaurant workers unlcm began picketing tl Stork Club. They are still at it. The union has lost in the courts and before the New York State Labor Relations Board and the National Labor Relations Board but they are still picketing and neither the police nor any other authorities do anything about it. N(^ this amazing schedule;

January 8, 1957, the Stork dub filed a petition for an elec- tion with the New Yoric State Labor Relations Board and the imions countered 'with a complaint charging unfair labor practices. On February 25, 1957, Supreme Court Justice Saypol, New Yort County, granted an tnjunctl(m against the picketing. March 4, 1957, the Appellate Division reviewed Judge Saypols order. Summer-Fall, 1957, hearings were held before the Trial Examiner of New York State Labor Relations Board. On January 13, 1958, the New York State Labor Relations Board recommended dismissal of the union charges on the ground that the Board had no jurisdiction.

On January 28,1959, New York State Labor Relations Board dismissed the charges of the un-l(Mi on the ground that New York State had no jurisdiction.

On April 1, 1959, Supreme Court Justice Gavagan, New York County, granted an injunction against picketing. On May 4, 1959, the Appellate Division reversed Judge Oava-gans order. On January 11, 1960, the Stork Club filed charges against the uni(ms of unfair labor practices with the National Labor Relations Board and asked for an injunction against the picketing. On January 22, 1960, hearings were held before Federal Judge Archie 0. Dawson, who <m February 15. 1960, issued an order prohibiting picketing. February 23, 1960, hearings started before Trial Examiner of National Labor Relations Board, who on April 15, recommended dismissal of Stork Club complaint.

On July 26. 1960, United States Court of Appeals modified Judge Dawsons order; so, on August 9, 1960, hearings were held before Judge Dawson, who issued orders prohibiting picketing between 1 and 3 p.m. and between 7 and 8 p.m. On February 8, 1961, United States Court of Appeals again modified Judge Dawsons order, but affirmed prohibition against picketing between 1 and 3 p.m. (Continued on Page 8)

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS SIGNS OF THE TIMES

Are we in for a financial depression?

Many well - known leaders claim we are. Financial conditions throughout the world are not good. The state of the American dollar and our resulting credit have sunk to alarming depths. Depressions occur when the economic mistakes people make get so heavy that they upset the applecart. In 1929 depression came because everybody was in the stock market with a margin account. Today the debt situation with individuals and nations appears to be such that anything might happen. We are putting vast sums of money into armament, which is an unproductive type of manufacturing. ,lf we do have a depression we can be sure that it

will not be the same as the 1929 debacle. But it will be because economic forces have become unbalanced. Then an overturn will occur.

Serious as are the financial results of a depression, the moral results are even more serious. A few lose fortunes, but millions lose hope. Many lose their lives. Happiness evaporates. Children give up the hope of education and go to work. Some men dishonestly use securities owned by their friends to rsdse money for speculations; then they go to jail.

Political and economic upheavals are. never purely political or economical. They are basically moral. They break the heart and destroy the souls of many.

The approaching future should be contemplated with a wholesome sense of anxiety.

illegal To Fix, And Not To

T I

.:1X

By ELMER ROESSNER

Its Illegal to fix the retail price of liquor. Its Illegal not to fix the price of hquor.

That curious contradiction and the uaint insanity the prevades Americas laws about drinking is pointed up by Attorney General Robert Kennedys action against the House of Seagram, Inc., and several liquor distributors In Florida.

They are accused of price fixing.

n other states, liquor distributors or distillers are permitted to fix retail prices under so-called fair trade laws. PRICE-FIXING MANDATORY

In still others, the dealers are compelled to fix retail prices. In New York, for Instance, distributors must list their retail prices for the following month with state authorities. And if any retailer cuts prices, he can lose his license or suffer other penalties.

And In the monopoly states, state liquor commissions simply set the retail price and peo

ple pay it or parch.

In other words, if iBeagram failed to set retail prices in .New York State, it would be violating rthe law and be subjected to heavy penalties. But because it is accused of setting retail prices in Florida, it is face-to-face with Bob Kennedy, the son of an old liquor dealer, and facing penalties running into hundreds of thousands of dollars. Joseph P. Kennedy, father of resident Kennedy and Attorney General Kennedy, was once an importer of Scotch whiskey. However, the family is out of the liquor business and is now largely in government. U. S. TAKES OVER

In Florida, Colorado, Texas, Illinois and a few other states, it is illegal to set the retail price of liquor. Because there are no state laws on pricing, Federal anti-truat laws prevail and anybody, including Seagram, is liable to be indicted.

But in other states, price -fixing Is legal, required or subject to the stattk

American moral and ethical confusion in the matter of liquor has been evidenced before.

For example, carbcmated wines, such as champagne, carry a much higher Federal tax than still wines, largely because champagne and other sparkling beverages have been associated with wickedness.

No one has ever been publicized for drinking a Christian Brothers claret out of a showgirls slipper, but such antics have been ascribed to buyers of champagne. And Congress, by its taxing powers, la discourag- ^ Ing an old romantic gesture.

Come to think of it. drlnktng champagne or even cows milk out of somebody's slipper has some emetic aspects.

SHORT ic SIGNIFICANT BITS OF BUSINESS NEWS Prices of rock salt, a big item for state &nd local highway department in freezing weather, will be lower this winter because of supplies from the Dominican Republic, reports Purchasing Week, . .The no-

show penalty effective May 1 has decreased no shows and made more seats available for show-up passengers, domestic airlines report. . . .The supply of lentils in Chile was exhausted in mid-July. . .Chord organs are gaining In popularity and holiday sales this year may set a new record . . .Labor relations under the Kennedy Administration have become unenlightened and frustrating, Prof. William Gomberg told a Stanford University audience. was formerly an organizer for the International Ladles Garment Workers Union. . .When sterling silver shoe buckles are old in combinatlcm with non-taxable shoes, the retailers tax applies to that portion of the retail price aUocable to the buckles, says the Internal Revenue Service in Rev. Rul. 62-104. . .American motorists paid a record 54.5 billion In state highway - users taxes last year, says the American Petroleum Institute. A large part of the money was siphoned off for non-highway uses.