/\Aondiy, November 27, 196T

1^1

Their Taxes Create Bootleg Sales

North Carolina cannot ignore indefinitely the fact that it has unwittingly become a party to racketeers operating huge cigarette bootlegging businesses in some other states. )

While those states which complain the loudest about the bootlegging of cigarettes place the blame entirely on North Carolina, those states rather than North Carolina which must likewise face up to the present realities.

North Carolina has no obligation to place a special tax on one of its major economic products just because other states have done so. On the other hand, if those states would make downward revisions in the special punitive taxes with which they have saddled tobacco products, the situation in which cigarette bootlegging can flourish would have been largely removed.

The only reason New York and other states have a market for bootleg cigarettes is that they have put exorbitantly high speriai state and local taxes on this product. Their citizens, unwilling to

Political Scene

By WILUAM A. SHIRES

Reflector Raleigh Bureau

RALEIGH Surprising developments are continuing on the state political scene and with each one the mystery deepens as to what they mean and what 1968 will bring.

The latest major surprise it the unexplained and totally unexpected decision by Hargrove (Skipper) Bowles Jr. of Greensboro not to run for lieutenant governor.

For weeks, Bowles had been telling friends that he defintcly was in the race, already running and in fact was ready to make his formal announcement on the eve of the Vance-Aycock dinner in Asheville a month ago. All sys-tms, he said, were go.

Then, suddenly, on Thanksgiving Eve Bowles announced simply that he was dropping plans to oppose already-announced H. P. (Pat) Taylor Jr. in next Mays primary.

Much Speculation Of course, as with ail things political and pointing to an important and crucial election year, it was not that simple.

Much speculation arose, serving to make the situation even more confusing. Almost instantly, former Gov. Terry Sanford who produced a surprising development himself recently, entered the picture. There was speculation that Bowles, a close friend and political ally of Sanfords, had decided to help Sanford prepare for a possible campaign against Sen. Sam J. Ervin Jr.

Sanfords surprise was his recent <ticlosure that he is considering seriusly making a bid for Ervins seat and a follow up declaration that he definitely wUl run if he thinks he can won.

Meetings Are Held Earlier tos week there

were meetings in Raleigh and perhaps elsewhere by the former governors friends, political associates, aides and Sanford organization lieutenant.

Sources say the reports on Sanfords chances in a Senate race appeared more favorable and encouraging than at any time since he let it be known he was considering the idea.

Whether Bowles attended any of the meetings was not learned but it is certain that he was contacted and told of the matters discussed.

There were other pre^ Thanksgiving meetings in Raleigh by Scott - for - governor workers and organization leaders and, at the same time, a series of state Republican strategy sessions. Apparently, the Scott meeting was concerned strictly with Lt. Gov. Robert Scotts forthcoming bid for the governorship and confined almost entirely to organizational matters.

Other Surprises

While in Raleigh to talk politics, word was circulated that former State Highway chairman - Melville Broughton Jr. of Raleigh is on the brink of announcing for governor to oppose Scott.

Broughton has promised a statement on his 1968 poli^ tical plans on or before Dec. 1, and there is increasing belief be will run.

Sources are predicting other significant political development as well in a fairly short time. These may or not be very surprising but we are expected to affect a number of 1968 political races.

Bowles Withdrawal

Bowles withdrawal from the field for the lieutenant governorship pleased many more people than just Pat Taylor. Of course it left Taylor in a stronger, more commanding position in his bid for the nomination next Maji.

More importantly, from the standpoint of state party leaders, it may have meant avoiding a sharp, hard-fought intra - party contest which would have washed over into other races and perhaps left fresh scars among Democrats who are expecting severe challenge from the GOP a year from now.

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pay this tax, have turned to sources of supply that furnish the cigarettes without payment of the high state and local taxes.

If the special state and local taxes on cigarettes were lowered^ it is likely that government units would find their total revenues from this source higher rather than lower than it now is. By lowering the special taxes, they would strike a severe blow at the bootleg market and thus increase appreciably the cigarette sales on which the special taxes are paid.

' The fact that millions of dollars worth of cigarettes sold through North Carolina retailers are finding their way into the bootleg markets of other states is a source of concern to many Tar Heels. The solution to the problem, however, lies not in North Carolina placing a tax on cigarettes and thereby broadening the bootleg market, but rather by other states lowering^their taxes to reasonable levels which the^ir citizens would willingly pay rather than deal with illegal sources.

Our Overseas Dollars

Coming Home To Roost

In the modern-day gold stampede the United States is feeling the pressure of overseas dollars in a manner it has never before experienced. Years of spending abroad and an unfavorable balance of payments are coming home to roost with the rush to exchange dollars for gold.

Officials have expressed confidence that the dollar will be able to withstand the gold buying pressure without resorting tb devaluation. As long as the United States is able to maintain the world price of gold at $35 per ounce, it will not be necessary to devalue the dollar. But should the price rise above the figure, the dollar would have been devalued.

Repercussions in the world market would be far-reaching as would repercussions in this country. The monetary crisis would be severe.

While there is every reason to share the confidence of officials who say the dollar will not be devalued, this pressure on the dollar should cause U.S. officials to take another careful look at the inations spending policies. Continued deficit spending and unfavorable balance of payments over a period of years have made the dollar more vulnerable in this situation than it otherwise would be. If devaluation should occur, these practices on the part of the U.S. government would be a major contributing factor to the end result.

JDje (uriet'journal

Reports of Mv Death W ere Greatly Exaggerated

ART BUCHWALD

Safety For The Baboons

Newark Flying

Danger Signal

By ROWLAND EVANS and ROBERT NOVAK WASHINGTON Governor Richard Hughes of New Jersey, who supports President Johnson down the line on all issues, is a favorite of the White House but not o members and staff of the Presidents riot commission.

The commission is privately disturbed by Hughess get -tough remarks about Negro militants and confident pre* dictions that Newark will be riot-free next summer. In fact, the commission believes Newark is a critical trouble area and that the Governors comments are no help

Strength !-or Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS OTHER PLANETS Can there be people on other planets? There must be. Look up into the heavens on a starry night and ponder the fact that every star is a sun and around that sun are probably planets. Has God put life only on this one planet of ours, which is inf inte simal in size, and apparently in importance, in this vast galaxy splendor?

If there are beings on other planets, what are they like? No one can answer that question with the least assurance, they may be like us, and again they may be very different from us. There may be these planets civilizations advanced beyond anything we have ever dreamed of, or on the other hand these planets may be populated by savages. Or the beings may be nothing like us at all. But certainly there must be life there.

We cannot look on the situation in which we find ourselves on this earth and be-^lieve that this is the end of everything. We know too little to speculate intelligently, but of this we are sure, that what is first and best here is n8p gobability duplicated and perhaps surpassed in other parts of the vast universe.

Our business, of course, is with this planet, and we have our hands full managing its affairsmostly managing them very badly. Is war universal? Is sin universal? Does the whole universe defy its Maker as we humans appear often to do?

Shall we know all about this some day?* Maybe so, maybe not. It all depends on what is best for us in the plans of a loving God.

in changing that dangerous situation.

At issue is a newspaper interview given by Hughes at the height of the state legislative campaign (which ended with a Republican landslide). Hughes flatly predicted there would be no repiti-tion of violence on the scale of the 1967 Newark riot. He made it clear he feels hardboiled police tactics will be the chief preventive.

If violence recurs, Hughes said, police and National Guard would move in hard and fast. His state, he added, is going to be very unhealthy for shooting, riots, and violence.

Quite a different story is found in confidential oral reports by riot commission investigators. They describe Newark as probably the most dangerous city in the country, partly because of shortcdtn-ings in Mayor Hugh Addon-izios administration and partly because of tension between slum Negroes and the police.

One commission member told us that in no other 1967 riot city is hatred of local police so overriding as in Newark. For that reason, the r\ot commission would much prefer if the Governor would stop pouring kerosene on the fire by bragging about police protection.

McClellans Lagging Probe

Senator John McClellans investigation of big city riots has laid such an egg thus far that he has been having trouble getting the required two Senators to attend meetings of his Senate Permanent Investigation's Subcommittee.

Billed originally as the definitive Congressional probe of last summers devasting racial turmoil, the hearings simply havent gotten off the ground. In a dozen days of hearings centered on Houston and Nashville, the investigation has been ignored by both press and Senate, with the exception of last Wednesdays hearing.

Much of the blame lies with McCHellans overemphasis on new riot-control techniques, police tactics, ana iiis , desire to pay down such fundamental aspects of riots as housing and jobs in Negro slums. This has cost him support he could have had from the subcommittees liberal bloc.

The hearing last Wednesday was the only success the Arkansas, Senator has had in getting some headlines. Moreover it took the intercessjion of a House Republican presentative George Bush of Texas to convince McClell-(Continued on Page 5)

WASHINGTON - The National Catholic Society for Animal Welfare has strongly objected to using live baboons in automotive safety tests at the Ford Motor Co. The society claimed the use of baboons was cruel and mean, but Ford came back and said the tests were far more meaninfgul than those in which dummies were used.

The tests included the use of an air bag. Those ba

boons which used the air bag on impact of crashed up to 64 miles an hour survived. The baboons which didnt have the air bags for protection were killed.

I am afraid I have to go along with the animal welfare society on this one. Why should animal baboons be the pasty for tests that will save human beings?

Probably Ford first got the idea because there are so

Other Editors Saying Our Other Vietnams

ART

BUCHWALD

(Salisbury Post)

The war in Vietnam has been called a new kind of war for the United States a guerrilla war that we are historically and temperamentally ill-suited to fighting.

But while Vietnam may be the bloodiest and costliest of its type, it is by no means the first this country has been involved in.

With a change of dateUne. many of the dispatches from Vietnamese battlefields read like the reports of the Marines provisional brigade in Nicaragua, writes historian Richard OConnor in American Heritage magazine.

In 1928, it took over 5,000 U. S. Marines to rout the rebel Augusto Sandino out of the mountains of northern Nicaragua. It was there that the Marines began developing and testing techniques used against the Viet Cong today-aerial support of ground forces, search-and-destroy missions, aerial evacaution of the wounded.

There are other similarities. President Coolidge had his Senator Fulbright in Re

publican Sen. William Borah, who constantly questioned casualty figures in Mr. Coo-lidges Jungle War. Another senator introduced a resolution that would have forbidden the President to employ military forces when Congress had not declared a state o war to exist. Hundreds of citizens picketed the White House.

Even long before Nicaragua, it was proved to military strategists that it takes a vast preponderance of men and materials to hunt down a determined band of partisans operating in rough country among people friendly to them, says OConner.

It took 5,000 Army troops to finally run down Gernimo and Ws band of Apaches after the Civil War. It took the Army 14 years to pacify the Moro insurrectos in the Philippines following'the Spa-nish-American War.

None of which encourages optimism about an early end to the Vietnam war, but it does help to put that struggle in better historical perspective.

Navy

many human baboons dirv-ing cars these days that they thought they might get as close to the real thing as they could. Of course, you could say the same thing for dummies that are driving around.

It seems to me that a compromise should be found that would satisfy both the animal welfare people and the automotive safety people.

By JOHN WOODFIELD

ANNAPOLIS, Md. (AP) His name is Dodo.

His past is murky and his ancestors unknown, but to the 4,000-maa brigade at the U.S. Naval Academy, the little black and brown mongrel already far outranks the Navy goat in academy tradition.

It was on a stormy nignt during first-semester finals last

into a room in Bancroft Hall, the vast dormitory for midshipmen.

Somebody gave him some

meSna^mMTim otTa.ii was inunediately apparent that Dodo had found a home.

He never spends two nights in the same room, fastidiously avoids favoritism and ignores commissioned officers wito a disdain that brings secret delight to the hearts of his dormitory mates.

Wherever the brigade goes, Dodo is there.

He sleeps in Bancroft, eats ^ the mess hall, marches at parades, including June Week, and regularly attends classes.

His exploits are heralded and numerous. Hes been in classes, in chapel, in love and in trouble about as much as his human classmates and this fall he was granted all the privileges of an upper classman.

It is not unusual to see plei snap to attention when he saunters into one of their rooms.

Nor is it unusual for him to trot happily along behind a trio of upper classmen when they head for Annapolis on weekend leave.

So important has he become to the brigade that various midshipmen arc assigned to keep a log of his activities.

A typical entry firom list May reads:

Midshipman Dog wai leen returning from Catholic chapel this morning. A glow of humility was noted in hU eyes and he was obviously in penance to atone for missing morning meal on 13 May. He decided to anticipate this mornings fdrmation and arrived 17 minutes eirly.

The solution is to use real people in the safety tests, at least those that correspond to the psysical appearance and mental ability of baboons.

If we know that human beings can take this tremendous punishment, we can apply these findings to baboons, and the baboons wont have to be sacrificed to an industry tliey couldnt care less about.

The next problem is where to find the human beings for the auto safety experiments, at least ones that look and act like baboons when theyre driving a car. The answer is that theyre everywhere.

Every American knows at least one, usually the man or woman in front of him when hes driving his own car

But it would be unfair to enlist this person in the experiment because, while he might look like a baboon to you, you might look like a baboon to somebody else.

(Continued on Page 5)

Shortly before the NavySyra-cuse football game on Oct. 14, Dodo was fitted at the academy tailor shop for a Navy blanket with the gold N on flje top and gold letters reading Bite Army on either side. It was formally presented to him at a pep rally preceding the game and he has faithfully worn it ever since as he watches proudly from the sidelines.

With the blanket and ita official recognition came another luxury grudingiy accorded by academy officials who still are rankled at the esteem in which the brigade hold him.

Instead of prancing^aloog witii the midshipmen as they march from the academy to the Navy-Marine Corps Memorial Stadium, which he did lareviously. Dodo now arrives in style, feat-ed proudly on the back seat of a staff officers sedan.

Devaluation Questions, Answers

By ELMER ROESSNER

Since the devaluation of the British pound a week ago, there has been a spate of questions. Here are some of the most common ones and the best answers I can give: Price Of Scotch

Q: Will the devaluation of the pound bring cheaper scotch whisky?

A: Eventually, slightly. But before it happens, American importers must dispose of millions of gallons of scotch they paid for in $2.80 pounds, and after that is gone they will try to increase their margins, since customers have become conditioned to paying current prices.

Why Were British Disturbed?.

Q: Why were the British people so upset over the new$?

A: Partly because their country lost face in not.showing ingenuity and drive to keep the pound up to par. But Ihy were even more up-

.set because now they will have to pay more for imported goods, which includes almost all of their oranges, lemons, apples and tea and much of their cheese, butter and meat. Since England is losing cattle in an epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease and some imports may banned, there are meatless days ahead in Blighty

serve immediate increase interest rates?

A: Because the British government increased its basic interest rate to 8 per cent. High interest rates would tempt many investors to transfer their money to Britain if the Fed had not raised its rediscount rate to 4% per cent, making it attractive to leave largely a braking action, investments here. It was

Why U. S. Stocks Bobbled

Q; Why did American stocks dip, then rally?

A: Some investors panicked. Some were in a hurry to turn stocks into cash and reinvest it \in Britain where returns might be higher. And some stocks were worth less because they were dependent in part on earnings in Britain. They rallied because other investors thought the declines were excessive.

that sells abroad, even outside the sterling area, it will lose sales becau.se the British can undersell it. British labor costs will be 14' per cent lower than they were. Further, the Feds increase in its rediscount rate will push up all other interest rates, and you pay higher interest charges on instalment payments and auto loans. Mortgage rates, too, will go up. Furthermore, the income surtax proposal has been brought back to life.

BLMRR

ROESSNER

Why Higher Interest Here?

Q; Why did the Federal Re-

How About Me?

Q: Will the devaluation affect me here in Indiana?

A: Yes. Sterling area products will be cheaper. But if your job is with a company

How About Our G<4dl?

Q: Will devaluation ffet the U. S. gold holdings?

A: Yes. Foreign central banks bolding dolto will hur ry to exchange them for our gold, in fear that the U. S. too may devaluate. High interest rates and equity bargains will tempt many to switch investments to England, and dollars invested there can become liabilities on the U. S. gold supply.

An academy official, one of those who still refuses to admit that the tiny mongrel dog has long since replaced the Navy goat in the eyes of the brigade, made it emphatically clear that Dodo would not receive official transportation to the Army-Navy game in Philadelphia Saturday.

But, ht sighed, I know that just as sure as the sun comes up tomorrow that dog will be there if the middies have to smuggle him up.

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