Wdneday, June 27, 1962

Small Consolation

Curb On Our Religious Freedom?

We seriously question whether the Supreme Court decision declaring prayer in public schools to be unconstitutional does not represent a giant step toward denying religious freedom in this nation rather than: protecting the rights of indlividual citizens.

The decision strikes at the very heart of the American heritage, the very foundation of the philosophy of the democratic system of government laid down by those who wrote the constitution the Supreme Court has interpreted.

If it is unconstitutional for school children to have prayers on a voluntary basis in the classrooms, how much greater infringement upon the right of individuals to require that they use as legal tender items bearing the inscription In God We Trust?

If the acknowledgement of a Supreme Being in the classroom through prayer violates the constitution, how does the requirementMhat public officials 8W,ear by God to uphold the constitution stand in the face of the document which the high tribunal now says prohibits classroom prayers?

The oath\aken by public officials, prayers said at the opening of Congress each day, the words recited at the opening of each federal court session acknowledge God and invoke His blessing upon the government, and the acts of its agencies and officials. Do these things constitute less of a religi*-ous encouragement than the reciting of a prayer in the classroom?

In its high-soundPBg decision, the Supreme Court asserted the recitation of the regents prayer in the schools of New York is wholly inconsistent W'ith the establishment clause of the constitution.

A Railroad Is

But the article of the constitution dealing with religious freedom does more than prohibit a law respecting an establishment of religion. It likewise prohibits any law prohibiting the free exercise thereof ...

If prayer in public schools violates the clause prohibiting the establishment of a religion, then certainly the decision of the court violates the guarantee that no law shall prohibit the free exercise of religion.

Wittingly or unwittingly, the Supreme Court members have made theiselves parties to the striking down pf-the religious heritage of the nation by their whoHy unjustifiable interpretation.

The first official document of the nationthe Declaration of Independenceacknowledged God throughout and ended with the words: And for the support of this Declaration, with firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge . . ./

The religious nature of the people and their government has not waned in the intervening years since adoption of the instrument declaring independence or the constitution under which the government, was established. It was only six years ago that the Congress designated as the official motto of the nation In God We Trust.

Is this national motto also inconsistent with the establishment clause contained in the first amendment?

The decision of the highest court of the land could be the stepping stone not only to eliminating religious freedom in the United States, but to elimination of any official acknowledgement of religion by the government, its officials or its citizens.

In its zeal to protect what it regards the rights of a few, the high court has "wantonly disregard^ the rights of many in its decision.

..nt6rGSt6Cl, 1 OO percent Slash T T

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES NOTEBOOK There are reports that at least (xie railroad Is keeiily interested in whether phosphate deposits in Beaufort -County aredevelopedgot-merclally.

The hauling of prfiosphates apparently is profitable for the rail carriers. A good deal of phosphate is hauled by rail from Florida.

The State Bureau of Investi-ffation <SB1) plans to -submit a report on irreg:ularities at Western Carolina College to the Department of Administration In a few days.

SBI director Walter Anderson said an audit (g the WCC books being made by the state auditors (rffice uill be the final part (rf the report.

Two veteran officials of WCC. the vice president for business affairs and the college engineer. resig^ned in April and the whole case has been wrapped in official silence.

A preliminary SBI report into charges of improper financial transactions and misuse of college property was made to the trustees in March. The executive committee of th board of trustees then decided to withhold any action until a complete report could be prepared.

SPEAK Governor Sanford spoke off-the-cuff to the N. C.

Association of county commis-slaiers at Morehead City and reporters were scrambling to get his remarks, in the ab-oice of a prepared text.

It was a strategic place for the governor to deal In specifics on such things as local par-tichJatlOT in support of community colleges.

The governor did It gently.

Re called for ccHitinued local concern. Interest and attention and home rule for education !n North Carolina. ^

Basically. Sanford said, decisions especially in education matters are better decisions if made at the local level.'

Sanfords speech was followed with statements that localities should have a representative voice in the administration , of the proposed community colleges.

PROPERTY The assocla-/ ha.s high praise for the civilian-tlon of county conuni^ioners soldiers and was especially im-

wlU spearhead a'campign ta pres.sed by a platoon problem

win approval of the uniform pro- conducted In a heavy rain by

perty tax amendment to be vot- the civili^-soldiers.

gggg"i~ I'-Ti-afT--riT ' ........iiiSii

ed CHI in November.

The amendment, one of six such issues to be put before the people, would give the legislature the power to classify and - exempt property fronr taxation on a statewide basis.

It would, according to its supporters, eliminate a patchwork system of local tax exemptions which directors of the association said it resulting In reckless competition among locali-tie.s.

Special, local legislation at present may be enacted to permit a locality a county or. city to grant tax concessions not granted elsewhere in the state.

The amendment would em-pow^er the legislature to treat classes and tj-pes of property equally on a statewide basis of taxation.

GLOVES Sanford likewise wore soft gloves in dealing with other questions at a news conference in Raleigh a coupfe of days later.

He declined to be pulled into a heated controversy over the states role in leasing the Pamlico and Pungo river bottoms for phosphate mining operations in Beaufort County.

In answ'er to a question as to whether he would comment on a statement by State Sen. Lindsay C. Warren that the state was selling Beaufort Couqty down the river, Sanford saiid the states only Interest was jin assisting that area develop its economy and acquire a new and beneficial industry.

The governor also dealt gently with the issue of cutbacks in the National Guard, He said the regular Army has been u tiTlng for a number of ygarS to reduce or do away with the National Guard because it <^s not haye complete control, over the Guard. / fI

Actually. Sa|iord said, there is a great to be said In fat'or of the/ National Guard, its role In thp national defense.

Its morale, c/rganization and efficiency. /

He referred specifically to the high moraiife and capability of the 30th fOid Hickory) Division units with which he*spent a full day in a field at Ft. Bragg.'He

Would Save Billions

_______1 havig always tliqught that any agency of

government could take at least a 10 per cent cut In its budget.

That assertion by Republicd^n Sen. Hugh Scott of Pennsylvania probably came as a surprise to mo.st Americans, and it prompted us to wonder whether many other memljers of either the House or Senate share the view.

The Pennsylvania Senators assertion came on the heels of the assertion a few days ago by former President Eisenhower that the budget of the Defense Department should be cut substantially.

If there is a possibility that the budget of the defense department or any other agency of the federal government can be I'educed without jeopardizing the nations welfare, each individual member of Congress has the responsibility# to do what it can to effect the economy in government.

Althougfi a 10 per cent cut doesnt sound like much, it would represent a reduction of almost $10 billion in the proposed expenditures of the'government during the coming rtscal year. Certainly the American taxpayers would be highly pleased if it were possible for Congress to hammer out an effective and realistic budget which reflected a reduction of expenditures of much less than 10 per cent.

If the budget of any agency or department of the government is carrying a 10 per cent cushion as the statement of Sen. Scott suggestsevery effort should be made to squeeze the fat out of the budget.

In dealing with gigantic figures suchas those in the national budget, a few percentage points

By HENRY HOWARD

nlike TV

Tegal Cases

ATTORNEYS. Just'like everybody else, have their headaches. And, sur prisinffly enough, they have the very kind of problems that nobody thinks they have.

The illustrious lawyers on TV can unflinchingly and un-hesitantly assume with assurance that clients invariably tell the truth when in the attorneys chambers.

Not so in reality, It seems.

By the nature of their profession, attorneys cannot afford leisurely gullibility when discussing a clients indiscretions that have run him afoul of the dignity of the State.

While they must consider a constant alertness for themselves, at times it takes no

real clairvoyance to see the gaping holes in the clients tale marauding as the truth. The subject brings 'to mind a recent experience related by one of the local counselors: 'There was the client, charged with speeding at about 100 miles per hour.

^ There was some question about the circumstances leading to the arrest after a high-.speed (up to 135 m.p.h.) chase by an agile member of the Highway Patrol.

Naturally, the attorney, in planning a defense for his client, felt he needed to know the circumstances, exactly as they had happened.

Well, the client injected an extraneous, unidentified ve-

Other Eiditors Saying... Confusion And Delay

hide (which nobody else had seen).

He explained: Yeah, thats right. The patrolman pulled out behind me, I guess, but .then this other car passed ine so fast I couldnt even see what kind it w'as.

But the patrolman said when his ^>eedometer got to 100 you were still leaving him.

And he said he got up to 135

before he caught you seven miles further, the counselor protested, then asked; Tell me, how fast do you think the

car that passed you w'as mov

ing?

Oh-h-h, calculated the client, he musta been hittln about 150.

'This is one of those cases where Sherlock Holmes isnt needed.

represent cijii.siderably .nwney to taxpayers.

potential savings

anauaae Is A

biippery ining

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By RAV.MOM) J. (ROWLKY

WASHINGTON t AP It was a great day for Hugo Lafayette Black, 76, one-time cotton pick-er.

There he sat on the Supreme Court bench and listened to the solicitor general of the United States, tall and handsome in his cutaway coat, eulogize him.

The solicitor general, Archibald Cox, called attention to the fact that Black was completing Monday his 35th term on the high tribunal. Cox spoke ' of Blacks contributions to the country, to the law, and to the court.

Not a flicker of a facial muscle showed that Black enjpyed it, as he. must have. Anyway, from his point of view', the best w:as yet to come. ___________

For later at Mondays session he got to read in tones of emotional sblemnity a majority decision striking a blow for his interpretation of his favorite constitutional amendment, the First.

It seems that the regents in charge of New York State public schools, being well-intentioned men, decided that a Wt of religion ought to be introduced into the classroom. It took the form of a short prayer, as de- void of sectarianism as the regents could make it.

Black, wdth the aid of five other justices, knocked the prayer right out the schoolroom window. The practice was, they said, wholly inconsistent wUb the First Amendment clause saying

is hard to see how an official religion is established by letting those who want to say a prayer .say it.

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion. "

Thi.s decision will have reverberations loud and long, .^d-WSCates of absolute separation of church and state began to hail it as soon as the headlines hit the street. Some such as Leo Pfeffer,. general counsel of the American Jewish Congress, interpreted it as making clear that federal funds may not be^ used to finance parochial school education. "

The high court, with its pre.s-ent makeup, w^ould no doubt ^agr^ with this interpretatiim.

Othens saw in the decision a blow to the nation.s spiritual ^iciitage. They agreed with Justice Stewart, dissenter, that it

Some accused Black of fostering godleSsness, as the Kremlin does. Whatever his critics may say. Black will have no quarrel with their right to say it. He believes the First Amendments guarantee of free speech Ls absolute,^ He even believes there should be no libel law on this he is probably in a minority of one. f

Black ha.s come a long way since his Alabama cotton-picking days. He worked his way through law^ school, became a fire-eating New Deal senator, was elevated to the Supreme Coiirt by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937.

There was one episode of rather huge embarrassment to Black. After he had been chosen for the Supreme Court, charges were made that he had been a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Speaking to the nation by radio the first Supreme Court justice ever to do so Black had to confess that about 15 years before he had joined the Klan but later resigned.

Much of Black's later career could be interpreted as expiation for this early flirtation with ugly illiberalism. He worked hard to be as be was later called by admirers of his judicial career a tribune of the common man, 'whether that man be white, black or yellow.

(Wilson Times)

There is but one point that is crystal clear in recent developments in the CAB and FAA, discussions on air service and air-poits, and this is confusion.

There are two points that should be kept separate, when discussing the subject. The first Is that the Piedmont case allocated the service and there has been nothing done so far to change this. Rocky Mount, Goldsboro and Kinston will get the additional Piedmont service. The CAB report stated it has been delayed long enough and public interest requires there be no further delay in putting the route awards into effect.

But here is the basis for the Greenville petition. The CAB left the door open for a second action outside the Piedmont case. The petition states that thp board at any-time can in-' stitute a separate proceeding directed to the area airport questioh.

So we are back where we were about five years ago when Governor Luther Hodges began the area airport effort. It proved to be a failure. It was generally thought the airport would be too far from the cities^or the service it could dcmana.

Wilson and Greenville were the only two of the original five. Rocky Mount, Kinston and Goldsboro, left working for the area airport. The Piedmont case settled this when the Greenville-Wson petition for service was denied^

So failure followed the first area airport effort. Now just as the FAA 1.S about ready to allocate the funds, and three counties, Nash, Edgecombe and Wilson, and two cities. Rocky Mount and Wilson join in hopes of building an airport that would

adequately service an even' broader area than the participating parties, the Governor throws his support to the area airport concept.

Greenville continues its efforts toward the area airport concei)t, backed by the Governor. The FAA states it will await the outcome of further CAB studies on North Carolina air service needs before granting matching funds for building airports in the area.

So the clock has been turned back, how long we know not. With Herbert Bonner and the Governor on one side working for the area airport, with no designated location as of this date, and L. H. Fountain and Harold Cooley w'orking for the Rocky Mount. Wilson airport, years could again elapse before a decision.

What we regret Is that If the Goveniior was going to step in with the force of his influence

'that he w^aited so long. We know that he came out for the area concept in a speech last fall. But he has not given it any real push until now.

Even the money has been pledged by the three counties and Rocky Mount and Wilson to match federal funds. The tentative site has been selected and all hopes of qualifying for the FAA funds in this years budget that closes.July 1.

Now where are we? As we see It. there Is but one victory. the Piedmont air service case has been settled for the time being. But what plans that had been made for modern airport facilities are tom isun-der.

The result could be_ aniAhtr, delay In one of the main factors for industrial development, air service. wTth adequate airport facilities.

HUMOR and I mean a good sense of it aint like anything else there is, the man said.

-Nobody disagreed. Fact Is, that ended the conversation. 'Two of us walked to the corner. He cro.ssed the street; I strolled on down the block.

Ten seconds later, there was this couple. The young lady announced theyd just bought Joe a new' suit, a solid, stun-nmg (?) black one.

I asked why with my eyebrows, then anticipated aloud: Oh. You mean a tuxedo. No-no. she cried, Just a regular suit. Its good-looking.

Then says Joe: Yeah. I figured I was gonna have to buy one some day. Might as well get some wear out of It, while Ive still got some color. Brother, hes got it.

NAMES, at times, breed trouble for newspaperfolk. Because the press is concerned primarily with people, and because practically all people do have names, newspapers are obliged to deal with them continuously.

Thats where the rub comes. People are quite right to insist that their names, w'hen used by the press, are at least spelled correctly.

"What may be surprising is the difficulty that can accompany a name that even Johnny *<:an spell and red.

Like in todays edition, theres mention of a Green-villite named Johnnie May. His name, we hope, is spelledi ccaxectly. It hasnt always been.

Once it 'read: Johnny

May. Johnnie protested, No, you spell it with an

Next time It read: Johnnie Maye. Again Johnnie com-

plained:_____No, not with an

e. .

In todays edition. I assure you, the spelling has been double-double checked.

Right Kind O Riaht

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Copyright, 1962, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

I never liked the term Left and Right because they are not specific. They are omnibus words that Include the sane and the confused; that equate those who know what they mean and those who believe anything they hear. For Instance, a friend was handed a circular which strt-ed with this paragraph;

The Communists conspiracy against the free-world was put Into practice after the Russian Revolution in 1917 with an Insidious slaughter weapon: Arsenic. Through the years the Communists secret weapon has proven to be as destructive as nuclear warfare.

One can put aside the nonsense about arsenic but there also appears this paiagraph:

At the very threat of our liberty the Federal Bureau of Investigation ts being utilized by the Communists for their Indoctrination center, therefore I propose that we remove J. Edgar Hoover from his executive position, perhaps this will arrest some of the obvious seepage In our Government and produce greater security for our national defense.

Here the nonsense goes too far. The services of the FBI to the American people and particularly of J. Edgar Hoover, cannot be underestimated. If one were to add up all the work done by antl-Communists in this country, it Is a mere scratch compared with the gigantic achievements of 'the FBI.

There are those w'ho consistently battle for what they believe to be true; there are those who thrive on tumult and excitement; there are those who have discovered a w'ay to earn a living W'hile at the same time pursuing a cause amid tumult and excitement.

The Conservative Is not a part of the Right Right which uses the tactics of the Left Left and therefore is no different. The (Conservative believes in human progress but he rejects speed and makeshifts and an avoidance of historic memory. He knows, for instance, that if the stock market takes a fall, there must be readjustment in the value of currency. Those who are not Conservatives believe that they can fix everything fast and they trust to their own genius rather than to experience, which is a phase of historic memory.

For instance. Arthur Schlesin-ger, Jr., recently wrote an article in which he named Huey Long and Senator McCarthy as Conseiwatives or Rightists. I , knew both men intimately: Pro-' fessor Schlesinger could not have. To him. they are not quite as remote as Julius Caesar but not as intimate as Andrew Jackson.

Huey Long w'as a keen student of the philosophy of law and of social history. He was undoubtedly influenced by Fas-cistic concepts. However, on the sociological side, Huey Long was for the same kind of^ life that he believed existed in' Soviet Russia or in Nazi Germany. That is a centralized government upon which each individual is wholly dependent and from which he receives benefits. No Conservative can possibly believe hi this, but several vaulties of socialists do. And it only goes to show that names do not always quite make clear what the motives, purposes or even goals of an individual are.

As for Senator Joe McCarthy, he was an anti-Communist but he also believed in a 11 percent parity on cheese, because . Wisconsin is a cheese producing state. Before Joe was a Republican. he was a Democrat. Ideologically. he was rather mixed because he favored many things that the New' Deal favored, particularly in farm legislation. Actually, Joe was never fought as. hard by the Liberals or even New Dealers as he w'as by -the Conservatives who regarded him as a threat to President Eisenhower.

McCarthy-told me, as I know he told others, that Richard Nixon had assured him that he would get a square deal from Senator Arthur Y. Watkins and therefore Senator McCarthy approached the Censure Committee as a face-saving for Presi-. dent EiMnhpwer^ But he_ soon <iisc"overe(i that it was Conservative Senators who plagued him.

(Continued on Page 1)

Reriodic Investments Pay

Off

, He strsse.s that the Constitution protects people in thelr^ rights. He also - acknowledges that tlie Constitution is language. and language is a slippery thing - which is one reason there will be so much.argument about the majority, opinion Black delivered Monday.

Quote

It "ivas bound to come . . . trading stamp*^ cQ.npany announces it will ,voon offer Its premium.s on the- Installment l)lah ^One-'book down and a half ItJook per month-*iaalia-Fi.) Democrat.

By ELMER ROESSNER Two professors have come up with proof of a theory long supported by conservative business counsellors and, in a measure, by this reporter,

Wilford J. Eltman, professor of finance In the University of Michigan Business School, and Dean S. Eitman. instructor in accounting and finance at York,

(Pa.i Jtmior couege."hHve wiit-

ten a 40-page report showing that periodic' investm^ in active common stocks wilNiay off for the average investors.

The Eitmans took 91 industrial stocks and assumed that their investor put $1,000 into each of them on each January 15 from 1950 to 1961. They, found that such an investment would have yielded 14.2 per cent compounded annually and even the hottest savings and loan society cant approach that.

HOW STOCK.S WERE PICKED The 91 stocks were industrials in w'hlch more than a million shares were traded in 1936.

There never w'as a time during the 12-year period when the iruuket value ol Uie holdiaga

was less than the amount invested. However, the value of the portfolio declined more, than the investor put in the years 1953, 1958 and 1961.

The Eitmans concluded: Protection from inflation does not come from the investment in common stocks per se, but Is a by-product of a persistent program of periodic accumulation. "H-

such obviously foolish methods as were empfoyed in this study yields 14.2 per cent each year, then a small investor with limited knowledge of m|rket conditions can place his sav-'Ings in a diversified list of reputable common stoqks with some assurance that, given time, his holdings will provide him with safety of principal and an adequate annual yield.*'

Courageously written: the

Eitmans disavow having found a magic way to security and 14 per cent returns.

Nevertheless, against their will, they seem to hav<r proved that systematil; Investments in common stocks are far better than speculation.

They also seem to have proved that common stocks are a good hedge against inflation. The same amounts Invested In industrial bonds, in government Savings Bonds, or in static savings (paying, say 3.5 per cent) would have left the Investors with far fewer chips.

The study also reflects the corrosive effect of inflation during

Inary Investments been put in a vault over the same period, Instead of gaining 14.2 per cent, the investors would have lost almost half their capital.

Ck)pies O the study, Common Stock Values and Yields, ' 1950-61, are $2.50 from the Burpau of Business Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Michigwi, Ann Arbor. ^

Moral: Devise a conservative investment plan and stick to it.

begun selling a new^oral contraceptive pill in Canada by Syntex Corp. Demand for Syii-tex stock on the American Exchange rose so rapidly that trading Was shspended. It was later resumed.

Apparently investors think that if such a pill is - put on the market, sales will soar so much that the producer wlH

Then the American bii^ rate will sink and the yellow and Red races will take over the world. But not before the market players have reaped their profit..

WHAT WALL STREET THINKS' OF MORALS

It is Interesting to see what Wall Street thinks of the moral fiber of Americans, Johnson & Johnson, announced Umt it had

MINNESOTA LAND,

OF BIG SNEEZES,

DATA SHOW

Biggest snuff users are In Minnesota, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Texas, in that order, according to the BrOwn & Williamson Tobacco Co, Sales reached a peak of 43 inlllion pounds (luring the war, but since have settled down to around 34 million pounds a year.- - And kerchoo to you, tool