Tuesday, August 28, 1962

U.S. Cannot Afford To Be Used

Cosmonauts Stay Up So Long

The shelling of a Havana hotel last week did no damage of consequence to Castros position in Cuba, but such incidents seriously damage the position and prestige of the United States in the eyes of the world.

hand of Castro and the communists in their island stronghold off the U.S. mainland.

Although the light"weapon shelling took place without the knowledge or permission of the United States, the fact that it was carried out by Cuban exiles from Florida tends to involve this nation in the event. It sets the stage for another barrage of propaganda from Castro attacking the United States, and likewise provides a ch'mate in which the communist propaganda may be believed by citizens of other countries in Latin America and other parts of the world.

Preventing such incidents will not be an easy task for the United States, but every effort should be made by the government in that direction. It should not hesitate, if necessary, to require that those Cuban exiles who have been granted sanctuary in this country abide by rules laid down by the United States, or face expulsion.

Time For Evaluating Untied Tobacco Sales

It is not enough for the government of'this Now that the five-day test period for the sale country to issue a mild reprimand to the Florida- of untied tobacco on the huge Eastern Belt has been

incident. The United States com,pleted, the experts face a major task of evalu-should take firm measures to prevent future inci- ating the test in terms of future policy, dents oMhis sort, and it should make clear to the

Cuban exiles in this country that it will not tolerate repeat performances of this kind.

Having accepted these people as exiles from

Several factors are immediately apparent.

The sale of untied tobacco on Eastern markets brought to warehouse floors some inferior tobaccos; which probably would not have been marketed hai

Castro s regime m Cuba, the United States has like- untied leaf not been sold in the markets. Prices, as wise accepted certain responsibilities for the be- expected, \vere below those paid for tied tobacco havior of these anti-Castro residents. One of these of corresponding grades during the previous season, responsibilities IS to see that the mainland or the During the first sales days of the season, there was United States is not used by hotheads and extrem- little differential between prices paid for tied and wts ^ carry out them own little private wars w^ith untied tobacco of corresponding grades, the Cuban dictator. They only serve to damage the

position of the United States and strengthen the

?aoer

now Her

3ecame A Daily

(Edltwf note The late Miss Beatrice Cobb of Morgan-t(Hi was one of North OmiUnas best - known and best - lo\^ newspaper people. The following two guest columns relate the story of how Miss Cobb turned her newspaper, the Mor-ganton News-Herald, into a daUy nearly half a century ago and reported the stwy of the great floods of 1916)

Another factor that is apparent, that with the five-day test period over, there remains a wide difference of opinion among farmers as to the relative merits of the sale of untied tobacco on Eastern markets. This difference of opinion also prevails among others, not directly associated with farming or the tobacco business. Since the beginning of the loose-leaf sajes period in the area, we have seen few observers whose opinions have changed. Those

who favored the untied sales earlier feel that the ATVTTsJ TAVTOP

test period supported their position. Those who ^ i/ixi-<wxv

vAMiu WA* ov- against the sales of untied tobacco in this belt

still hold the same opinion following the test period.

porary basis, but the tempera- nr j i ^ i ^, ...

ry j<rt) ccmtinued for nearly half don t know just how the experts in the

a century the start of which Department of Agriculture will go about determin- ^

was covering the story of the ir^rr f..i nr__________ Once upon a time in

limits

As To

Action

that time.

BEGIN Miss Cobb to<* ov-

r

"o The Beginnings

By J.W. LONG (Morganton News-Herald)

MORGANTON For the journalistic records, the Mor-ganttm Nevra-Herald went daily with the Issue (rf the Ortober 29, 1956, but that wasnt the first daily printed In tbis Burke County town.

Way back in 1916. Morganton bad a daily newspaper for four days during the Great Flood 46 years a^ last month.

The part the News-Herald played in reporting the flood story is well-known to old timers how the late Miss Beatrice Cobb turned the little weekly into a daily for four days to Inform its readers about the devastatioi and progress of the high water in Western North Carolina.

Telegraph and Telephone lines existed in wly a few places in those days, and flood washed them out almost entirely in the areas hit by the high water. Tracks of the S<Mithem Railway reaching into the mountains also were washed out. Burke County, among oUiers in the region, found itself isolated and cut off frwn the outside world.

FEAT It would be a headache for a modem weekly today to suddenly try to convert to daily publication even for a week. Pw Miss Cobb, her small staff and the meager equipment of the little weekly attemirting such a feat was unbelievable. To say th least, the undertaking required a heroic effort.

To make the ta^ seem even more Impossible, Miss Cobb knew little about newspapering, Perhi)s that is why she did it.

Miss Cobb, who later became the Iwig-tlmc secretary-treasury of the North Carolina Press Association. had taken over the newspaper following the death of her father, T. G, Cobb, on July 5 less than two weeks before the rains came. She had been helping run the paper, but she was far from being an experienced newspaperwoman zi

a full-fledged daily, but sl% never forgot that fir^ run ( a daily basis back in 1916.

Only a woman like Miss Cobb would have undertaken such a herculean task. Probably members of the NCPA, who taiew her during more than 30 years that she served as secretajry. will not be surprised if this is their first informatiMi of a phase in her journalism career.

COVERAGE The yeUowed files of the News-Herald of 1916 show clearly that the coverage of the flood amid such himdi-caps and trying circumstances was nothing less than amazing.

It should go down in ^umal-Ism history as an example of the determination of the press in North Carolina to uphold the best traditions of the Fourth Estate in keeping the public informed and the facts reported fully and accurately.

There was no way to obtain the news of the flood except by word of mouth, and form eyewitnesses.

Thus everyone in Morganton and surrounding area perhaps without knowing it became reporters (m the story. They stopped by the offices of the News-Herald, told what they had seen and heard, and those people out in the county who managed to reach town added their bits of news and information. It all went into type.

HELP Helping Miss Cobb with the writing of flood stories w as the late A. C. Kerley who had been superintendent of Mor-gant<His schools. From his obituary of Mr. Cobb, Kerley was an orator in the style of William Jennings Bryan and he wrote the same w'ay. Miss Cobb never used a typewriter and Kerley probably did not either, so it was a tedious job for them to write the accounts in longhand.

A linotype operator. J. Gordon Queen, opera^ the linotype which set tfie stories in type. He not only set all the type, but helped with the makeup and helped run the press.

Queen, by the way. Is the only person who worked .on the newspaper during those days in 1916 who is still alive.

continued for many years with no changes taking place in our far off towns.

Then one day a leader arose

was covering the story of the ins whether the test Droved sucei^ssfiii Wp

flood. Before her death. Miss iu presume ancient far off land several

Cobb saw the newspaper become uicrc will be a sampling' of opinion among the vari- communities existed as neigh-

ous segments of the tobacco industry for reaction Their people went happi- _________________________

to the test. We presume also, that following this ly ^ut their chores of the day among the communities. He

1:---1 _i.i . i. ..... arindine corn between two traveled by foot, since there

were no roads.

bing their simple clothing in LTh

_ ^ the muddy river waters or till- ^ , VL

In the meantime, with the test period over, the ing the soil with primitive

sale of tied tobacco only on,Eastern Belt markets plows,

will make the-remainder of the tobacco auction But each community lived a

season more nearly normal than in the first five own and, while

sampling and other studies in connection with the problem, the USDA will make its own decision as lent of the hush puppy, scrub-to the success of the test sales of untied tobacco.

confusing days of sales.

i^nows

.awyer About Waiting

friends occasionally took the tortuous Journey from one town to another on festive occasions, there w^ Jittle contact otherwise.

, So life went on quietly for

best that each town has to of ter can be shared by all Whats more the trading will make all our people more prosperous.

Well, the people of this far-off ancient land were getting pretty tired for grinding corn between two stones for hush puppy counterparts, beating

to this leader who had come into their midst. They got out their tools and built roads from one town to another.

One town had developed an axe, another a hoe, another a crank machine to grind corn. The makers of the wonderou.s instruments packed their wares on their backs and journeyed from town-to-town. Busifes prospred nd soon each of the communities was bustling and growing in a way never knovm before.

But our leader was a'smart man. He knew that the wheel had been invehted by some pre-hlstoric man many centuries before. He went back

people of centries ago. The on clothes In the diry river over the good roads to each

women ground the corn and and wrestling with those of the towns,

the nien tilled the soil. Thi.s primitive plows. They listened

By JAMES MARLOW

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunda^ Established 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHAKD, Publishei

Entered at Post Office. Greenville, N. C.. as second da*, mail matter.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier (In Towns) Week 30c

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week 35c

BY MAIL, Payable In Advance

Orewville Post Office, Pitt County. Robersonville. Vanceboro Washington and Chocowinlty.

Three Months ........................... $ j 76

Six Months ...........................] * ^ 7 00

One Year ............................... j300

North Carolina (other than listed above)

Three Months ..........................^ 4 00

Six Months ............... 7A0

One Year ............. ............. 14 00

Plus 3% N C. Sales Tax All Other Outside North Carolina

Three Months ................... $ 4 25

Six Months ........... 800

^ On* Year ............................... 15 Oq

WASHINGTON AP) - Thur-good Marshall, the Negro lawyer who led the step-by-step fight of Negroes against segregation in America, got a lot of practice in waiting. He needed it.

Almost a year ago President Kennedy, deciding to appoint him to the federal Court of Appeals, sent his nomination to the Senate for approval. There has been no approval yet.

But the Senate whipped through in a few days with its blessing for Byron O. (Whiz-zer) White when Kennedy last March appointed the former All-America football star to the higher position of Supreme Court justice.

Neither the delay with Marshall nor the speed with White lay with the full Senate.

The responsibility in both cases rested with the Senate Judiciary Committee headed by James O. Eastland, Mississippi Democrat, and with another Southern Democrat, Olin D. Johnston of South Carolina, head of a subcommittee.

The 54-year-oId Marshall, as chief counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, started hi 1938 to argue before the Supreme Court, in case after ca.se, against segregation of Negroes.

He won all but three. His crovTiing achievement was in the Supreme Court decision of May 17. 19.54, outlawing segregation in public schools.

Last Sept. 23 Kennedy nominated him to the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals which handles cases from Vermont, Connecticut and New York and .sent his name to the Senate. Congress quit before any action was taken. So on Oct. 2.3. 19G1 Kennedy gave him a re-CC-.S appointment.

When Congress returned thi.s .vear, Kennedy sent liis name to the Senate again, this time on Jan. 1.5.

A.s usual the nomination was referred to PJastland'.s committee wlieii' the procedui-e Is tp hold public hearings on the

mans merits. After the hearings the committee votes for or against.

If the votes is against, that almost always ends it. If the committee approves, then the name goes to the full Senate for approval or the opposite.

But Eastland turned Marshalls case over to Johnston for his sub-committee to hold hearings.

The procedure here, after the subcommittee hearings, is for the full committee to vote. But Johnston stalled and held six hearings since January,

This is quite a contrast with the treatment White got. Kennedy noi- nated him March 30. White at the time was deputy attorney general. Before that he had been a practicing attorney.

In 1960 White, whose home is Colorado, had organized a Kennedy-for-Pre.sident group and in 1961, during the presidential campaign, headed the National Volunteers for Kennedy.

Whites nomination didnt go to a subcommittee. Although the full committee probably knew far less about White than it did about Marshall, a brief hearing was held April 11 and White got unanimops committee approval. That same day the full Senate approved.

Some of the Judiciary Committee nembers who are not on Johnstons subcommittee like Democrs Philip A. Hart of Michigan and John A. Carroll of Colorado and Republican Kenneth B. Keating of New Yorkhave been publicly putting the heat on Johnston to get through with the Marshall case.

Johnston decided Friday he had had enough hearings. But he hasnt decided when he'd call his subcommittee together to consider Marshalls worthiness before reporting to the full judiciary committee.

Since Congress is in a rush to quit and go home, theres a chance the full Senate wont be able to vote on Marshall this yeai- unless there' quick action by Johnston and Ea.stland. Marshalls salary will be cut off if hes not confirmed before the Senate adjourns.

Other Editors Saying... A Soviet Weakness

(Christian Science Minitor)

This is in all probability a moment of important success for the free world, due to'an important admission of failure by the Kremlin. It seems most likely that Premier Khrushchev is trying to cope with his failure to make a w'ork-able government out of the Ulbricht regime In East Germany.

When Moscow creates a crisis one of two things is happening. Either the Soviet leader is starting another test of strength another effort to break out of the grip In which he is restrained by the free world or he is putting his own house in order and throwing up a screen to conceal It.

Most signs point to the latter, in the closing down of the office of the Soviet commander in Berlin.

We have just had a test of strength, and it didnt work. It didnt do anything for thcRt-sians. Soviet jets menacingly buzzed American planes on the air routes to the city a position the West considers vital. This was the first time that President Kennedy met the full force of a Soviet power drive, and he made his decision. He would fight to defend Berlin. If they wanted war. let it begin there and not later, after a series of Western retreats under aggres.slon.

He notified Premier Khrushchev that he like all postular American Pre.sldents would meet a genuine menace with force, and this crisis was over.

Doubtless the Communist

leadership wiU test the strength and resolution of the West again, but there seems to be no need for it now. President Kennedy has been tested.

What is much more likely Is that Mr. Khrushchev has decided to cope with one of his greatest liabilities, the Ulbricht regime.

With the exception of. little Albania, the East German occupation government is the last holdout of Stalinism in the Soviet system. Life for the average individual under Ulbricht rule has not been as bad as Westerners like to assume, as far as material conditions are concerned. But at the key points where brutality and tyranny crush their heel on the vital sparks of life that make a free community live and breathe, this has been a peculiarly Inept and unappealing version of Stalin colonialism and it was recognized by aU the world as such. Politically it w'as ugly. And it has to be changed if Khrushchev hopes to have a satellite instead of a lump on his hands.

If this is the background for the series of maneuvers now opening in Berlin, it is an admission of failure being covered by bluster and no one need be afraid of It. Moreover a less cnide regime Is not going to cure the flaws of colonial communism.

If by any chance this Is the .start of another test of power, however, there Is no reason for fear either, and every reason for confidence. These tests are now familiar.

People, he told each community. If you build carts, mount them on w'heels and use oxen, to pull them, you ca i haul far more goods.

The people tried this and sure enough It worked. More goods were exchanged be tween towns and all the communities prospered. Our leader v/as a hero. He had brought prosperity to this ancient world by using his noggin.

But, alas, his down fall w'as to come because of his abilltv to see into the futuretoo far into the future.

He took to the road again. People, he told each community. If we all band together we can lay broad roads in a flat area right in the center of all our communities. These roads will go no where. For, you see, we wrill be building an airport. Someday man will fly and it will be uneconomical for each community to have an airport, what with a thing called jet aircraft and all.

Well, everywhere our leader went you could have heard a pin drop after that little speech. What is he, some kind of a nut? somebody would say and they would all turn their backs on him and go home.

Of course, after that everybody forgot about trade and roads and carts with wheels. The roads grew up with weeds, the oxen died out and the carts rotted away.

In a few years the women were back grinding corn between two stones for ancient hush puppies, or beating ther clothes in the dirty river and the men went back to tilling the soil with primitive plows.

And for all we know, that is the way it is today.

By* GEORGE E. SOKOLSKT Copyright. 1962, King Feature!

Syndicate. Inc.

A reader in Adelphl, Maryland. writes to say:

To be sure this country did pour mwiey Into both of these countries (Cuba and China); but did it go to help those who needed help? It certainly did not. R went to those who all ready had more than they needed.

This is said so (^n and it Is always unfortunately so meaningless. A government can only deal with a government. A President of the United States can only deal with the designat* ed officials of the government of another country. He cannot set up an office in a foreign country and shout C<Mne unto me all who are heavy-laden. He would be thrown out and rightly so. We would not tolerate such nonsense in our country. Whatever form of aid our government has ever given to another people has had to be with the consent of the country aided. This goes back to the wonderful relief work that our government did in Europe during World War I and afterwards by Herbert Hoover, It goes back to UNRRA, to the Marshall Plan, to any form of aid and assistance.

Of course, prior to these many wars, American private persons and organizations poured various forms of aid into foreign countries. This has not had anything to do with our government or even its sanction. In my opinion, tlM most telling aldV comes from missionary groups, both Protestant and Catholic, particularly in the fields of education and health. Private organizations, motivated by political considerations and therefore must function through such agencies as governments appoint and tolerate.

The limitations up<Mi governmental agencies are always numerous. President Kennedy would undoubtedly prefer to pursue a foreign policy of his own devising, but no President can quite do that. He has other countries to consider, friends, enemies, neutrals, those with which we have commitments and those which are bringing pressures to bear in other directions.

He has Congress to consider. The Congress has an enormous voice in our foreign relations. For instance the President must wait for Congress to appropriate funds for all phases of the foreign policy. The President has no power of the purse. He ha.s -to go to Congress for many forms of consent and when the President is on bad terms with C(igress, his policies may be swamped for years.

Finally, the President has to consider public opinion in his own country. This Is a nation in which everyone, expert or inexpert, brilliant mind or moron and all in between, has an opinion. And all vote on Election Day, A President, therefore, cannot flout public opinion no matter how stupid Its expression may be.

President Kennedy, at this moment, faces the Russian problem with three possibilities:

1. A negotiated peace with considerable compromise on both sides on major issues:

2. Stand firm but do nothing drastic;

3. Go to war.

All three are unpleasant and except for war, no decision can be final. When two opptments are evenly balanced, no unilateral decision is possible, except one that brings on a war. In the next war, nuclear weapons will be used. The Russians are proving to be more formidable than was anticipated.

What decision must President Kennedy make? There are many In this country who take the position that a negotiated peace with compromise is a no win* policy. It is. But the alternative is war. Are these persons ready publicly to favor war? If so, let them say so. Those who have proposals short (rf war* can be eliminated from serious consideration. There Is no such thing as short of war, In a world of constant war. Do they believe that the Cold War is a joke?

The second proposal, that Is, to stand firm but do nothing drastic, is where we are. But we cannot stapd firm because things move too swiftly. We can put doctors and ambulances at the Wall of Shame in Berlin, (Continued on page six)

Do Workers Have Equity In Job?

By EI.MER KOE.S.SNEK

Strength For Today

The sharpening fight between railroads and the railroad un-ion.s is pivoting on the question ol whether workers have an equity in their jobs.

MEMBER, ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to use for publication aU news dispatches credited to It or not otherwus* credited to this paper and also the local news publlsneo herein. All right of publicaUon of medal dlspah hc.s hsrt are alao raservMl ^ ^

NATIONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES Thomas F. Clark Co., Inc., New York. Chicago. Atlanta Member Audit Bureau of Cliculatton.

All advertising copy must be received at least one day before puhilcatioD date.

By EARI, L. DOLGLA.S.S CALI. THE TRASH MAN

The maid came into my study lecently saying that the tiash man was at the back door and wanted his five dollars. Every month precisely on a certain day, he comes to the back door and asks for a five dollar bill. And I give it to him without argument. I wince a bit at the thouiiht of sixty dollai.N a year to have the tra.sh carried away from our bou.'ic. but when I think of what the house would be like unles.<i the trash man were on the job, I am willing to pay

Wc need other kinds of tia.sh men in addition to those who empty the barrels and can.s in which hou.se tra.sh i.s dumn-ed. Get the trashy Ixwk.s off your shelf. More go<Ki books are being w'rittcn today than have

been written in many genera-tion.s, but there is a lot of trash being produced also. Get those long cherished Piejudices out of youi mind these are tra.sh indeed. You dont like certain people just because you dont like them. This is trash. It could easily turn Into something vastly more serious and corrupting.

Leisure is a necessity of life and wc all need it for relaxation and refrc.shment. But leisure can (le'tencratc into lazy nolhlngnesis. What .stait.s out as reflection tan become faiUit-y foolish, filthy, touched with a hit of in.'Snity,

Get the ti a.:h out ol your mind, off your book shelves, out of your magazine racks, out nf y'ur thought.s a.s you dwell on injuiie.s, sllh.s, avei.sjon.s.

Call the trash man.

Railroad.s are trying to eliminate certain jobs which they maintain are iinneccs.saiy. These, they say. are featherbed jobs. There is little oi no work involved, they say; employees loll in what amounts to an industrial featherbed and draw their pay.

The unions hold the jobs are e.ssential, and that the railroads have no right to abolish fhem. This contention seem.s to rest on the theory that the men own the jobs they hold. For thf rallioad.s to fire them would pe to destroy a property right, under tbis theory. NOT NEW CONCEPT

The idea is not new. When the Wagner Act first became the law' of the land in 19.3.5, many advanced the theory that It c.s-tablished property riglit.s In job.s. But giving unions power to negotiate on. seniority, it appears to imply that, over the

years, workers gained a sort of squatter s right to their jobs.

The concept was older than that. Years before the InternationalTypographical Union succeeded in establishing what amounted to a property right to a position. A printer, once having establi.shed a tenure in a position, could put a substitute in his job and go fishing 101 organizing! for as* long as five months and 29 days. Then In could retum, work a few days, and put a sub back in his place.

There was no complete ownership, how'ever. If the sub suffered a firing penalty, the other man lo.st his job. And the ITU would stand for no sales of positions.

SENIORITY is KEY

In .sub.sequent labor legislation in Congress the principle of .seniority was .strengthened and thi.s reinforced the idea that a worker could, to an extent, pbs.soss hi.s Job.

The idea va.s reinforced by government civil .service nile.s c.stabli.'^hing bumping. Under the.se rules, if a $9,(X)0-a-year

job were abolished for economy or other reasons, the holder cotfld demandand get an equivalent job, if he qualified, held by someone else with less seniority.

And if there were no $9,-000 jobs for which he qualified <and which he liked), he could bump somebody out of a lower-pay job. If this system does not foster the idea that a worker owns a specific job. It surely Indicates that he owns a place on the government payroll.

In recent years, this concept has spread. More and more emphasis has been placed on seniority in labor contracts. Employees with * high seniority are given Increasingly greater power.s, not only to select shift.s and assignments, but to resist layoffs.

EFFECT ON AUTOMATION

This has slowed down the drive for automation. Despite what proponents say, automation doe.s result in losses of jobs.,

Companies turning to automation want young, trainable employees to run machines. But,

under union contracts, they may find that aging and possibly untralnable workers have first call on such jobs. This destroys one of the frequent goals of automation: to get rid <rf ancients who are unable to keep up with the pace. (Note, however, that many ancients frequently surpass the youngsters in skilled work.)

It is automation, to an extent. that has created the current dispute over featherbedding.

The union will probably stop short of maintaining they have property rights in a Job. But 1 they win their point in this case, the concept of property rights in jobs will be pushed a little further along.

Seme day workers may be able to lease their jobs or sell them to others. Union contracts may provide that If a company fires a man, it must pay severance pay and then buy his job back from him.

And relatives and friends may raise money to buy a good job for Johnny, just as some get together today to buy a medical practice for Dr. Jolm.If