Thursday, June 15, 1967

UN Did Provide A Place To Talk

CAN ALWAYS BE COUNTED ON IN A CRISIS!

The United Natiuii< has shown impressive glrenjfths and woelul weaknesses during its years of existence and perhaps butiil have been mirrored to some degree in the current mideast crisis.

The UN was sadly weak and inefi'ectiv as Secretary-General U Tliant meekly pulled out his peace keeping forces at Nassar's bidding. It quickly became apparent that the body would be completely ineffective in bringing about any settlement of the Arab-Israeli differences. It was also obvious that in time honored fashion world i)eace then hung ()ii the efforts of the United States and the Soviet -Union.

Despite the spectacular successes of Israel in thrashing most of the Aral) world armies, it is almost certain that the Israeli could not have carried on a long war or occupied huge territories without some eventual outside as<i>tance from the United States. And it is clear that the Arab world may well have been completely crushed unless the Soviet Union intervened or the war was stopped.

legislature i o Stay And Stay

: By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

Reflector Raleigh Bureau

RALEIGH - Despite all its leaders can do. the 1967 General Assembly now appears almost certain to set a record Tor length and duration of a lession.

A backlog of gills and the adjournment crush pressing upon the legislature is likely to produce at least two and 1 half more weeks of con-

^sion, controversy and conference committee work.

A number of major issues remain unresolvedthe appro-priatons bills, redistricting, regional universities bill, twin trailer trucks and others. There are warning flags up against undue haste and hurried consideration. On the other hand, legislative leaders are prodding the lawmakers to move along.

If they stay in session until June 30, this will become the longest session on record for North Carolina both in calendar days and legislative days.

Eure Predicts Record Veteran Secretary of State Thad Eure forsees this, predicting adjournment will come cither on June 30 or July 1. Eure who keeps tabs on such things, recalls there have been three General Assembly sessions1931, 1955 and 1963 of equal duration in the number of legislative days. Each lasted 121 legislative days.

The 1955 session, because of an unusual happening, wa.s the lengthiest on record by the calendayby one day. It lasted 142 calendar days while those of 1931 lasted 141 days each.

Skipped Saturday Session What happened in 1955 was that the legislators decided to try to do away with Saturday cessions.

This lasted just one week. Both houses adopted a resolution on Friday to reconvene on the following Monday

Someone checked the state constitution and discovered that this could be done but only by adopting a formal joint re.-iolution requiring enrollment and ratification on each TTiday. Without a joint resolution to skip a day the consitiution requires the lawmakers to sit from day to day and adjourn by motion only from one day to the next. Sundays are excluded.

It was decided that enacting a formal joint re.solution each h'riday would be too much trouble.

Was Principal Clerk

Eue incidentally was principal clerk of the House during the so-called long parliament session of 1931.

The late Sen. Willis Smith was Speaker and the issue which kept the depres.-ion-ridden legislature in session was the question of enacting North Carolina's first statewide sales tax. .\fter fir.st voting for it. the legislature reversed itself and defeated the tax. It was enacted two years later.

Eure, whose department included the legislative Enrolling Office, points out that that the late-session crush of work required to enroll bills, is a big roadblock to adjournment. The General Assembly cannot adjourn until all of its enactrnents are enrolled. And as long as the lawmakers grind out bills, the backlog buids up in the enrolling office.

Other, Bigger Blocks

But the logjam in the enrolling office is a minor obstacle. There are other factors for bigger and more difficult.

Legislative sources say half a dozen or more important matters may wind up in conference committees because the House and Senate will be unable to agree. One of the most certain of these is congressional redistricting. The Senate already has passed its version and did so three weeks ago. The House redistricting committee and the House itself show no signs of being willing to accept the Senate bill.

The same sources believe certain of the pending Appropriations bills will also wind up in House-Senaie deadlock and will ge to conference.

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Both great powers played it cautious and began working for a cease fire. But how to do it? There was nowhere else to turn but to the United Nations General Assembly. This was the only place where Israeli and Arab countries ambas.sadors still faced each other, or later where the American and some Arab countries still had direct contact or still later where Soviet and Israeli representatives could talk to one another.

The United Nations played an important part in bringing about the cease fire simply' because it was the one area where the various feuding factions could still debate one another. This in itself makes the evolvement of the United Nations a unique accomplishment in diplomacy. With all its failings the UN ha! served a purpose in this most recent xvorld crisis simply because there were no other channels available to the warring nations.

This lends hope for the UNs future. ^lankind has perhaps found it needs the United Nation.s when all other method.s of international dialogue fail. It is our wi.=h that from this base the UN will go on to gain strength.

"dealism Mixec.

With Realism

By JAMES MARLOW W.ASHINGTON (API - Some times the Supreme Court gets idealism and realism mixed up. It happened this week when it tightened the screws even further against police bugging-electronic caves-dropping-in criminal investigations.

The court threw out the bribery conviction of Ralph Berger, a Chicago public relations man. The decision was a tight fit, 5 to 4. It was a good example of how nine justices can look at the same problem and draw opposite conclusions.

The key in this case is how the Constitutions Fourth Artiendment was interpreted.

That amendment says; The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be riolated, and no warrants shall be issued, but upon probable cause, supported by oath of affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.-With these constitutional requirements in mind, New York Stat passed a law which says police can bug if they get permission from a judge, provided they swear under oath there is reasonable ground to believe that evidence of crime may be thus obtained.

Under this law police did their bugging in the Berger case and the state later admitted that without the eavesdropping a conviction could not have been obtained.

Before he retired Monday Justice Tom Clark wrote the majority opinion, throwing out Bergers conviction. Why? Clark gave various reason". He found fault with the Nhnv York law which said a judge could permit bugging if tlie police gave him reasonable ground to believe it mirht unveil evidence of a crime. Clark said this was too broad, too sweeping, that New Yorks reasonable cause phrase wasnt good enougn since the Fourth Amendment talks about probably cause The security of ones privacy against arbitrary intrusion by the police, Clark saiJ, is at the core of the Fou.i-i Amendment and is basic to a free society.

He said. We cannot b.r-give the requirements of tne Fourth Amendment in the name of law enforcement... Few threats to liberty exist which are greater than that posed by the use of eavesdropping devices.

He clearly did not ban all use of electronic eavesdropping, for he pointed out thdt the court under specific con

ditions and circumstances in the past susptained the use of eavesdropping devices.

If this seemed like haif*-splitting to make a point-which is going to make it far tougher for cops to eavesdrop on criminals-justice Hu-so L. Black and the other three justices who disagreea

(Continued On Page 5)

This Date-40 Years Ago Today

By FOY H. DUNC.AN June 15, 1927

May Attempt To Fly Around The World New York, June 15 The New York Evening Post said today (hat Commander Richard E. Byrd, who is expected to hop off soon for a trans-Atlantic flight, has such cals-sic plans for guilding his Fok-ker monoplane after it leaves the American shores that he may even cross Europe and the Pacific Ocean before he ends his trip.

Boys Junior League Will Open Friday

C. W. Porter, director of the Boys Work campaign now in progress in this city, stated that the next game of the Sunday School baseball league would be played rt the fair dounds Friday afternoon by the Juniors o the JarvU Memorial Methodist Church and a similar aggregation representing the (Jhristian Church.

Recitations Begin Today At 'The College

Ali.liough recitations began today, registration is still in progress for the East Carolina Teachers Training School summer school. To date 639 have registered. The college can accommodate approximately 700. . . .

Miss Cotton Skinner Entertains

Miss Cotton Skinner w a s hostess at a very attractive and enjoyable bridge partv on Thursday morning. . , Bridge was played at six tables. . . p izes for each table .and high score were given. . . .

Miss Florence Phelps Entertains

Miss Florence Phelps en-joyably entertained at th r e e tables of bridge on Thursday afternoon in honor of her house guest. Miss Carolyn Watkins of Henderson. . The high score prize was awarded Miss Christine Wilderson and low score to Miss Helen Burn-nette. . . .

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS GREATNESS AND HUMILITY

One of the most amazing things in life is the diversity of gifts. People arise out of humble surroundings to become world famous. It never cease.s to amaze the scK'ar that a mother who could neither read nor write, married to a husband of quite ordinary gifts, should have produced William Shakespeare. An attorney in Florence begat i child by a serving ma'd and thjs child carn to be known Ltonardo da Vinci We survey the background of Micli-elangtlo and wonder how such great genius could have emerged from sucli humble origin;?.

Puiider the Ijc t that t ! man tium wlMi^e birth tiiiit was dated was a village carpenter for thirty years of lii.s life. He never held a public office. He was executed along with two criminals. Vet

even non-Christians admit that this was the greatest man that ever lived. His teachings were incomparable, his wonder works astounded his generation and continue to astound us. Jesus Christ is more influential in the world today than he wa.s two thou.sand \ears ago. Yet he was born in a stable. He spent his life at the craftsmans bench. He had a brief ministry, and his life was snuffed out before be really started to live.

Of cours, the Easttr sto'; explains most of the wondr of this mans influtnct, yet we cannot get aw'ay from humble origins and a life humbly li,ved.

Leonardo left sketches if

iiiotlfcn .iiipluiies iii liis liMW

iiig iHiuids. Micliflaiigelu shipped away a piece of marble and let 11# statue come fortli.

Greatness amid humilit.'^. The strange way.s of the Cie-Atoc.

By JAMES KILPATRICK

!'ndividual Rights Won

On the morning the Supreme Court handed down its decision in Camara v. San Francisco, the four days war had just begun in Egypt. Israeli tanks were smashing through the Sinai, and the front pages were exploding. Few persons paid much attention to one of the most significant opinions to come from the high court in its 1967 term.

The Damara case and a companion case of See v. Seattle saw the court divided 6-3 on the ancient que.s^ion of a mans right to oe secure against unwarranted state intrusion upon his property. The conflict in each case boiled

down to one man again.'t the bureaucrats. In ach case, the one man won.

In the case of Roland Camara. the San ITancisco Division of Housing Inspection suspected that the defendant had converted a ground - floor suite of offices into a residential apartment, in violation of an occupancy permit. Camara refused to let the inspectors come into his rooms without a warrant. They arrested him He brought suit to block the bureaucrats. In each case, the held the city.

In the case of Norman .Sec. the defendant was maintaining a locked commercial ware-

Other Editors So'ying Oown-To-Earth Ruling

(Salisbury Post)

Once again the Supreme Court, by virture of a 5 - 4 majority, has reversed all previous courts and rendered a decision which is nothing less than a fundamental reinterpretation of the Constitution.

In the case of one B e y s Afroyim, a naturalized American whose citizenship had been revoked because he voted in a foreign election, t h e court has in effect declared that citizenship is something that may not be taken away by any power for any reason, t h a t it may be lo.^^t o n 1 y through the conscious renunciation of the person who holds it.

At first sight, tliis would seem to be conferring official blessing on treason. A little reflection shows that it does nothing of the kind.

The laws against trea.'on still stand, and a man convicted and impri s o n e d for treason lor any other crime for that matter) still loses all the prerogatives if not t h e name of citizenship.

There is good rea.son why Congress does not want Americans participating in loreign politics. But nothing the court

has said prevents Cong r c s from making Tnis ?n o.fcn.'C cntai'ing punishment of any severity it wishes, shoil of I0.S.S of citizen.ship.

The draft dodger who, flees to another country to escape service in the armed forces may still be imprisfned if he returns. And it he does n 0 t return, he has etiectively deprived himseli of the beneijls of citizenship. Congrcs.s could compete that depiivation in manv wa.'.s. such as freezing whatever assets he might still have in this country.

Tr.e traitor of the draft dodger is anyway a raiity, N u t S) rare arc tne thousands of American.s wh.o in all innocence have Violated the .Nationality Act oi 1940 and have had their citizen.ship taken from tiiem b\ .'C.ne State Department functionary for such ads as mariying a loreign national or, if naturalized citizens, for remaining overaseas "too long."

The Supreme Couit h a s merely added citizen-hip to the lilt of basic, inalienable human rights. It has theieby made all American.s moi'e .secure in and, it is to be hoped, moie appreciative of that precious j)ossession.

house in Seattle. During the course of a city . wide canvass to check on fire hazards, inspectors demanded access to his building. When See refused to let them enter without a warrant, they had him arrested. He was given a suspended fine of $100.

The Supreme Court revc'rsed in both cases, and ordered t'oe prosecutions dismissed. I h e six - man majority was exactly right, though it may seem odd for a conservative to sa.-. so for the majority included the courts five mo.-t consistent liberals, Warren. Black. Douglas, Brennan and Fortas, plus Byron White; and the three dissenters were the most consistent conservatives on the bench Clark. Harlan. and Stewart.

The majority, speak i n g timough Mr. Justice Wlii'e, d;d not deny the strong public interest in eftective enforcement of sanitation law^ zoning laws, and fire Devcn-tion codes. Such ordinamx.s ordinarily demand area-wide inspections. If contagious diseases are to be kept down and conflagrations avoided, property mu4 be checked by whole blocks and neighbcr-hoods.

But the question, said Wiiite, is luA whether such inspections can be made, but whether they may be made wiih)ut a warrant when a tenant 0: property owner object-. The Fourth .\mendmcnt docs not forbid all governmental searches or inspections; i', forbids only those which are unreasonable. When a bous ng inspector is challenged at tiic threshold, why shouldn't he be required to prove the sa m e reasonableness the ame probable cause that is required of police in a criminal case', Why shouldnt the inspector be compelled 10 get a warrant'.

In the two cases at ba", tliere was no reason on earth

except their own obstinacy

for the housing inspector in San Francisco and the lire inspector in Seattle not lo

(Continued On Page 5)

\

By ROWLAND EVANS and ROBERT NOVAK

BELGRADE-By all odds the most curious political development in Eastern Europe this spring is the serious trouble that the U.S. is causing Yugoslavias Western-style economic reform.

Its not merely that the U.S. is reneging on private assurances given the Yugoslavs to help the reform. Washington eso i6 inadvertently serving the purposes of Moscow. which makes no secret it wants the heretical refoi-ms to die here before they pentrate more orthodox Communist countries.

Actually, the Yugo s 1 a v s dont want a repetition of the massive U.S. foreign aid handouts that followed Marshal Titos split-off from Moscos? in 1948. Belsrade was merely asking in 1967 more of what it got in 198B; additional postponement of debt pavments due the U.S. Export-Import Bank and more long-term credits on wheat purchcses from America. U. S. officials readilyand, as it turned out, prematurelyagreed.

The sad news was broken to the Yugoslavs a few weeks ago. The Export-Import Bank had flatly turned down anv more debt postponements because Yugoslavia has shipped ticc. Worse yet. the Findley amendment adopted by Congress last year absolutely prohibits the wheat credits because Yugoslavia has sipped medical supnliesbut no arms to North Vietnam.

The loss of the wheat cred-it.s hurt most. Forced to buy the wheat on a cash basis using up precious dollar holdings, the Yugoslavs has to rcw'ite substantial portions of the evo-nomic reform. It comes as no surprise, then, that U. S. Yugoslav relations todav a;-e no better than lukewarm.

Of course, errant actions by the Export-Import Bank and Congress scarcely constitute .lo'inson administration policy. Yet. there is a widespread feeling in Belgrade that Washington. preoccupied witii the \ietnam war and regarding Yu20slavia.s heretical brand of Communi-m as old hat an\-way, doe-n't appreciate t.ie importance of succe.^s or failure by the economic plan.

Although Yugo-lavs ofii.-ial-ly deny their system is bw cxpo:1. one hi.sh officj:d Id us he believes the kind of socialism developed here might set a pattern tor not on-Iv other Communist countries but parts of the undcrde-\eb)|)cd world.

The ,So\ iet Union is certainly aware of the possibilities inherent when a dcccn-tra'v.ed ma-liet economy consisting of individual sociah>t business entcrp''iscs making their own management decisions is sub'tituted for a centrally commanded economy. .Just as it has in Yugoslavia, it erodes that keystone of Leninism: supremacy of the Communist party. As prcscrvatori of Communist authoritarianism. th Soviets are appalled by the political libcrali.sm, developing in Yugoslavia.

Thats not all that bothers Moscow. It didnt care for SugO'ilavias opening of its frontiers to visa-free travelers and all Western publications and films. LaM years purge of Vice President Alexander Ran-(Continucd On Iage 5)

3ig Loser Is Always Uncle Sam

By EL.MER R0E8SNER

The big loser in wealth though not in lives 111 the .Arab-Isracli war will be \our Uncle Sam.

Regardless of the outcome, the United States will be called upon to restore damaged facilities on both sides and to help rebuild their ecoriomic.s. And well probably do it. too because if we don't, the R'i.ss-sians wil! and therel)\' hei'zitn their inlluence in the Middle East.

Meanwhile, the war has been draining large sums of money from the U.S. The drive for contributions to help Uroel has been a phenniomal snr-cess and Lhe campaign for funds for the .M'ab states has brought in more money than expected. Consequently, millions of dollars are llowing out of the rounliw . woi^cnni'.' one h.ikiiice ol li.ulc

The Ifcipirlit ii.iliuiiS aie not e.xpected to CMfivert (Iwir dollars into gold. That would be ingratitude. But the loss 111 currcney, whieh ean he ciin-veiled into Aiiicricau w ior-

oign goods, even Ku. dan. is large.

Other Costs To West

The war is expected lo increase the number of refu-

ELMER

ROESSNER

gees, who will have to be taken care of by other nations, perhaps thruiigh the United Nations, where the U.S. pa}S most ot the hills.

Large amounts of medical aid required to care tor the wounded and to prevent epidemics in refugee centers and devastated ai'cas. Tne 1 S will li;i\e lo p.irlici|)ate 111 pi t-\fill 111,' Uif qa f viil ol ilcfj r l'l It lo^li plulci lluli I Ilf oil prudiifing slate.s are (crtun lo (lemaiid higher royalties, lo pay for repair of damaged faeiiities and lo make up fur profits lust during

the boycott.

Jl is likely that after affairs calm down, the U.S. will be invited to re-establish cmbas-.sics. consulates and libraries in the Arab nations. While those nations may offer to p for damage done, few will .. able to do more than provide local labor.

Food Needed, Too

Tlie United Slates will aUo be calkd upon to supply iood, not only lor retugee.s but for most of the Arab state.s. They are lar Irom s^h-oUdieieiU in food. In the past five year.s the U.S. has sent almost $1 hdlion worth of fo^od to Egypt alone.

If the U.S. sends substantial aid to Isral it is likely to generate serious inflationary pressures in the U.S. economy. Beryl Sprinkel, vice

pif-iilfiit and ecoiiumisi ol the llaiM' iiO'l and Savilii'S Ikoik ui ( ho. agti, III all 10'

tri view.

Since oilier sptiidiiig may lead to a budget deiieit of around $20 billicn in the eoin-iiig li'cai \<ai, extensive aid

to the Middle East might require a tax increase.

That s on \ou, Joe.

Soeinlogist.s Coniirmrd By Census Bureau What has long been slated social workers is now con-i.imcd by the Ciensus bureau: more .Negro husbands leave iiome.

Census reports that tiiere are both hu.soaiul and wile in 74 per cent of the white households. while only 37 per cent in Negro households.

A woman is head of the household in 31 per cent of the Negro lamilics and in 19 per cent nf toe white families. These figures are important to advertisers and merchandisers aiming at the Negro market.

The United Stales will also be called U|)on lo siipijly food, iKil niiU |o( leliierr . Inil iur inu-l ol Itie ah sljtcS, They ale lai tiuiii sel-,siilit lent in hiod. In Hie past live year flic U.S. has sent almost $l billion worth of iood to Eg.xpt alone.