h^icray, February H, 1966

Action By The Senate

fleiiftte action yesterday, hopefully, has pt to rest the administrations proposal for repeal of a part of the Taft-Hartley Act.

This section of the law allows states to prohibit labor contracts which require all workers to Join a union or at least pay dues to a labor organization. Nineteen of the states, including North GaroUna, have such right-to-work laws for the protection of their citizens.

Certainly the provision in the federal law which allows for such state laws should be retained. And certainly the determination of the Senate not to be coerced by the administration into repealing section 14(b) is to be commended.

Last year the House, under administration pressure, passed a measure which would have repealed this important section of the law. Later last year the Senate balked at passage and in spite of heavy administration pressure used the filibuster method of killing the proposal. As soon as Congress con-vened in January the measure was again called up by the Senate Democratic leadership.

Just yesterday that leadership failed for the second time this week to choke off a filibuster on

The Sea-Grant College Dream

By WmiAM A SHIRES

IDEA the idea of es-tablisUng sea grant colleges to do for fishing what land grant a}lleges have done for farming famt new. But It is an ever challenging one, especially as the wwdd population and demand for food eontinnes to grow.

It is m idea which North Carolina, through official action of the l^te Board of Conservation and Development, has now cndomed and win push vigorously In Congress.

That (be CftD board support the idea of grant colleges was suggested strongly by the diairman of C6d)s committee on commercial and sports flshcries, Petro Kulynyd! of Wilkes-boro. Ha also offered a companion proposal that the state undertake an expanded program of extenskn work in the field of commercisd fisheries.

FOOD This may not come to pais immediately and certainly not overnight, says Kulynych. But we need to get som^itng started akg this lina.**

He points out ttiat land grant^ported agricultural research and otensioa pro-

ams have transformed nning in die United States.

It has made the U.S. the greatest producer of food and fiber in die world. Today. the American farmer has at his fingertips a wealth of adentific iolormatioii and data about crops and live-atock, soils, fertilizers, seed and feed, weather, growipg cycles, aildration, harvesting and marketing.

He has Bterally haodreds

of state and federal programs ranging from canning and preserving to sources of credit to help Improve his production, profits and his standard of living.

FISHERIES >- But what about the sea? During the agrioiltural revolution of the past 50 years, relatively little in the way of new knowledge has be3 obtained abmit perhaps an even greater and richer source of food-4 he ocean.

Thera are few programs and dioss extremely limited in ^pe to assist the commercial fisherman.

**We are far behind our times in doing something about this, Kiynycb says. He outlined a three-part program (d extension work for fish^ies which wmild include obtaining and disseminating scientific Information, introducing of new fishing methods ^ techniques and developing better processing, distribution and marketing procedures.

On sea grant colleges, Kuly-oych rCNsred specifically to legislation authorised by Sen. daibome Pell of Rhode Island. Sea grant schools wonid be financed by 10 per cent of federal receipts for 0 and mineral leases on the continental sheif. It would be a federaUy^financed program, but for North Carolina, Knly-nych would favor incorj^-ting tiie sea grmit college program in the presit University system.

EXTENSION One <Hffi-culty In expanAng commercial fisheries extension work through federal programs lies in trying to co-dinate nearly two dozen federal agencies involved in some way in oceanography and marine science.

Dr. A F. Chestnut, director of the Institute of Fisheries Research already established in the University of North Carolina, said if we wait for the federal government, we*rc going to wait a long time.

Meanwhile, several states -4iotafaly Florida and Maine m-e vdoping state programs.

Tlw Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

DAVID JUUAN WHICHARD, Chairman of The Board

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882 JOHN S. WHICHARD-DAVID J. WHICHARD Publishers filtered at Post Office, Ofeenvllle, N. a as second clasa mm matler.

if

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier (In Towns) Week SOc

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week 35c

By MAtt, Payabts In Advance Greenvfie Poat Office, tt County, RobersonvUle. Vanceboro, WashingU and Chocovinlty.

Ttiree Ifonths ............................ 3-W

Six Montlw .............................. T.00

on# Year ................................WMB

North OaroUna (other than Usted above)

tliree M(mths ............................ W

Six lionthw .......................... TJO

One Year .................................

Plus 3% N. O. Bales Tax All Ottier Outside North Carolina

Thrae Months ........... 4JB

atx Mocthi ........ too

One Year ................................tW-OO

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the matter. For all practical purposes it means the measure is dead for this session of Congress.

If tho measure is taken up again in another session of Congress it will have to go to both houses. By then, perhaps, the membership of the House will recognize the wisdom of the ^nate in rejecting this unreasonable proposal. Perhaps the House membership will recognize the nation-wide opinion polls which indicate overwhelming public opposition to repeal of the right-to-work laws.

For the time being, however, the Senate is to be commended for its action which has preserved th important right of states to have right-to-work laws for their people.

Astronomy No Longer An Obscure Profession

It hasnt been too many years ago when astronomers were thought of as obscure todividuals who spent their years in observatories squinting through telescopes at twinkling stars in the darkened skies.

Whether or not their work had any real value to the human race was of some doubt to the man in the street. About all the common man knew of the Universe was that the Earth revolved around the sun and sea captains steered by the stars.

However obscure the work of astronomers was in the past, it certainly cannot be looked upon as a dubious profession these days.

The scientists at Jodrell Bank in England proved that over the week. There, training its powerful radio receiver on the moon, the astronomers picked up signals from a Soviet space station. Some sharp eared individual detected that the signals were the same as those used to transmit radio and telephotos around the world.

So off they went to borrow an ordinary wlre-photo receiver such as is found In many newspaper offices. The signals were fed into the machine and, sure enough, a picture began to take shape. It was the first close up of the moon ever seen by the Free World or, for that matter, the public anywhere, since Jodrell released the photos for world publication.

The whole thing nearly caused an international incident with the Russians claiming the pictures were distorted and that Jodrell was very unprofessional about it all.

But the pictures were out for all to see and it Is doubtful that anyone will ever put astronomers In the obscure class again. Theirs is a top profession today in this space fascinated world.

By ART BUCHWALD

The Beauty Of Science

D,

iougner roiicy On Guidelines

It has just been reported to a group of American rfiysi-cists that a new gravity bomb equal to one million H-bombs could someday be built. At the moment it is

impractical because of size and cost as well as a ladr of a triggering device, but they said the H-bomb was inqirac-tical a few years ago, too.

The imp<1ant thing is that

By NEEL GHRRIDE

WASHINGTON (AP) -The John son administration is showing impatient signs of a tougher policy toward some labw unions und^ its wage-prke guidelines program.

The administration used the guid^st policy in pressuring big business to roll back some price increases last year. Now labor and wages are getting increasing attention as inflation pressures mount.

The government so far has moved behind the scenes, for the most part, in efforts to arrest what it considers ex-cessive wage demands by some labor unions. But an open showdown soon seems likely.

The result could be anything from a few minor bumps and bruises to a major rupture between the JohiBon acbnini-stration and organized labor.

President George Meany of the 13-million-member AFL-CIO already has warned that labor will accept no federal contrds on wages unless they are equally appUed to price and profits. The giant labor federation will take up the whole question at its meetings starting in Miami Beach next Monday.

The government already has made one* abortive attempt to persuade construction unions to agree to a compulsory plan of wage settlements.

The reply was a stinging no. But one high labor official said I think theyll be leaning on us from now on.

If President Johnson really wants to get tough and so far he hasnt he can wield the same nightstick ag a i nst

many unions that pressured the rollback of steel, copper and aluminum sice increases last year.

This is the gigantic power of the nK>re than $50 billion a year the government pours out for federal construction contracts, defense purchasing and other spending in the private economy.

If the threat of switching ccmtracts from firms that refused to lower prices worked, why wouldnt the threat of switching to non-union labor?

In the case of construction, there is plenty of nonunion labor or at least non-AFL-CIO workers around to use as a threat to switch many federal contracts.

Whether Johnson would go that far is by no means certain, but one informed government source confirmed t h at there was mounting federal pressure on the building and construction unions.

I think the head man (Johnson) wants to keep the freeze on wages, prices and profits, this source said

In the case of wages, this obviously cant be accomplished by a simple appeal to labor leaders who have ccsist)t-]y ignored White House guidelines.

The Initial AFL-CTO attack will be against Johnsons Council of Economic Advisers rather than on the Pre^dent himself.

These academicians dont ever face the problems that other people do, said one high federation spokesm a n angrily.

These workers are liva (Continued On Page 5)

Other Editors Saying

Close To Famine Line

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

Another warning has been sounded about the serious rate of growth of the worlds popih lation. Robert C. Cook, presi-6eat of the Population Reference Bureau, says that the population is expanding at such a rate tiiat 100 million pers(M)s were close to the famine line and that time is short if mass tragedy is to be averted.

Experts have for 10 years been issuing the same kind of warning. And while increased food production and drastic changes in the way the food is (iistributed in order to reach those needing it most may alleviate the problem temporarily, it will not cure the basic problem which is simply an unleashed birth rate.

There are all sorts of arguments involving moral and religious issues which could be used to oppose birth cxxa-trol measures in those nati(is which are producing people the fastest. But one cannot ignore the stark facts and the reality of the situation. Morals and ethnics mean little to people who are watching their children slowly starve to death.

The Population Reference Bureau, which is a ncmprofit, nongovernmental research organization in Washingt(i, released statistics for 131 counties. It showed that tha birth

rate is up, the death rate is down, and if the trend continues the world populat ion will double by the year 2(X)0.

President Johnson has emphasized the need for an international attack on the problem in order to control populations. This concern comes none too soon. It may be too late to avoid tragedy in many areas of acute distress.

The bureaus r^xH-t said that (hiring the 12-month period ^ding in mid-1965, the worlds populaticm gained by 56 million personswhich is 10 million more than the entire peculation erf West Germany, the largest nation in Europe. As of mid-1965, there were 3,308 billion persons living on earth, a two per cent increase frcmi the {nrevious year. In 1965 there were approximately 125 million births in the world and 60 million deaths. The faster growing area is Latin America. Africa and Asia are not far behind.

In order for any birth control program to work in backward, flliterate counties, it will be necessary to launch an intmslve education program in the need for birth control. Until the masses in Asia, Africa and Latin America can be made to understand that the pro^am is designed to meet their own desperate need, such a program will never get off the ground.

Giant Who Is

,oved

By HAL BOYLB NEW YORK (AP) Of all the great captains of earth the one most affectionately remembered probably is he who was born in a Kentu(^ log cabin 157 years ago Saturday.

Success came late and death came early to Abraham Lincoln.

There Is no explaining his genius. As did those other great captains of pen and sword, William Shakespeare and Joan of Arc, he sprang seemingly from nowhere to Immortal fame.

Almost from birth UncMhi appeared likely to wind up an also-ran In lifes race.

He was poor and had little formal schooling. He failed in business as a storekeeper. He was unlucky In both love and politics, it seemed.

His youthful sweetheart, Ann Rutledge, died. The first woman he proposed to, Mary Owens, turned him down and explained later: Mr. Lincoln was deficient in tiiose little links wWch make up the path d a won-anf happineit.**

HAL

BOYLB

in the next 10 years many countries will be developing atomic bombs and H-bombs and the countries that now possess these bombs will no longer have the prestige and position they hold in world affairs today.

Therefore, the gravity bomb could be the answer to those who want to stay ahead in the nuclear arms race.

The big fear In the world today is that China, France, Israel, Egypt, India, and Monaco may all become nuclear powers. And the question is how do you settle disputes when everybody has an H-bomb.

ART

BUCHWALD

The answer is the gravity bomb. No country is going to start any trouble with us when they know that if they use the H-bomb we would use a bomb one million times more powerful.

The only two nations who have the capacity to build the gravity bomb are the United States and the Soviet Union. But the fear is that if one country gets its gravity bomb built first the other country might feel endangered. The best way to resolve this Is for the United States, who will probably get its bomb built first, to allow the Soviet Union to steal i t s secrets.

This could easily be done by inviting Dr. Klaus Fuchs (Continued On Page 5)

His subsequent marriage to Mary Todd proved a stormy one.

He lost more election! than he won. Anticipating defeat in his first race for a seat in the Illinois Legislatura in 1832 and he did lose Lincoln wrote:

If the good people in their wisdom shall see fit to keep me in the backg r o u nd, 1 have been too familiar with disappointment to be much chagrined.

When his business failed, leaving him debt-ridden, ha became a village postmaster. Had he succumbed to his tendency to melancholy and selfdoubt, young Abe might well have disappeared Into tha mists of history, just anothp er obscure frontia* failure.

But he petisted. He turned to the study (rf law and grammar. Slowly his> sttf rose. In 1856 be remarked Jokingly during a losing race for senator against Stephen Douglas:

Nobody aver expected ma to be prttideni In my poor, lean, lank face nobody has ever seai that any cabbages were sprouting.

But he was wrong there. Four years lata* he bad become presidat And lass than five years later, only 56, he was killed by an assassin. But in tiiat brief period he had become the indispensable human fulcrum that kept the American nation from teeter-tottering Into ruin.

One of those rare men uncorrupted by vast power, Lincoln has been meara written about than any otha head of state with the possible exception of Napoleon.

But the thing that undoubtedly would please Abraham Lincoln most about his present status is that, of all the giant figures of mankind they read about In their history books, he is file one most loved by children.

' ,abar Demands-Big And Tough

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS OUT THERE

What lies beyondthat is, in the realm beyond death?

Our astronauts are getting out into areas that man did not even know existed several centuries ago. They are defying the laws of gravitation aito walking on noUrfng at all. They are looking , down upon cities and continents. They are looking up to the moon, theplanets and the stars beyond.

And yet, when faith reveals to us Its deepest secretas we hope it willcan it possibly explain to us the nature of the universe? We apprehend the universe by the use of five limited senses. Ca-talnly thae must be areas which our. senses can not reach or comprehend. Pa-haps right beside us In another

dimension living bodies are going about in an order of society distinctly their own.

Is heaven up or down? This we do not know and probably it makes little difference. But beyond the capacity of the senses to comprehend, there Is a reality which is the answer to every question ttie human life can raise. Thae is something in our hearts that corresponds to the' most significant of all realities out there.

We may be standing at the threshold of disclosures the like of which humanity has never even dreamed of. On the other hand, we may neva know the full nature of all that lies beyondand certainly we will not know that nature unless it is Gods will to reveal it to us.

By ELMER R0E8SNER

Labor demands this year win be big and tough. Labor has no intention of abiding by the 3.2 per cent guide-1M set by the Presidents Gouncil of Economic Advisors.

Many labor leaders have denounced this figure as unreasonable, and thae was more than wcards in the illegal New York transit strike.

The guideline has been not mu(rf) heavia than a spld-as web, anyhow. It was broken in the auto industry as well as the transit strike and it looks as if unions arent going to pay much attention to it. The . S. Chamber of Commace approved, however, which merely means that labor will assume that a 3.2 pa cent increase has been approved by employers and the only thing to fight about is how much above (hat mark wages can

be pushed.

REASONS FOR HIGHER DEMANDS Thae are several reasons why labor wants to make it a big year:

1. The cost of living is advancing. Workers who have had no inaease since last February are actually working for less today, in terms of the spending power of their dollars.

2. Larger social security deductions have already cut take-home pay of all wofk-ers and the Coming increase

in withholding taxes will cut it furtha for most workers. There will be strong demands for pay rises to offset these deductions. Fur-tbamore, state and local taxes have been increasing and workers will need more money to pay them.

3. The shortage of skilled labor is putting unions in a much stronga bargaining position, and is sonaething unions are not likely to overlook.

4. The probable increase in arms spending will increase the demand for skilled workers, still further enhancing labors bargaining position.

5. C!orporate profits are rising. They jumped from annual rates of $65.5 billion in the third quarter of 1964 to $73.5 billion in the third quarter of 1965. Dividends in 1964 were $172 billioQ and in 1965 were $18.9 billion. And by last December they had reached the rate of $20.2 billion.

What is probably affecting waker attitudes more than these dry figures is the Juicy fact that Genaal Motors made more than $2.1 billion to 1965. Laba is willing to share.

The situation wiU not be helped by the fact that some labor leaders feel that Presidoit Johnson has let them down. At this writh^, the fight to repeal section 14-b of the Tait-Hartiey Act seems lost, and labas otha demands have not fared well to Congress.

Tbi new minimum wage bin was not voted last year, the bill to allow^ picketing at an industrial site got bogged down, and the measure compensation did not get out of the House Ways and Means Committee. Howeva, the White House neglected its labor program in concentrat* ing on civil rights measures last year. This year the concentration may be reversed.