THuptdty Nov*mb*f 28, 1968

Despite Strife, We Are Blessed

Jimny Americans on this Thanksgivng Day are all too conscious of what we do not have rather than tho blessinirs we have received.

Somehow in the materialistic society in which we live, attention has focused not on the blessings, but on the shortcomings; not on what we have to be thankful for, but upon the luxuries someone else has which we do not enjoy. Too many of us are so busy complaining about our lot in life that we never find time to contemplate the blessing of life itself. We have become a nation of pople who feel we are entitled by right to so many things that we convince ourselves we have been put upon if we do not have everything we desire.

How does one explain the irony of a people so blessed with the good things of life that their hearts are filled not with gratitude for their bless-

Negro' Schools Will Have Place

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

Reflector Rakigh Burets

RALEIGH - The SUte Board of Higher Ediicatioo took a hard, close look at traditionally Negro coUeget and Universities and found there is a place for them.

It said the Negro institutions *'are rendemig a real ervioe* and that to dose or

WHUAM

SHIRES

Shases them out would not fur-her the cause of equal educational opportunity.

A full section of the Boards long-range planning study report is devoted to the future role of the states flve public Negro institutions. Considereo in the study were suggestions to close these schools, to merge Negro institutions with other senior colleges nearby, that one or all of toe Negro institutions become black colleges devoted to black culture, to leave them as they arc. The Board concluded that it not In the best interest of the state to follow any of them.

New Roles It said the institutions should be contained in a form and with a spirit quite different from anything they have known in toe past.

On the otoer hand It said they should be continued only if sufficient support is provided to enable a radical transformation It predicted a period of transition lasting from 10 to 15 years diaing which the institutions will seek new rdes and raise their standards.

This period, it said, should be characterized by a number of programs which will result in a f<ffward leap. Faculties Needed The fact tiiat racial segregation has been ended in public institutkos failed to convince the Board that the Negro institiitkxtt should be pbt-sed out In 1167, R pointed out the festitutioBS enrtdkd 10,455 stu

dentspredominantly black. The Board found it unlikely that the bulk (tf these students could be placed in predominantly white institutions even with large scale remedial and compensatory programs. It also said there is serious question whether many of the black students would willingly attend predominantly white institutions. .

It said studies indicate that most students at Negro institutions in the South do not thiid[ wen of white institutions in their area. Further, experience in other states suggests that where Negro institutions are closed th^e tends to be a decrease in the number of Negroes going to college.

Strong Attachment

The report cites a strong attachment to the Negro institutions and strong community and alumni suppcx-t for them. In the years ahead, it said, these can be valuable assets.

In long-range development of the higher educational system, the physical facilities described as goodw? 11 be needed. The Board predicted that during the next 20 years enrollment at piAlic senior institutions may well double.

New Roles Achieving transformation of the Negro institutions, the Board said, will require a great deal of talent and imagination and continuous, major financial support.

It said new methods and new ideas will be needed in developing creative programs. Most of the additional financial support must be expected from legislative appropriations although toe institutions themselves may turn also to foundations, alumni and federal funds.

The report quoted the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) that Ne^o institutions need more imagination and more resources but that their financial support is below average. Even is average, SREB said, it would be inadequate.

The North Carolina study said the first step should be to close toe gap in average salaries between the Negro institutions and predominantly vHiite schoolstiien, in order to recruit the talent needed, to make salaries nationally competitive.

The Daily Reflector

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FubfiMtod Monday Through Friday ARfnoons and Sunday Momlng

DAVID JULIAN WHKXARO, Chairman of tha Board

JOHN S. WHICHARD-OAVID J. WHICHARD

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upon

ings, but with greed and resentment that they do not have more?

How that attitude contrasts with the grateful hearts of these Pilgrims Who paused to celebrate the first Thanksgiving. By the bearest thread they had been able to cling to life during their first year in a new and savage land. There was hardly a family which had not buried one of its oyvn at the edge of the village. Not one of that group of men, women and children who gathered for the Thanksgiving feast had not known the pangs of hunger in the preceding months. In addition to all the other hardships they endured, each had faced the very real threat of death by starvation.

Yet they found much for which to be thankful. The very breath of life itself was a blessing. Those hardships endured were in themselves blessings for which to be thankful rather than a pestilence to be cursed.

And what of us who today pause for the traditional day of Thanksgiving? In our minds trained in materialism, do w^e seek to stride a balance between bounty we enjoy and all the things we do not have? Do we differentiate between what we believe we are entitled to and what else we might not have to decide whether we have been blessed?

There is not one American today who does not have much for which to be thankful. There is not one American today who could, even with the aid of a computer, tote up the blessings which life in this land has offered. There is not one whose heart should not be overflowing with gratitude to a gracious God for the blessings that have been showered upon him.

Where are the grateful hearts today which acknowledge the blessings of life even in the midst of laughter and plenty, hardship and strife, war and upheaval?

Robert Scott Showed Diversified Strength

Bob Scotts diversified political strength in North Carolina is much more evident from the number of counties in which he received a'majority of the votes in the recent gubernatorial election than in the 84,000 vote total by which he defeated his Republican opponent Jim Gardner.

Governor-elect Scott carried 67 of North Carolinas 100 counties, leaving only 33 for his opponent. Of those in the Gardner column, only eight were in the East where Gardner had anticipated considerable strength iji his bid to become the first Republican governor since reconstruction. The other 25 Gardner counties were mostly in the western

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Already Have! HAVir

ART BUCHWALD

;iianksgiving Explainec.

(Because of the lerioua franc situation Im using again my column on explain-

Piedmont and eastern mountain region, traditional ^ Ibanksgiving Day to toe GOP strongholds.

While this lopsided county victory for Scott in the general election was not as sweeping as his

county total in the Democratc primary in which he ^

was high man in all but a handful of the 100 coun- ~ . tt l

ties, it reiterated a broad base of strength for the KP/nP inPT AnH

new governor-elect.

It suggests that Scott will have to view North Carolina as a whole rather than particular sections (Tulsa, Okla., Tribune) of the state as he considers any political debts in A nationwide, four - year the next four years. Equally important, it suggests study by experts has confirm-that Scotts program as governor will be oriented worst fears of most

to the needs of every section of the state.

French people. This holiday which means so much to us is incomprehensible to toem, and I sincerely believe if tiie French could undentand

Thanksgiving, they could un^ derstand us.)

WASHINGTON - One of our most important holidays is Ibanksgiving Day (known

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BUCHWALD

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By DONALD B. THACKREY

SANTA CRUZ, Calif. (UPI) When this years sen i o r s graduate from the University of California at Santa Cruz, they wont have an A to their name or even a B or a C for that matter.

None of these students will have grades.

The school, one of the nine campuses of .C. was started in the fall of 1965 on the pass-fail tystem. In other words, there are no letter grades given, no percentages, no class ranking just pass or fail.

First To Finish This years gradual i n g class will be the first to complete a full four - year course under the system, which was set up for five years as an experiment But it is a cinch that it will be kept, says Peter Braun, a senior. It is liked by the faculty and the stud

ents both.

The pass - fail system is one of the things that brought me here, says Nancy Coleman, a junior from Santa Monica.

One of the questions brought up by the system was how it would affect people who wanted to go on with post - graduate work. But apparently it has not worked against them since graduates have been accepted by Harvard Law School, University of Minnesota, Oxford, University of Colorado and University of Chicago, among others, a spokesman said.

Other schools, such as Reed College in Portland, Chreg., have experimented with the pass - fail system, but have backed it up with a class-ranking to show in which poiv tion of the class the student finished. This, of course, entails much the same conside-(Continoed On Page 8)

parents: There are severe shortcomings in the teaching of English in the nations high schools.

The National (council of Teachers of Ekiglish and toe University of Illinois made intensive studies of 158 representative high schools in 45 states and discovered that toe two areas of greatest weakness are reading and writing. Some highlights from the study of 1,600 classrooms:

There is little direct instruction in writing despite the fact that 16 per cent of class time is devoted to composition.

Only 13 po* cent of student papers cammed by observers showed signs of any thorough rewriting and only 17 per cent showed any evidence that teachers help students with organization of ideas, critical thinking and clear communications.

Reading programs are inadequate, uncoordinatied and almost non-existent. Most programs seemed lacking in purpose, organization and impact. The non - academic, noncollege, slow-leaming student is neglected.

Few teachers iow themselves capable of effectively leading class discussion. Barely a fifth of the time is used

in discussion and questioning. The emphasis is o nrecitation and rote response.

Language is the least well taught of all elements (tf the English curriculum. A majority of schools concentrate on mechanical drill and error-based instruction with effective communication being subordinated to grammatical accuracy in classroom presentation.

Those who made the survey stressed the need for quality leadership from toe principal and chairman of each English department and the need for a small cadre of master teachers in e a e h school' employed on a merit pay system. English teachers nati<mally average 150 students each 50 more than the recommended maximum of 100.

These suggested cures probably sound familiar. Developing a cadre of master teachers in toe various disciplines, paying them on merit and freeing good teachers from non-e&cational duties is what Tribune education writer Kyle Goddard has been preaching for a long time.

When we dbeat boys and girls of tiie ability to read and write well, we limit their ability to communicate effectively and to reach their potential. But like weve said before quality education costs money. So does under-education.

in France as le jour de merci donnant).

Le jour de merci donnant was first started by a group of Pilgrims (pelerins) who fled from IAngleterre before toe McCarran Act to found a colony in toe new world (le nouveau monde), where they could shoot Indians (les peaux-rouges) and eat turkey (dinde) to their hearts con-

CAPE KENNEDY, Fla. (AP) Every weekday, astronauts Frank Borman, James A. Lovell Jr. and William A. Anders slip into a spacecraft simulator and spend six hours practicing for mans most amoitioua spate flight yet.

On Dec. 21, they are to ride the force of a Saturn 5 rocket on a six-day journey that will take them into orbit around the moon on Christmas Eve and part of Christmas Day.

When theyre not in the simulator, the astronauts are dL-cussiog the flight with members of the laundi team and reviewing a very demanding flight plan.

On most weekends. Air Force Col. Borman, Navy Capt. Lovell and Air Force MaJ. Anders fly to the manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Tex., to huddle with flight controllers, experts and specialists on lunar geology and geography.

We started training for this particular mission in August, Borman said, And we have been pursuing it rather heav.ly ever since. One thing that is different from any of the crher missions weve had is the fact that were doing a lot of specialized training.

**BiU Anders is really the systems man, and Jim Lovell knows the navigation and guidance equipment, and I guess I dont do anything but kititz, joked Borman, who will command Apollo 8.

We usually get up about .15 a.m. and get out to the simulator by 8, he explained. Mary nights we dont end up until 11 or 12.

The backup Apollo 8 team of Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Fred W. Haise Jr. usually spends afternoons in the simulator after the Borman crew leaves.

In the simulator, they are to rehearse every phase of Ttie mission. Stereoscopic maps of the moon, constructed from pictures taken by the unmanned lunar orbiter satellites, are projected outside their windows so tiell have a sense of what it will be like as they orbit the mo(Xi for 20 hours at an altitude of 69 miles.

Flight controllers introduce mock emergency situations into the simulator computers to see how well the astronauts react. Emergency and abort situations are practiced.

They really throw some good ones at us. Borman commented.

The flight plan is calculated to take toe astronauts over an area of toe moons Sea of Tranquility, one of five prime sites being considered for the first astronaut landing next year.

If the launching is delayed beyond the 21st, trajectory and

tent. They landed at a place irajwiory mm

called Plymouth (now a fam- conditions change, and,

ous voiture Aracricaine) in a

wooden sailing ship called the ^

Mayflower (or Fleur de mai)

in 1920. But while the pelr possible launching day

reins were killing the dindes,

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the peaux-rouges were killing the pelerins, and there were several hard winters ahead for both of them. The only way toe peaux-rouges helped the pelerins was when they taught them to grow com (mais). The reason they did this was because they liked emu with their pelerins.

In 1623, after another harsh year, the pelerina crops were

ticMis is Dec. 27. If the rocket is not launched by then, the flight will be delayed until tiie next favorable period, which begins Jan. 18.

Lovell said One of the difficulties of this is the fact that the three of us have to learn all about each of the five landing areas in case the launch does slip beyond the 21st.

Twice during their training,

so good that they decided to the three enter their spaceship have a celebration and give perched atop a 36-story-talI Sat-toanks because more mais urn 5 rocket on launch complex was raised by the pelerins 39A. They did it the first time than pelerins were killed by Nov. 19, successfully completing les peaux-rou^. a flight readiness test The sec-

Every year on the Jour de ond time will be Dec. 8 or 9 during a lengthy countdown demonstration test.

merci donnant, parents tell (Continued On Page 8)

Strength For Today

Americans May Share In Venture

By EARL L. DOUGLASS

MANNEI^ AND MORALS

Frederick Lewis AUan, a distinguished historian of contemporary events, called attention in 1931 to what he called The Revolution In Manners and Morals. He noted how the jazz age had apparently overthrown what we may call the credo of good morality.

Since 1^1 the jazz age has been largely forgotten. First came the sobering effects of the depression. After that, Hitler appeared on the scene and began keeping us awake nights. The hue and cry of well - intentioned but short sighted reformers over such things as short skipts, bobbed hair and lipstick died down with the passing of time. These questions of taste have been .settled quite apart from tlie efforts of the reformers.

But at the same time, many of the really vicious aspects of the jazz age have be^me solidified in modem lift' and opposition to tiiem has les-smied because of the discredit cast on the whole reform movement by the critics who were unabto to distinguish between questions of morals and questiMis of manners.

Manners and customs will change from generation, to generation, and independently of them moral standards wiU rise and fall. The need for moral reform today is just as actual as it was in 1930. But the reformer should learn his lesson from the past. To be effective lie must first distinguish manners from morals then strike out at the moral question and not dissipate his energy against the inevitable changes in custom.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Americans may be given an opportunity to share in Aris-toUe Onassiss $400 million venture in Greece. On his current visit to the United States, the Greek of Argentine citizenship is expected to invite large investors such as banks and s^mdicates, to participate in his package deal with the Greek government.

The package includes building an oil refinery, leasing a govemmat - owned refinery until his is built, constructing an aluminum refinery eventually able to produce SOO*-000 tons a year, erecting an air terminal in downtown Athens, and constructing an electric generating plant and shipyards.

While Onassis and Greek associates could probably finance these projects by themselves, there are certain political advantages to bringing

American money in. la fact, getting the United States involved may be a condition of the deal with the Greek mili-try dictatcH-ship.

Doable Advantage

The dictatorship has two objectives: first, to create a boom to make its rule palatable if not popular; second, to gain support of toe U. S.

Greece has always welcomed U. S. investment and the military rulers have encouraged it Tax shelter and other inducements are offered American and other foreign businesses.

Standard Oil has long been involved in oil and steel and many other U. S. corporations have enlarged old or created new establishments.

The Department of Commerce magazine International Commerce, which has previously shown enthusiasm for Greece under the dictatorship, said in its Nov. 18 issue

that Greece is enjoying a modest revival, with an 8.7 per cent rise in retail sales and an Increase in building permits in the first seven months of the year. Imports

LMRR

ROESSNEP

are expected to be about 6 per cent higher this year than last

Banka Interested

Both the Chase Manhattan Bank and the Bank of America have opened branches in Athens, joinipg the First Na

tional City Bank and American Express, Gimmerce reports. MacDonald Co. of St. Louis is Investing $150 million in a road project. Tom Pap-

gas, a wealthy Greek who as joined Standard Oil in other enterprises' has launched a $36 ntillion project for Coca-Cola bottling plants, a chain of canneries and several dairy plants.

Owens-Illinois Glass is involved in a glass container and tableware plant; Reynolds Aluminum is work i n g with Onassis, and i nombef of other concerns are launching or biddiog on various projects.

However, many Amar i c a n firms are being cautious, either because they hava no confidence in the dictalOFship or because they fear boycotts by Americans of Greek descent, who are largely anti-dictatorship. In fact many Greeks in Greece are, too.