.Wednesday, July 25, 1961

Many Factors In Tax Reduction

Although the mention of possible tax reduction sentiment for reducing federal' taxes include the always brings a wave of popular support in re- feeling that greater deficit spending should be cou-sponse, it would be unwise indeed for Congress to doned in federal operations if revenues decline?

attempt to rush through a make-shift tax cutting Also to be considered is the fact that the federal

measure in its present session without accompany- tax structure obviously needs a thorough overhauling common sense measures as well. ing and modernization. It has grown much like topsy

In and out of Congress there remains consider- over the years and now contains many antiquated able sentiment for passage of a measure this ye&r well as complicated if not contradictory pro to reduce federal taxes. Sen. Humphrey has asserted visions. ^

Would a hurry-up reduction in taxes during the current session of Congress preclude the possibility of a much-needed overhaul of the entire tax structure next year?

It would be a considerable chore in itself for Congress to agree on any tax-cutting provisions be-

This Should Be Interesting

Many

Within

Conflicts

C&D

a personal poll by him indicates a majority of the Senate is in favor of such action.

There is considerably more to be considered, however, than merely slicing a chunk from the federal revenue package. Is Congress prepared to take such action without a corresponding reduction in federal spending for the new fiscal year? Does the tween now and the time it is expected to adjourn

early in September. It would be a considerably more time-consuming task for Congress to work out the tax reductions it thinks wise, and also trim proposed federal spending sufficiently to compensate for the tax reduction. If the attempt- were made, it is not likely that either of these matters would receive the careful and considered attention they need before a decision of such importance is made.

Since any tax reduction legislation written in this session of Congress would not become effective until January anyway, it would appear the wise course for congressional committees to give study to the matter between sessions and have proposals ready for consideration when Congress reconvenes in January.

It is not enough for Congress merely to reduce federal revenues without giving consideration to the red figures in the federal operations that would result unless spending is likewise reduced. Neither is it enough for Congress merely to grant tax concessions here and there without giving the entire federal tax structure the careful overhaul that is obviously needed.

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

There Is

If harmful, adverse effects arc discovered.

PHOSPHATES The C&D flirt or tugging In o{^^ite di- approved leasing of

rMUon, In nany of the mat^ sections o( the bottoms of the

Pamlico and Pungo rivers in

ters C(fronting agencies erf the far-flung department erf conservation and development.

Basically this conflict is between conservation em one hand and development em the other.

One might say it was conservation versus development.

It is both the duty of the C&D department to look after proper conservaUon of the states natural resources and to promote their development and the economy of the state.

Determining the greater public interest is the basis on which such c(mfllcts have to be resolved. At least that is the intent and purpose.

POLITICAL The conflicts of course range beyond the department of conservation and de-vel(g>ment and related agencies, to the governor and council of state, to the legislature and to the halls of Congress.

There are special Interests, groups of interest, pressures and politics involved.

These conflicts are political In the true sense of the word In that the public interest, public resources and public officials are concerned.

Countless conflicts arise almost dally in which the state government is Involved and in which the public interest Is at stake.

A number of these are settled quickly and without a great deal of public attention. In most the Issues arc clear-cut. But there are also many which develop Into major, widely-publicized controversies which stay in the headlines for months.

Here are a few of them, currently raging, with a brief review of the status of each: DREDGING Dredging oyster shells from tte Albemarle Snund. The Issue involved Is whether such dredging operations will be harmful to commercial fishing in the area, or whether the dredging of the shells can be turned Into a profitable, growing Industry with related benefits.

A pilot project has been approved by the C&D board and a sUidy of the effects of dredging on the waters of the Sound and its fish population wiU be made before approval Is given for full scale shell dredging. The CJeD Board approved the pilot project after four public hearings.

Before a lease is signed for full-scale dredging operations, the matter must go to the governor and council of state and then back to the C&D board for final approval.

Brtore this happens, the Institute of Commercial Fisheries will be making a study of the effect of the pilot dredging operation, the amount of silt stirred up, Its flow, settling of sediment, effects em the water and fish.

Planes and boats will keep watch. Fisheries officials say the dredging could he halted In 24 hours and would be stopped

Beaufort County to Texas Gulf Sulpher Co. and Magnet Cove Barium Co. for the mining erf rich phosphate deposits.

The leases must be approved by the governor and council of state. Opposition to the phosphate leases has come from those who contend that such mining will be harmful to fishing and have an adverse effect upon pnH?erty values.

The chairman of the C&D Boards mineral resources committee, Dan Cameron of Wilmington, says there was ample justification for approving the phosphate leases.

Camerons committee and the CStD board recommended approval by the governor and council of state, although Cameron noted that we expect further opposition.

RANGE Providing a target range in coastal North Carolina for the Air Forces fighter-bomber squadrons of the Tactical Air Command at Sejunour Johnson Air Force base.

The issue is that such a range which the Air Force wants in Hyde County would be ruinous to the rich wildlife population, principally ducks and geese in the Lake Mattamuskeet area, from which Hyde derives a great deal of its economy.

A committee has been appointed by Governor Terry San-for and Wildlife Resources chairman Robert M. Carr, headed by Chester Davis of Winston-Salem, to reappraise and study the effects of the proposed target range in the Mattamuskeet area,

MOUNTAIN One of the oldest controversies is that centering on the . S. Park Service's attempts to obtain a right of way for the Blue Ridge Parkway high on the slopes of Grandfather Mountain, owned by Hugh Morton of LinvlUe and Wilmington.

A special committee of the State Highway Commission Is making a study of the controversy between the positions taken by MorUm and the Park Service.

DAMS Controversy over the building of flood C(Hitrol dams of Crabtree Creek in the area of William B. Umstead state park near Raleigh. The state parks committee has approved a compromise based on new recommendations for the type of dam to be built in the park.

Committee chainnan Robert Scott of Haw River said that under the compromise the parts of the park reserved for nature studies and biological research would not be affected materially and at the same time the proposed system of dams would afford needed flood protection downstream.

The Parks Committee and State park officials reserved the right to make further inspection of the plans to dam the creek.

Better

By HENRY HOWARD

Special Study Slated jjoodwinking The Public

On Rural Firefighting

Much too frequently a columnist infringes upon the* rights Pitt Countys Overall Planning Committee has Jf readers who so patiently try

given recognition to an important problem whicn LS^ittempt'to*readMm faces this county by appointing a special subcom- sense into it all. mittee to study problems connected with develop- While the chore is generally meiit of rural firefighting.

In recent years the need for a more adequate system of fire protection for rural areas has been at

least partially recognized. The number of rural _________________________________

volunteer fire departments has increased sharply nist, who drsdns' his very exis-until now most sections of the county has some sort fence from dutiful refers,

of fire protection in the rural areas. Some gaps still frecen')'to^hUirhan'd S remain, but perhaps more important is the need hoodwinking his trusting audi-fcr coordinating the program for rural fire protec* ence.

tion within the county and assuring that the pro- makes it worse, is the

gressive steps which already have been taken by interested volunteers will be continued.

more or less futile, the reader still appears to feel a sense of duty to help the wretched columnist make his point.

It seems a pity, a genuine shame that the parasitic colum-

tion-

For several years the Pitt Firemens Associa-

devious method a columnist is Inclined to use to convey his dirty-work. Its hard to explain but here are some examples.

Lets say the columnist Just

-made up of members of the volunteer depart- happens to run across an insig-mentshas sought unsuccessfully to obtain various nificant little nothing that hap-

tempted to write:

One of the boys picked up one (rf those tabloid-size newspapers. He had a few minutes to spare, so he inspected quite carefully most of the editiwis 36 pages before he peered over the paper through arched eyebrows and exclaimed, Theres nothing but news about shoes in this newspaper. Apparently he Just neglected to read the largest print on the front page, Footwear News, The Industrys Only Weekly Newspaper. Then with tongue In cheek, the columnist opens his maU. He thumbs through an advance news release and extracts this: Religion editor for the Associated Press, George W. Cornell, says that the ancient Oriental religion, Buddhism, is now challenging the work of Christian missionaries in the Orient and Is training missionaries of its own to send west. He said Buddhism has penetrat-

kinds of assistance from the county government. On countless times a day. Hes each occasion they have been commended for their t-i i m

efforts to provide fire protection in rural areas, rPltor^ SpI\71TirT

congratulated for theic. achievements, and turned away with the official word that nothing more could

Preventing Scanda..

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

While Gov. Sanford has de-

Taylor Got Job !or Not Yessina

The Dsuly Reflector

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be expected from the county government.

By setting up a special subcommittee to study the problems of rural fire protection, the Overall Planning Committee has taken a step which should result in a positive and comprehensive program to dined to comment on the trial provide better protection in the rural areas. Through ^ mfiuence ped-

the efforts of the Overall Planning Committee and fd^thaT^Jl stte its special subcommittee the rural protection proD- heads are taking precautions to lems and their possible solutions can be brought see that such an incident doesnt

into much better focus for the citizens of the countv

a wholp *" Sanford was asked at his news

ao a I1V.C. conference last week what North

Carolina had done to see that no such incident as the Burch-Brewer case happened again. Department heads are charged ivith the responsibility of seeing that n one is tempted to do anything wrong, Sanford said. But what about the wrongdoing that has already happened. Department heads failed to detect that, or do anything about it.

Obviously then, something more is needed than just a restatement of policy to the effect that department heads are responsible. Certainly, theyre responsible, but somebody didnt do his Job in the recent case. The influence case wasnt a thing of short duration, which means somebody in some department was asleep for a long time while the mice played.

On the same kibject Sanford says he sees nothing wrong with considering the possibility of doing business with the sign companies put on suspension by the state during the investigation of alleged irregularities In the purchase of highway signs material. Well, perhaps theres nothing wrong with this after all, the state does intend to be fair but a close look should be taken before the government

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON AP) Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor got the second-best job of his career for looking like a yes-man. It turned out he wasnt, and he quit. Now, for not being a yes-man, he gets the best job.

This puts two strong-W'illed men in the Pentagon: Taylor, whom President Kennedy called out of retirement last year and ha.s just named chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara.

How they get along will be one of the interesting stories ahead.

In early 1955, when Taylor was commander of the Amiy forces in the Far East, he was called back to Washington without being told why. He was ushered Into the office of Secretary of Defense Charles Wilson.

In a book which he wrote laterThe Uncertain Trumpet Taylor said Wilson rambled around the bush and finally cross-examined him on his willingness to accept civilian orders,

Taylor said he reassured Wilson he never had been insubordinate'. Then President Eisenhower sent for him. asked the same question, got the same answer. The result: On June 30, 1955, Taylor was named Army Chief of staff and, as such, a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Four years later to the day he retired. In between times three things had happened.

He had protested in vain against cutting the size of the Army: he developed the idea the Joint Chiefs of Staff as such should be abolished, and he was in deep disagreement with the Eisenhower administration de-fen.se concept.

The book he wrote a year later was about that disagreement.

Briefly, he felt the administration put too much emphasis on massive retaliation. Since the United States and Russia ;iow' had the power to flatten each other, he felt, neither would voluntarily start a nuclear war.

Therefore, he reasoned, what coOld be expected from com-inunism wa.s a lot of wars small

er than the all-out kind which would require the biggest nuclear weapons.

His point w'as that this country must be prepared to cope with general atomic war, limited atomic w'ar, conventional war and guerrilla, war.

In his book he expanded on his idea that the present Joint Chiefs of Staff should be scrapped and replaced by a single defense chief of staff and an advisory board w'hich he called the supreme military council.

Congress has been opposed to the idea of a single head of the military services. The heads of those services the Joint Chiefs would never sit still for it.

Now as chairman of the Joint Chiefs a job which puta him in close contact with McNamara Taylor will have to preside over meetings if the Joint Chiefs who, he said, should not be there.

The prospect of what this may mean doesnt seem to disturb Kennedy.

One of Taylors first jobs for the President last year as hla special military adviser was to study the failure of the disastrous Cuban invasion for which Kennedy took responsibility although his Joint Chiefs had been in on the plans for it.

Late last year Kennedy sent Taylor to South Viet Nam to see what could be done to stop the Communist advance there through guerrilla war.

When Taylor returned it was understood he advised against sending American troops into Viet Nam to fight but that he did suggest sending in military help in the form of planes, military advisers and experts to tnUn the Vietnamese in guerr-rllla fighting.

Not long afterward the United Jtatcs began sending helicopters into Viet Nam theyve helped in the fighting since and troops who, among other chores that avoided direct involvement, teach guerrilla fighting.

Kennedy last year bought Taylors balance of forces Idea and cast aside massive n tallatlon" as the all-purpose philosophy.

puts Its foot right back Into the same hole.

Admittedly, it has been awkward as the governor put it, in not buying from these companies, but we like to think North Carolina can somehow struggle through without their business if need be. True, some of them, perhaps all, are clear of any connection at aU. If so, they should be able to regain the lost business.

The state hasnt done any business with the eight firms since they were suspended last January. Two of these eight and three of their officials were Initially charged with Kidd Brewer and the two Burches. The charges against the firms and their officisds were dismissed.

The government in Raleigh owes it to the people of North Carolina to see that a thorough check is made of all agencies aimed at uncovering any similar skulduggery. Knowing their responsibility isnt enough for department heads; they "should actively pursue a policy of alertness to see that clean government Is maintained in Raleigh.

There Is enough governmental and political scandal in other states: we have managed to get by without any in North Carolina until now. We dont need any more such as that recently uncovered. Gov. Sanford has been accused of opening the case for political reasons. We dont pretend to know what reasons prompted the governor to push the caseexcept to hope It was desire on his part to see clean government In Raleigh. Thats what we all want, isnt It?

ed to the . S. mainland where it can no Icmger be dismissed as a beatnik fad.* Cornell sayn that Buddhist Churches of America, an organization of the Shlnshe sect, now has 52 affiliated congregations in the United States.

The columnist pauses here. He feels there must be some additional local color he can describe. Within a few minutes, particularly if Its Monday, the columnizcr yields to the everpresent temptation, however, and plunges back into his mail:

Bud Scllick, president of the Tennessee Skydivers Club and author of a book about the new sport, says in his book that true devotees to the sport may be recognized in a second. They all hit the deck with the same silly grin on their faces, their cheeks are flushed, their eyes glisten and their chins tremble. It is a look apparently bom of joy. lust, pride and fantastic relief.'

Again the columnist pauses. This time he reviews his work (?), not for quality but to determine whether his gleanings are of sufficient quantity to fill his allotted space.

With a sheepish grin, he tears the copy from his typewriter and his planned hoodwink goes to press.

ODinions

Did you ever see a woman marry a dumb man because he'had a good shape^Dawson County (Ga.) News

Ehihortation scrawled on an advertising poster in the B.M.T.s Forty-Ninth Street station; Ban the bomb! Save the world for conventional warfare.New Yorker,

Your representativte owes you, not his industry only, but his judgement; and he betrays instead of serves you if he sacrifices it to your opinion. Edmund Burke (1774).

Thoughtful readers of what the Supreme Court actually said in the 6-1 school prayer decision will conclude that the Justices, contrary to their critics, are protecting religion by keeping government out of it.St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

The man or w'oman who is too busy to take a vacation is in for a great surprise; w'hen he, or she, dies, the W'orld will hardly miss them. Hertford Countl Herald.

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Cop^ight, 1962, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

The 1962 Cmigresaional Election must Indicate better than any poll what the aentiment of the people Is- the Democrats hold on to the Senate and the House erf Representatives, it means that, although the country may not accept the entire Kennedy program, It does not reject him.

The campaign starts early. In California the Brown-Nlxon fight Is well on its way. In Massachusetts, interest centers on the battle between Ted Kennedy and George Lodge. In Connecticut. Abraham Rlbicoff, who resigned from the Cabinet to run for the Senate, is the center of party battle.

In New York State, the Republicans have the!, candidates, ^ifelsoa Rockefeller Iwr rehelee-u Governor and Jacob Jav-its for re-election as United States Senator. The Democrats have no candidates. Every other day. a trial balloon Is sent up, but they have sH proved abortive.

To show how Impractical the Democrats are, a trial balloon was recently sent aloft for Judge Bernard Boteln. Chief Justice of the local Supreme Court. Judge Boteln is an able man, with a splendid local reputation. He Is highly respected. Judge Boteln Is Jewish; so is Arthus Levitt, the State Comptroller and the only Democrat elected in 1958 when Rockefeller was chosen as Governor.

It is Impossible to drop Levitt without political casualties: it is impractical to have two Jews (HI a ticket which must also Include an Irish Catholic, an Italian.and a Negro. Furthermore, as soon as Judge Botein becomes a candidate, even for the nomination, he must resign his Judicial office. Governor Rockefeller would Immediately appoint the able and respected Judge Charles Breltel as Chief of the newly reorganized Courts, which would give the Republicans control of the Courts.

The Democrats in New York are split among Old Timers,' New Dealers, Reformers and Kennedyltes. Into this situation steps an astute labor leader, Alex Rose, head of the Liberal Party. Rose Is unusual. He has a broad understanding of national Interests; he is not subject to extremist pressures. Secure in his position and status, he moves wisely among the squabbling factions not only with the assurance that he can deliver the Liberal Party vote but also with the knowledge that when there is a leadership vacuum, wise men turn to a respected person for leadership. Alex Rose may turn out to be the catalyst among the fighting Democrats.

Two dark horses appear in this situation. Frank Hogan, long bipartisan District Attorney of New York, is definitely a candidate If the party Is willing. There Is not one thing that can be said against Frank Hogan. But the question is asked: can he defeat Governor Nelson Rockefeller? His partisans say yes: others say, no.

The other dark horse Is James A. Farley, former Postmaster General and one of the most popular human beings In New York State. It is generally agreed that many Republicans, unhappy about Rockefeller, would vote for Farley. The principle objection to Farley is that he is 74 years of age, but a man who can attend about 120 public dinners a year and travel all over the world for the Coca-Cola Company has an intestinal fortitude which many a younger man would envy.

I cite these instances as examples of what a Presidents any Presidents fate may depend upon. If Nixon carries California and Rockefeller carries New York, the contest between them will strengthen Kennedy. If Rockefeller carries New York but Nixon fails in California, Rockefeller will be the Republican candidate against Kennedy. It is this eventuality which the Democrats wish to avoid.

The defeat of the Medicare Bill may be the most fortunate occurrence for the Kennedy Administration. The various historians attached to this Administration think in broad national terms; politics is the art of controlling men in the United States, on a local level. The obstetrician who delivered every man and woman in his village during the past 50 years

(Continued on page live)

Some Dislike Costly Packaging

By ELMER ROESSNER

The public isnt entirely happy about new and costly pack-a^g, according to a survey of chain store and wholesale buyers made in the New York area by Audits & Surveys Co., for Pood Enterprises, Inc., food brokers of Rye, N.Y.

The buyers were asked whether consumers are aware that the complex consumer package Increases the price of products. Just over half said yes, a third said no and the remainder said they didnt know.

Those who said that the consumer is aware of the cost factor were asked whether consumers are willing to pay the extra cost for the added convenience. All said yes. CONSUMER.S CONCERNED

Three out of every four buyers said they hear from consumers about packaging.

What they hear l.s a fairly even mixture of complaints and compliments: half the buyers

described what they hear as mostly favorable, Just under half said w'hat they hear is mostly unfavorable,! and the balance described consumer comments about packaging as mixed, the report on the survey said.

The favorable comment was mostly about convenience, al* though some said modern packaging is attractive, fresh looking.

The report added: The listing of unfavorable comments runs longer. Most often men-tl(Micd, by one out of every four buyers, is what one (ialled misleading sizes.* Next most frequent complaint was failure of pressurized cans to work. Other criticl.sms: 'failure to live up to clalm.s, spoilage, loss of quality. One buyer referred to the cost factor. He said the c(mti-plalnts he hears have to do with overpricing.

PACKAGING RANKS FOURTH

The supermarket and wholesale buycLs generally said that packaging alone could not sell

a product. Of various jsales factors, they ranked advertising, product quality and price ahead of packaging.

More than nine out of every ten buyers reported that postwar packaging innovations have Increased sales of goods. Pressurized cans were ranked first In increasing sales, followed by plastic bottles, flip-top cigarette boxes and boil-in-the-bag foods.

Other innovations credited with Increasing sales were transparent film wrappings, canned soft drinks, no-deposit bottles and portion-c(Hitrol packages.

It may seem strange that the survey was made of chain and wholesale buyers rather than of consumers themselves. But on second thought, those are second thoughtj, those are the the men who determine what the consumer can buy. If they dont .stock it, It is difficult for coivsumers to buy It.

There have been other studies on the cost of packaging, but an all-out examination of the

matter is yet to be made. No private enterprise organization, no foundation, no university or no governmental agency has yet come up with answers to the questions of how many more slices of Canadian bacon the shopper could get for the same price if the packer were not backing the bacon with cardboard, sealing jt in. plastic and then enclosing all in a waxed, window box that conceals the fat, or how many crackers a shopper would get for 35 cents If they were vended out of a barrel.

UNCLE SAMS STAMP BOOK NEW EDDITION OUT SOON The Post Office Departments best-seller, Postage Stamps of the United States, will appear in a new edition August 1. fit Illustrates and describes all I issues from the first in 1847 through the Nursing conomemo-ratlve of 1961.

It will be available from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25. D.C., for $1.25.