ThvrtdiY, April 20, 1967

Amazing Change In Lester Maddox

WHAT SNOW AND SLEET COULDNT DOI

Wtt must jom others in confessing open moathed amazement at the transformation that has taken place in Georgias Gov. lister Maddox dnce his inauguration.

The governor was best know as an axe handle wielding segregationist, prior to taking oce.

This was Maddoxs total public image when he entered the race for governor and, indeed, it undoubtedly brought him the segregationist vote that nally placed him in Georgias highest office.

It is well known now that Maddox despite the fears of liberals and moderateshas turned into omewhat of a moderate himself. So far, at least he has taken few actions which would stamp him as a die hard segregationist or as unduely conservative in state spending.

The latest in the governors moderate image achievements involved the appearance of four shabbily dressed Negroes at the governors open house Sunday. They were shabbily dressed because they were escaped convicts. They showed up because they wanted to air grivances concerning conditions at their prison camp.

Well, Gov. Maddox, who once closed a restaurant ratier than serve Negroes, took 20 minutes to talk to the men about their complaints.

When he nished he ordered the most thorough investtgation ever conducted by the Department of Corrections.

'Do Something' Attitude Grows

f

I I

By WILUAM A. SHIRES Refledar Raleigh Burean RALEIGH legislature is increasingly anxious to rid itself of a do nothing tag is soon as possible.

Obviously a solution is for the lawmakers to do something about pending major legislation. Herein lies the rdi By and large, it seems legUidora of the 19S7 Aaaem-h^ aimply arai*t to the mood to do very much very soon.

theyve stalled aroinid for early two anda half mootfas ooir, totrodnctog a lot biHs and taBdng about them now and then in committee. But the fact is toat the AaMznbly has dodged coming to grips wtth very many major lagis-

that lawmakers are extremely hesitant and reluctant to take a firm stand.

Analysis of Reasoas

Basically, any analysis of the underljing reasons for apparent slowness and delay most boH down to certain cop-clnsions.

Foe one, the Assembly found that certain mattersbrown bagging, East Carolina status and congressional redis-tricting are not only highly controversial but emotional issues. They are red hot and explosive to a political scene.

Finding satisfactory, widely-acceptable answers to of these problems isnt going to

bttre teuaTid its pacTi* JfV

lafb piliifally at te ao- iJDst doing anything

mldpdiit of the

Another ooncltision Is that much of the iwnaining so-

It

\

session.

Ekcnset Are Mkde

Numerous ex c o s e s are made. Many legislators Uame the holdup on lack of progress toward aolvtog the socidled brown bagging liquor law question and the East Caroli-M College - university status '^eotroversy.

WnUAM

Winning high office in politics Js often a sobeiv ing occurance. In Gov. Maddoxs case it involved a final vote by the State Legislature before he could claim the office.

It is to his credit that he sensed the great responsibilities which he has assumed. Georgia in-eludes within its borders one of the key cities of the nation in Atlanta. It is known throughout the nation for its progressiveness.

Gov. Maddox must have weighed all this in pursuing a more moderate course, once he became governor. If he continues in this way, Georgia, the South and the nation will be the grainers.

Hundreds Still Await The Supreme Penalty

It is significant that while the number of executions of persons sentenced to death for capital crimes has diminished sharply in recent years, the number of people in prison under death sentences has risen sharply during the same period.

The reason, of course, is that even though states have appeared reluctant to carry out the death sentences imposed by their laws and their courts, such sentences are still being impiosed in goodly numbers.

Execution by the state of California last week of a man convicted of slaying a policeman has given new rise to the continuing debate over capital punishment. It was the fimt execution by a state this year and only the second in two yean. The execution brought to nine the number of people who have been put to death under state laws mnce 1965. This compares with 83 people who died in state executions from 1962 through 1964.

There is hardly a state legislature that in recent years has not considered a proposal to do away with capital punishment. While some few states have done so, the Vast majority of the states have. reconfirmed their laws which impose the death penalty In certain cases.

This has been North Carolinas position in recent years, and it appears likely to continue to be the position of the state for years to come.^

North Carolina, in our judgement, has acted wisely in keeping its capital punishment laws on its books. The very fact that the state continues to have its capital punishment laws provides a deterrent to crime which otherwise would be lost

Major Points Con Get Lost

Wing I Youth

By JAMES KILPATRICK

Gensoring Of Obscenity

Editors Note; Several years ago. Columnist James J. Kila-patrick wrote a book, The Smut Peddlers, cn the law of obscodty oensordiip. Congressman Dominidi V. Daniels (D.-NJ.), chairman (d a House select committee studying pomograpl^ bills, came across the book and adud Ki^atridi to testify before the committee today (A^ to). The fdtowing eotomn is adapted from his statement

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP)-Pres-ident Johnson has a habit of throwii^ so many different things into one speech, like packing a shopping bag, his

main points some times get * think he should pull the plec-

mntB8

But other legislators pri-v^ely are blaming other

fiddled around too long witoout making a real tffoii, says one lawmaker twSdly. OOwn charge a ladi of leaderahip on the floors and to In^xirtant com-dttees.

Stffl other legislative soore-ts say the state political sR-atioQ is so fluid at this point

called major legislation involves rniaey. These are bills which require longer, more deliberto study in the big subcommittees of Appropriations and Finance whetiier they involve 1967-69 appropriations or change in tnj states tax stnKture. No matter how early they are introduced, seldom does a tax or appropriation bin come out of its respective committee until that committee has iinislied the bu& of its work. In a usual legislative session this ie late May or June.

PoBtks Plays Part

Of course, pditics also plays a part to what the legislature decides about major or any other legislation. rp ^

In the current sessi<m in Ra- CTO 1 OClClV

leigh, the Democratic majori- ^ *

ty is aware of a larger Re-

critics bade op.

Its doubtful some of them would back iq), no matter what he said.

As the critics get louder, tome people have come to

lost in the public mind.

While he has made a nm-ber of separate statemenla and speeches on the war in Vietnam, with varying effectiveness, at no time has he been able to make the war

This Date 40 Years

publican bloc than usual GOP members to the House and seven in the Senate -r und this is cause' for caution.

Republican members already have shown their readiness to put the partisan spotlight on Assembly actions and the lash of responsibility on Democratic foai^i

the Daily Reflector

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s together and in one long, detail^, and clearly reasoned speech devoted entirely to the war explain the American role to it, and the backgrouDd.

His administration has harped (Hi the American determination to see that the pe<^ of South Vietnam remain to choose their own government in a democratic way.

This gets hooted at since after 13 years of direct U. S. help to South Vietnam the peo-, people there havent yet been able or allowed to'choose the (Cbnttoeed On Page 5)

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS INCREDIBLE

Recmtly we had the unusual experience of sitting down with a group of clergymen, CathoUc and Protestant, and i discussing our common interests, AflCT it was over, I remarked to a friend, This really didnt happen tonight. It was a dream. If we pinch ourselves hard enough, well wake up.

But it did happen, and it constituted one of the most inspiring evenings that fifty or more of us have spent, for a long time. We freely ad-mittted that we had our differences, and we did not try to gloss over these differences. But what we insisted on was that we were all Christ-believers, that most of the beliefs held by the one group were held by the otho* atoo, and we were unanimous in our optoian that the only way we can ever have religkns peace in the world is for us to agree to disagree on certain mattes and then to ge together on the things that are utterly essential.

Pope John XXm was certainly one of the greatest Individuals ever to Uve on this planet The CoUege of Cardi-nals agoniied over the eeleo-tloD of a pope and at last in utter frustration picked out John and said. Well bave this old man until we cm get a retl pope. As a matter of peoples* oiwani- fact, he will probably go down Albemarle nes- in raaUvy as one of the greatest persons, and certainly one of the greatist cfaurcbmtn, of all time.

Four hundred years of etife and now cooperatioii. Ptoch me. It cant be happening, but It is.

Gentiemen:

1 doubt l^t I can be of mudi assistance to the committee, largely because 1 approach this wh^ subject of obscmity with so many doubts in my mind. It seems to me uoiHaly, as a matter d law, that,any/ enduring definition ' can he found for what is criminally obscehe. Certai n 1 y the courts have not contrived one. And if new laws are to be drafted for suppressing obscene magazines or obscene movies, it would be useful to

know what is now meant by

the word.

The underlying assumption of all legislation to this fidd is that obecenity, whatever it is, lies beyond the protected walls of the First Amendment. The theory is that mans freedom of speech gives him no freedom to speak obscenely; the writer, e^tor, publisher, and photographer are free to market their ideas and their works, but they re not free to traffic to filth.

Now, that is a pr<^Msitioii I am prqtored to accept But I am working newspaperman; I have made my livtog ae a wroter for nearly 30 years. And whenever I see you gentlemen beginntog to fiddle around with statutes that un-dertMie to define classes of speech which are prohibited speech, I become acutely uneasy.

Taking one thing with another, and put on my choice between dirt and censorriiip, I would opt for the dirt The

Other Editors Saying

Brotherly Love

By FOY H. DUNCAN April, 1927 Investigate Babbling Gas la Pactlas Gas bubbling from a canal in the vicinity ol Pactolus has led to thoughts of the possibility of oil in that section, and to^y a thorough investigation and analysis of the gas is underway in an effort to define its source. . . The drainage canal runs from Bethel throoii^ the Pactolus community. Last year it was dredg-geo. In the vicinity of Pactm-lus considerable marl deposits were cut through. It was near this location that gas was bubbling up... It to on the estate of J. R Davenport, and has been bubbltog since Thanksgiving. . . tttday afternoon the Reflector was presented with a bottle of gas cau^t by F. W. Satterthwaite. The bottle was opened, a match applied, and a blue flame followed. .. .

(Rldunoad News Leader)

In a recent issue of the North Carolina State magazine, J. a McMillan, of Ed-enton, provided .an historical note on the origtos of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

According to Mr. McMullan, the story began when Benjamin Chew, a Quaker lawyer who later became a State supreme court chief justice, sold a Negro family named Alloi to an out-of-State buyer. Subsequently, one of the two Allen children, Richard, saved $2,000 to purchase his freedom. As a free man, he turned to itinerant preaching.

After several years of preaching to congregations to several States, Richard decided to return to his native dty, where he had been owned by th4 Chew family. He wanted to become a member of a leading churdi th'e, St. Georges, and to continue his preaching. However, the allwhite church

permitted him to preach only at 6 oclock in the morning.

Before long, be had collected a forge following from among local Negroes, many of whom also jd^ the church. Then the churchs white membership became alarmed. During a sGTiion, a cfaurdi officer forcibly removed a Negro, Absalom Jones, who was kneeling to prayer. Other Negroes in the congregation were told that they were not welcome to St. Georges. Led by Richard Allen, the Ne g r o es .withdrew from the duirch and organized the African Metlio-di Episcopal Church for Negroes only.

It might be expected that this act of discrimination occurred in the antebellum South. No. As Mr. McMullan noted. Chief Justice CSiew lived to Phifodelphfo, and be sold the Allen family to a resident of Dover, Delawai. And St Georges Church was not located in Georgia or Mississippi, but to Philadelpliiathe dty of brotherly love.

By ROWLAND EVANS nmi ROBE31T NOVAK

WASHINGTON What happened in a secret vmeetoig duiing last months Young RepabUean training conference here riiows hov^ far away the Republican party still is from solving the chronic and sertoos problem of its youth auxilimy.

The unscheduled meeting took place at the Sheraton-Park Hotel suite of Kansas State Senator Tom R. Van Sickle, National Chairman of t^ Young Repul^af (YRs). Present woe sevo-al prominent YR leaders including the two leading candidates to succeed Van Sickle at this summers national convention to Omaha: Tennessees Jack McDonald, candidate ef the dominant andconservative syndtoate** faction, and Oil-los James Betts, rqwessnting a more modento cppoMtfon faction.

Most hDfiortant was the pn-sence there of one not - se-young RepribBcni NSbns-. js astute Rqiabaen oattoo-al cmnmtttewnap, Deo Bom,

dirt, ti least, can be seen; and I can avoid it, or sweep it up, or paint over it, or accept it as one of the smelly irritants of a free society. But you cannot always see censorship to action; you may not know of its sflent exerdae. If we bdieve in a free society, we must beUeve to a society that is free for Ideas that are offeosive to us; and we 00^ to deliberate most prayerfrdty before we attempt by law to impose any sjrstem of Federal valiies to morals or taste.

These are sobering prob-lems; but I am equally sobered by the conviction fliat obscenity exists, whether or not it can be predaely defined. R exists, as a matter d law, just as raucous noise exists, or disorderly condact, or ugliness, or infement to riot, or indecent exposure, or the common nuisance. None of these is subject to precise definition either, but it is late in'the day to argue that society is in-cap^e of protecting itself against the sound trudi, the litterbug, and the autmnobile graveyard.

Under its power to establish a* postal eystem, and its power to regidate interstate commerce, the Congress certainly has power to pass laws in this field. And to my own view, the First Amendment presents no obstade so long as the thrust of Fedoral power goes tightly and narrowly to tiie real social evil, which L the commercial traffic in hard-core pornography. This is the act of polluting, as surely as discharging raw sewage, and it ought to be equally subject to Federal attack.

Admittedly I cannot prove this commerce is harmfn, even to young people, to the sense that one can prove harm in bacteria; but I doubt that the ccmtrary can be proved either tiiat it is not harmfid. On this basic question, you will hear sharply conflicting speculations. The psy-chologwts are sincere in believing tint pornography is healthy, in that it provide an essentially private release fm* certain oti-socfol sexual tensions. The police are sin-core in befievtog that he hardcore materia] sets thoughts in (Cootiimed On Page i)

vdm is NattoDil Oatfinen Ray Blisss emissaiy In deal-tog witii file fractious YRs.

In that rde. Boss toformsd the medtog tiod BUSS wanted Ml candidates lor nsttipsl chairman to adhere Jn ad-vanee to a watered - down version of recommsodstions made aevoral yean ago by former Nstiooal Clialrman Meade Afeon at a tbne the YRs were emharraggtog the national party.

R seemed a reasonabia request The recommendatiops would merdy give the National Commtttee some small element of control over the policy and finances of the YRs. Yet, Rosss proposal caused a storm of protest

A group of Soutoern members of the syndicate faction, headed by Bliss Terry Gautier of BfississfonI, was particularly incCTsed. Syndicate candidate Md)onald made it clear he could not and would not make any commitment. His moderate opponent, Betts, was to a btol If he had gone along, he would have destroy^ what meager chance be' has of weaping away convention deleg from McDonald.

^at leaves the next move up to Bliss. ^ Ross stressed that Bliss was issuing no ultimatum. And anybody familiar with the cautious poliiical style of Ray Bliss can safely predict that he will take no frontal action to disdpfine the YRs.

Thus, the YR tiiatifln now looks like this: the syadcate forces, which dominated the last two national conventions, will be even stronger Omaha after having taken over YR organizations to Cafifomia, .Connecticut, and the District of Columbia. McDonald be an easy winner over Betts, and, more important, he will probably take office Fithout making any commitments that might reduce the autonomy of the YRs.

The significance of all this transcends the factional struggle of a group of post ^ adolescent Repul^ans. The continued domination of the syndicate without real toterfer-ence from Bliss assifrto that the YRs will go into the crucial 19$$ electioo year as a party organ committod to a right - of - colter ideology, superbly conditioiied for totra-party warfare but not equip-(Conttoued On Page I)

Bigger Than The Miranda Cose

GreewviOe Raaks Ogji Greenville has the third higheet rating of any dty to the State when it comes to the pure milk, according to facts recently made public by the United States Public Health Service. . .

Pretbyterlaa Yeung People Hold Meeting at Farmville

The Albemarle Presbyterian Young Peoples League held a very helpful and enthusiastic conference in the Falkland Presbytertoo Cbnreh on Baa-ter Monday, some 89 or more young people and their leaders being present as delegates from Presbyterian Christian Etodeavor Societies and other young zations in the bytery. . .

(By Cbarry Ckisp)

J. U. a dab The J. U. O. Club met wHh Miss Clara Jane Boney yesterday aftemooB....

By ELMER ROESSNER A new case is heading toward the Supreme (fourt that may have a deeper effect on life in America than the Miranda case, in wtoch it was held that a confeaskn cannot be used against a prisoner unless he is told of his right to remain siteot and to have legal counsel.

The new case is presently concerned with only dvil ma^ ters, but the principles involved can spill over into ciimtoal cases.

The Cinderella Careers College and Fiidifatog School has persuaded Judge Jdoeph C. McGarraghy of the Federal District Court in Washington to enjoin the Federal Trade Commission from Issuing any press release concerning its complaint against dnderella until a trial for a permanent toionction is held or a final mliiif is made against the school.

Power Te Destroy The case is based on the old contention that the power to complain is almost the power to destroy. An accusation against a person or a company, no matter how biseleis, creates a suspicion, and denials rarely catch up with cd-ginal charges.

BOESSNER

Tbe FTC has been relatively fair in this field. R has le-sued press releases when it has brought charges against a business. When the accused company replies, the FTC reports tiiat to a press relesse, and every step of the case is

similarly made public. And whether the company is finally ordered to cease and desist, or is cleared, the FTC dutifully publicizes ths outcome.

Cinderrila charged, and Judge McGarraghy agreed, that an FTC statement would be unfairly harmful until and unless the charges were proved.

Up To Top Court

The FTC indicated it woold appeal, and the matter may eventually retch the Siq^eme Court And if the Court agrees with Onderella, then it may become iUegel for any civil accusetion to be made public until the accusation was adjudicated. An attorney generala action to bust a trust, one bustoessa suit against another, or a wifes divorce charges against her husband may have to be kept secret until the case was over, save for the bare court record.

R this principle is accepted

in civil laF, It may be grtend-ed to crininal fow. A statement by the police tiiat a man had been arrested for ipiutic'' might be deemed to be a pre-jo<5Sal error.

Cmipted with the Ikranda decision, the aventoilklinde-rella mliog may maltefit impossible to coin^ a pcison of any criminal as weQ ik dvil offense. The fact that s*m is accused may be nnfafrly in-fringtog on its rights, end the arrest of a man, by liSplying his guilt, may he held.to impair Us right to a fair trial.

dallNeite rTomr Huettgh Next Two Decades

Want to be sure of an endlessly increasing raunber of customers? Move yoor business to Califonda.

Two years ago th^Ceiisus Bureau estimUed t^.by 19-85 Calitonfo wouldmve a population of 18.4 million.

A W days im tWised Its estimate to bIioil