Friday, July 13, 1962

Mqjor Asset Another Step Nearer

Before And After

UNt>Fft COkWi^L RULE -

V. V I - .

Party

Approval by the Board of Conservation and Development of another phosphate mining lease in Beaufort County brings one step closer the day when Eastern Carolina may realize the tremendous economic benefits from the vast mineral store in Beaufort.

Previously the C and D Board had given its approval to the lease of a tract of river bottom in the Pamlico to Texas Gulf Sulphur Co. At its meeting this week it approved the lease of three tracts in the Pungo River bottom to Magnet Cove Barium company for phosphate mining even though royalty offered the state from phosphate mined was not nearly as generous as that offered by Texas Gult Sulphur.

Although the proposal to legase portions of the river bottoms in the Beaufort County area for phosphate mining has stirred highly vocal opposition, there is no doubt that an overwhelming number of people in that immediate area favor leasing the river bottoms for phosphate mining. In spite of assertions from opponents of the proposal that the mining will ruin the rivers, it is evident that safeguards will be taken by the mining companies and the Stream Sanitation Commission to see that the

nomic opportunity. The development of this mineral resource will also be important to other counties of Eastern Carolina which will receive secondary benefits from a major industry in Beaufort County.

Even with approval of the leases by the C and D Board, however, several hurdles remain before the leases can be finalized and the companies can begin their mining operations. The leases still must be approved by the Governor and the Council of State. We trust Gov. Sanford and members of the Council of State recognize the importance of the development of phosphate deposits in Beaufort County, and will give their approval to the leases.

Such approvalwhich would clear the way for the development of a major industrywould be in th^ best interest of the people of Beaufort County, Eastern North Carolina and the state.

No Ground For Fears In Light Of The Facts

T

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Vatlaw

operations are not armful to the rivers.

The phosphate mining industry offers for Beaufort County what is perhaps its greatest eco-

urisdiction

In Protectina

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES TURTLES It is the time of year, when the July moon is waxing full, that the sea turtles crawl onto the beaches in North Carolina and, without protection, lall prey to man and beast.

Pew if any other creatures of the ulld have ateolutely no protection under the laws of North Carolina, either fnan hunters or those who molest the turtles and destroy the eggs.

They will come In numbers, but in numbers which are decreasing, following an Instinct as old as the sea itself, clambering onfe the sandy beaches on Vie Southeast coast the Brunswick County beaches in particular.

The huge turtles come ashore at night, during the full mo<i of midsummer, and leave a trail plainly visible in the moonlight. to scoop out a hole in which to lay the eggs. There is hardly a creature as helpless as a sea turtle on the beach, and they are easy prey. Their bulk and shell are their only protection and flipping one over makes It immobile.

PROTECT There is talk among biolc^ts and naturalists that the Wildlife Resources Commission may be asked to determine what if any protection may be afforded the turtles.

Apparently there is nothing that can be done, unless the right to protect the turtles is written by the legislature, and tills would bring up the ques-ti(Mi of whether it is in the province of the state to do this.

This problem of jurisdiction arose again at a Wildlife Commission meeting the other day. Involving permits 'and regulations for holding captive bears on the Cherokee Indian reserva-ticHi in Western North Carolina.

Of course, the basic question of areas of jurisdiction is not similar in comparing the captive bears and the sea turtles on the Brunswick County beaches. Actually, protecting the sea (turtle may be much easier. There may be no questitm at all.

BEAR But as soon as the caged bear problem was mentioned, (me commissioner wanted to know if the bears were on the Indian lands. I dont believe we ought to have anything to do with them on the reservation, he declared.

Those Indians are hard to deal with, said another.

Another commissioner suggested the matter ought to be taken up with the tribal council at Cherokee before the state attempted to take any action.

There was a clear feeling that the Indians have the right to

regulate their own affairs, and should do it. There was apprehension of trouble if the state stepped in and sent its wildlife protectors to supervise and regi ate the caging of bears on the Qualla reservaticm.

PUBLICITY What makes the problem acute is the number of cjomplaints and unfavorable publicity being heaped on the state because of the conditions in w'hich the bears are caged, and the way they are treated.

Bears along the roadside are a lure for tourists in the tourist-conscious area, and every filling station and roadsid- curio shop or souvenir stand wants one.

The Wildlife Commission and other state officials receive scores of complaints each summer about cruel and inhumane treatment of the bears. There also are a few reports about children being bitten or clawed, since the bears stand for just so much teasing and taunting.

The bears have given up a difficult time for some time. Wildlife Ehcecutlve director Clj'de Patton said. Finally, he said, there appears a solution to the problem of whether the state can do anything about it.

REQUEST For the first time, the Interior Departments bureau of Indian affairs has given the state a green light. Interior secretary Stewart Udall himself, from a state with a big Indian population, notified North Carolina officials that Interior is prepared to cooperate in enforcing state regulations for holding wdld animals in captivity.

Actually. Patton said, protectors believe there are only four cases on the Indian reservation which have caused the complaints. resulting in the situation in North Carolina being described as the worst in the country insofar as cruelty to wild animals is concerned.

He suggested waiving any question as to whether the bears now (;aged were taken illegally, although almost all of them were. Issue temporary permits to the owners, he said, and give them a certain time in which to remedy the situation.

In the future, he suggested tagging bears for identification purposes and prohibiting illegal capture of bears. He suggested an ear tag.

The Wildlife Commission was not W'illing to take any action right away, chiefly because of the way the Indians might react, but promised to take up the matter next month. And if it approves, another problem wl arise immediately :

Who is going in the cage and tag the bears?

It appears to us a little far-fetched to picture the proposed community colleges for North Caro-lina as a threat to private and church supported junior colleges in the state.

North Carolinas need for college and junior college facilities has grown tremendously in recent years and the growth pattern appears to be certain on an accelerated scale in the years ahead. With growth demands and increased cost of operations, private colleges have been pressed to find new financial resources just as state-supported vcolleges have been pressed to meet the demands made upon them by an increasing number of applicants.

In response to the' need for more facilities for higher education in North Carolina a number of new church-affiliated colleges have been established in the state in recent years and they have made significant progress. Private colleges have played and will continue to play an important role in . higher education in the state.

It should b"e realized, however, that North Carolina has much to do before it reaches the point where its college facilities will outdistance the demands of young people for a college = education. Only one state in the union has few'er of its college-age young people actually in college than North Carolina. We rank 49th among the 50 states in the percentage of college-age youths actually going to college.

This factor, plus the increasing demands for college education created by higher requirements for jobs, and the increasing financial ability of youngsters to go to college, all point to a significant and steady growth in college enrollment in the state for many years to come.

The community colleges will fill a need that is not nov, being filled in North Carolina. Rather than being a threat to either private junior colleges or four-year colleges in the state, they will be an important supplement to the private and state-supported educational institutions North Carolina has.'

^ UHOER ALC/AA/HOMe

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By DON SCHLIENZ

One Of Georgias Faces

The infrequent traveller suffers from a terrific compulsion.

He must tell somebody (and sometimes everybody) about his recent jaunt to far-off places.

There is an obvious reason: his senses have absorbed such an overwhelming and unaccustomed array of new scenes, new sounds and new impressions he is bedazzled. It is now difficult to concentrate on the business a.t hand without fleeting and disconnected images relative to the trip intruding into the outskirts of his field of thought.

Describing a trip is thus very therapeutic (if listeners will listen), for in the telling and retelling those experiences and impressions become catalogued, graded and filed in their proper niche of the memory field.

A degree of order is thus restored and our travellers attention can be again focused on the mundane things of day-to-day living in familiar surroundings.

Its like a psychiatrists couch, except the narrator is

Other Editors Saying... Motes On Democracy

More Needling Sure To Come

(Richmond News-Leader)

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) Premier Khrushchev sounds stale but stuck. But, since hes a jolly man with more needles than a dressmaker, hell probably poke one in the West soon again just to see it jump.

This week in Moscow he talked more than two hours without saying anything new. Yet, just because hes Khrushchev, he made front pages all over America, which is getting pretty good meage out of a rehash.

He sounds stuck on three points: Military spending, nuclear testing, and Berlin.

The military spending is using up money hed like to put into the Russian economy but cant because, as he made clear, Russia is going to keep on Increasing its armaments.

Last May the Soviet govem-met boosted meat prices 30 per cent, butter prices 25 per cent to pay for new farm equipment and explained to the people this had to be done because the money could not come out of military spending.

- Although the American economy is bumbling a bit. Congress this year voted another $13 billion for missile purchases, and on Wednesday the Senate authorized almost another $4 billion for the space program.

Khrushchev could save him-.self a lot of money by agreeing with the United State.s to disarmament. The trouble here Ls that the kind he wants the United States wont buy and the kind this country W'ants he won't touch.

He w'ent through all this in hi.s .speech He w'ants di.sarm-ament without the inspecton sy.stem that the United Rfate.s insists is nece.>\sary l>efore it agrees to disarm, to prevent

cheating.

In mid-June the 17-nation disarmament conference wound up three months of getting nowhere in a barrage of charges and countercharges but will cheerfully resume talks again next Monday without any more sign of agreement than it had before.

Nevertheless. Khrushchev admitted to feeling the economic pinch. He said, We are by no means happy that we have to spend so much effort and resources on the production of modem weapons.

But. to Justify it, he said the West is planning preventive war. And he frankly stated the Soviets will continue building up their nuclear stockpiles.

'The Russians last fall suddenly announced an end to a voluntary ban on nuclear testing and began testing.

. The reason may have been that they felt the West was getting ahead in the fine art of nuclear destruction and they couldnt afford to be outdone. In turn, the United States, not to be outdone either, resumed testing.

Without mentioning what Russia did. Khrushchev denounced the United States for w'hat It did.

Last summer Khrushchev created a new crisis In Berlin, and it turned into an ugly one. He backed away from an explosion. And there hasnt been a settlement. Since this was a setback for him its no w'onder he keeps thinking about it.

In his speech he suggested the Western allies get their tro(r)s out of West Berlin and let them be replaced by troops from two Russian .satellites. Poland and Czechaslovakla, along with Norwegian and Danish or Dutch ((Continued on Page 5)

Back in April, we commented upon that remarkable performance at Carnegie Hall when pianist Glenn Gould played the Brahms D Minor Concerto with the New York Philharmonic. Conductor Leonard Bernstein announced to a startled audience that Mr. Gould had his own ideas of how the concerto should be played very slowly, and very spftlyand though he himself thought this wrong, he was going to let Mr. Gould have his way. And he did.

We have been thinking about the incident ever since, and on reflection, have found it hot so surprising that such a simplistic view of democracy should have entered the concert hall. Why not? It crops up everywhere else.

This is the view that has turned education upside down, giving any student the right to equal recognition of his views from a teacher. This is the view that gives a tribal hope toward statehood the same authority and voting power as the United States in the UN General Assembly.

Recently, the president of "Vassar created a storm by suggesting that the sexual morality of Western civilization should play some normative role In the conduct of Vassar girls. The school paper informed the President that there are many different views on the matter, and that each girl <of course) has a right to her own.

Having ones own view has now replaced that antiquated occupation known as seeking for ti-uth. What did the Creator intend? That is as irrelevant as the question, what did the composer intend? The important thing is that everyone express himself. exercise his right to his own view. This, we are told, is democracy.

If Mr. Bernstein had been consistent, he would have let

every member of his orchestra play according to his own private vision. Why restrict this right to one performer? Let us have the courage of our eccentricities, turn a concerto or concerted action) into a disperso. Some may call the result cacophony, but we must give it the name democracy, and admire it. If the Vassar girls are to be consistent, they must not respect legal protection from rape or robbery: this is only the expression of a different moral viewpoint. The result will be chaos, but we can redeem that with a word democracy.

Is democracy a mere chaos of private whims collected in a permissive atmosphere? The founders of our republic were afraid this might be the words ultimate meaning, so they tended to avoid itvS use. When they did speak of democracy, they gave the word a very different meaning. But this is a distinction so blurred, now, that it was considered a quibble or anachronism when a citizen tried to print on his mail This is a Republic, not a democracy. The truculent fellow was making a controversial statement. He should have known that the only way to stamp this message on envelopes would be to supply the print and Ink for a footnote at the bottom of the letter, saying:

"This is an expression of one mans opinion, valuable because it gives vent to his view, but in no way related to that thing known as the United ' States. Naturally, the Post Office cannot be held responsible for individual opinion, though It will uphold his right to have an opinion.

Needless to say. this footnote would somewhat blunt the point he was trying to make. In fact, it would reverse the saying, and indicate that, sad io say, this Is becoming a democracy and not a republic.

either standing or sitting.

All of which is a prelude to dredging out a few of my own mental notes which wont fade away. I spent most of last week out of the state, a trip about which much has been said and written...

But not everything.

For instance:

My love affair with the State of Georgia was wholly unexpected.

The Georgia I saw on either side of the highway between Atlanta and Jacksonville was breathtaking,

Atlanta was a rich and varied city...with scores of indusBlal plants In gleaming new buildings; and It is a banking and insurance center, too...emphar sized by dozens of handsome buildings bearing names of large financial concerns. There were miles of shaded streets with estates and homes of dazzling wealth...great shopping centers...and expressway traffic that made me cringe.

Lloyds of London once predicted Atlanta would become the largest city in the United States, and It may well be.

But motoring southeastward we travelled through a gently rolling land Tar Heels would appreciate. There were the familiar farm fields, but it would have been the hundreds upon hundreds of acres dejfoted to peach orchards that would catch the eye.

Those trees were tended as a garden. They looked healthy, productive and rich. Roadside stands were selling great big peaches that made me yearn; but we didnt stop.

The pecan groves were similarly breath-taking . . . beautifully cared for, flourishing and stretching for miles. Again, It was a case of trees being cultivated as in a garden.

But it was the visual evidence of years and years-of refores-tration that stunned. There were millions of pines . . . planted over the years , , . sections of big trees, medium-sized trees and seedlings. All representing vast labor and vast resources.

The route was littered with small towTis which bore a common stampcomfort and cleanliness.

We ate well in Georgia . . . a fact which my belt has not yet forgotten.

E\ery state has many faces.

A different route would have doubtless shown us another face of Georgia. But I was filled with admiration for the one we saw last week.

A Goq..

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Copsnrlght, 1962, King Features Syndicate. Lie.

Hi New York State, the C<m-servative Party has not only appeared on the scene but has actually named a candidate to oppose Jacob Javits for United States Saiator. The candidate is Robert Hiomjison PeH of Ti-conderoga.

Pell .will, of course, n<ri; bo elected, Nevertheless, this Is a declaration of po(Ucy and purpose and the new party win have some Influence up<m the coming election.

Pell Is a career diplomat who has served In the State Department in nuuny Important posi-tkms. His war record Is enviable. His la presently professor of international relationa Fordham University.

Regarding his candidacy, Pell said:

The Ccmservative Party of New York State has asked me to be their candidate for United States Senator. I have accepted their call. As a man who has spent most of his mature life in the service of our country, I believe passi(xiately In democracy. I believe equally vigorously that democracy can survive only If there Is discussion and debate of the fun(la-mental issues of our time In the foreign and domestic fields. Now there can be no discussion and there is less debate if the Republican Party becomes the craven Image of the Democratic Party as it has become in New York with Nelscm Rockefeller In Albany and Jacob Javlts In the United States Senate.

This is a challenge to the emptiness of the Republican position in New York State, where there is no ideological difference between the Republican and Democratic parties. In fact, it seems to make no sense to hold an election because the csmdld-ates of both parties say the. same thing, differing only in that each wants to be elected and the voters can only choose one of them.

Robert Thompson Pell. In his statement, made the point:

I am the first to agree that there must be certain decencies and some decorum in the debate of foreign issues. But I do not accept for one single minute that this means that a Republican Legislator should, as Jacob Javits has during his entire Congressional career, Join the vanguard of radical Democrats in urging the United States upon a course of suicidal appeasement.

This, then, is the crux of the Conservative position. It attacks suicidal appeasement.

It will appeal to those Americans v;ho do not believe in tacit .surrender to Soviet Russia. Should such a party, in 1962, gather 300,(X)0 votes, it will undoubtedly dominate the Republican Party in 1964. much as the Liberal Party in New York State now dominates the Democratic Party.

The question arises as to whether the Conser\'ative Party will develop enough political knowhow during the 1962 campaign to achieve this goal or even better. It is to be noted that many of the Liberal Party leaders had had some political experience either in the Socialist Party or in trade unions or in the New Deal, llowever, none of its leaders were technicians in local politics. Nevertheless, Alex Rose, its strategist, is regarded in New York City as one of the most astute political leaders this city has known in years.

The Conservatives therefore have a right to assume that they can build a similar t^-pe of leadership during the 1962 campaign to carry them forv'ard in 1964.

In their fonnative period, the Conservatives were advised to give up their party and work within the Republican Party. This made very little sense because they would be absorbed in the Republican Party and forgotten. They could only gain strength within the Republican Party by being outside of it. bv bringing pres.sure upon Republican leaders if they produced enough votes to be important.

It is most interesting that the attack Is made on Senator Ja-vlts. This obviously is to give the Conservative Party an immediate platform to deal with (Continued on page five)

Welfgrism In Free Enterprise

trength For Today

By EARL L. DOlJiiLA.SS A 8IGNIU ANT DIFFERENCE

There i.s a profound difference between principle and policy, although there are millions of people in the world who need to learn this truth.

A principle is something per-manent, usually something eternal. It is a fundamental truth, a comprehensive law or doctiine from which doctrines arc derived or upon which others arc founded.

A policy, on the other hand, is a .scheme or device, an administration or procedure found by experience to be vise and useful Piinciple.s never chance, polirie.s are changing all the time.

There i.s a l.vpe of person who always pets him.self, or herself, into tronhle by insi.sting that cer-tain propo.sed cour.se.s of action are ba.sed on principle whereas they are based on nothing but

policy. The.se people pound on the table and cry out, It l.s a matter of principle, whereas all the time it is only a matter of policy. You know t'he type the tyrannical boss, the unreasonable spouse, the politician in the last day.s of a hot campaign. It is a matter of principle, principle, principle.

Principles are the methods God (or nature) has ordained, whereas policies are rule.s laid down by men for the more efficient conduct of affairs in mill, office, government, or home.

Dont be a table-pounder and a shricker. You are fooling-, no body and persuading nobody. You ar only lowering youreclf In the c.stlmate of others and de.stro.vlng whatever confidence Uiey might otherwise have In your judgment.

Principle and policy always keep them separated.

By EI.MER ROES.SNEH

One of the battle cries of the United States in its running war W1 communism is "free enterprise. Its a nice catchy cliche to rally round boys and handy to drop into Independence Day .speeches and Congressional oratory.

It also has very real meaning. One aspect of that meaning is that a free enterpiLse man. working to Improve his and his familys lives, is a hai;(i- er, more effective, more infgi-native and moi'^e'' (iedlcated worker than his communist counterpart who owns nothing, works for his government and is doled out his livelihood by bureaucrats.

What is causing American businessmen, economists and go\Trnment concern these days Ls that this concept is .still accepted in .principle but less and less In practice.. Too many people are losing their enterprise and relying on a growing, Increasingly complex and often Inadequately admlni.stered welfare program.

GROWING iRRESIONsmiLl-TV

That one man with 13 children may make more money from relief programs than when he works i.snt Important. That auotlier iiiau prefers to work half a year and collect unehi-ployment insurance the other half is not vital. The cause for uneasiness is that there are so many people like this now in America and they .seem to be Increasing in numbi'r.

The Fir.st National City Bank in its July news letter, has compiled some facts and figures on welfare programs. Taken individually, they are not very exciting. Lumped together, theyre disquieting.

The bank reports that total annual public social- welfare Jumped 170 per cent from $13,-844.000.000 in 19.50 to $37..345,-(KH).(HM) in 1961, New forms of assistance, such as aid to tlie disabled and medical care for the aged, have been added during the period.

. hk;h tax rukden

No one expect.s to cut down on the scope of thi.s a.ssi.stanee. Most of it is valid and defensible. What is W'fong Is the amounts being di.stributed in

cases and the way It Ls distributed. Many times it is too ea.sy to get assistance and many times the level of payments Is too highencouraging the less enterprising to take It easy at the expense of re-spon.sible workers.

First National City Bank of New York w'rttes that the tax on the worker (including employer taxes, which economists feel comes out of the worker's potential pay anyway) to support these programs Is now at *6'4 per cent on the first $4,8(X) earned each year. This will go up to 7>4 per cent next year, to 8V4 per cent in 1966 and to 9'4 per cent in 1968.

According to the bank, under the Presidents proposal to provide medical benefits to pensioners under the social security system, the tax base would be raised from $4,800 to $5,200 and the tax rate by one-quarter of one per cent each for the employee and the employer.

Abraham Rlblcoff. Secretary of Health. Education, and Wel-fair. feels that 10 per cent Ls just about as hlgii a.s you can go in taxing workeri for wel

fare purposes. ADMINISTRATIONS RE-FORM.S

To be fair, the Administration is attempting refonns in the welfare field and Is trying to get more families off welfare rolls through Job rehabilitation. It wants to require work of those receiving relief. It Ls also trying to prevent welfare abuses and to get high caliber people to operate public assistance programs.

However, it is also pushing to broaden certain areas of relief and unemployment benefits.

Broader reform is needed. As the First National City Bank of New York puts It, Today, many people are discouraged fom putting forth their best efforts because the fruits of their labors are taken away in high taxes. Employers are discouraged from offering more Jobs by rising .cpsts, Including payroll taxes . . . Handing out generous welfare benefits to Idle people while Imposing heavy tax burdens on those who work and create can only discourage ambition and respon-Blbllltjr.