June 26, 1962

Foreign Aid Needs An Evaluation

Continaing^ reports of ineffectiveness in the neither of fhese goals have been realized in nations gigantic foreign aid spending program of the United that have been recipients of American aid. There States, coupled with the core of opposition against are other cases in which the goals have been only foreign aid spending, should prompt Congress aCd partially reached in spite of the fact the nations the administration to take a careful look at this have been recipients of American aid over a long

Fadeoat

.phas^ of federal operations.

There is general recognition, we believe, that the United Stats cannot return to its isolationist position of 25 years agb. There is also general recognition that the interest of the free world demands that the United States continue to give financial and other aid to its allies and emerging neutral nations around the globe.

Otherwise there will be a void into which the communist nations could move to bring additional nations under Red control.

The United States must, insofar as possible, fill the needs that are outlined in its foreign aid program. At the same time every possible effort must be made to assure that the billions spent in foreign aid by this nation are spent wisely and bring about the results for which they are intended.

These intended results are twofold: 1. To assist people of other nations to better economic

period of years.

The United Slates cannot afford to discontinue its program of foreign aid. At the same time it can ill afford to continue the progimm in its present scope without making sure that TOe funds are doing the job for which they are intended.

Both the Congress and the administration need to carefully evaluate the manner in which our foreign aid program is being implemented around the globe.

Reorganization In A Sound, Logical Manner

In spite of efforts to the contrary by a small group, it appears evident now that the State Board of Higher Education will be reorganized on a more

conditions and thereby prevent t|ieir enslavement realistic basis in the near future in order that it by communism; and 2. To cultivate genuine and may render greater service to higher education in

solid friendship among nations for the United States and the free world.

There are a number of instances in which

Still Searching

Role

Jror

Rrecise i

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES

QUESTION A distinguished lawyer stood in the hushed quiet the hearing chambers of the State Utilities Commission and calmly questioned the authority of that body to act (xi a bus company's petition. ,

It was a relatively simple thing a request by a bus firm. Greyhound Coi*p.. for the Utilities Commission to set the basis by which it might operate separate ticket counters in union bus stations in four cities.

The questioning of the authoil-ty of the Utilities Commission seemed strange inasmuch as the Utilities Commission is that agency of state government which administers such things as ^bus companies, railroads, etectric rates and service, telephone and telegraph rates and regulations and other such public utility matters.

It seemed almost out of place and contrary to usual courtroom tradition to challenge the authority of the tribunal.

But nobody blinked an eye.

BASIC In effect, it was the basic question of whether the Utilities Commission is a judicial or an administrative body, and what is the scope of its authority in such matters as fixing rates and regulations.

What is the role of the Utili-, ties Commission, its scope? The question which is being asked more and more frequently is one of basic philosophy, and the question is asked In various ways.

The Utilities Commission itself is looking for answers, and none of them as yet are clear-cut.

In practice the Utilities Commission is both an administrative body with authority to make rules and regulations and also Is a quasi-judicial or semi-judicial body.

STUDIES - The attorney in the bus case stated it simply the power of the Utilities CommlssiMi is delegated by the legislature and its rule-making power is limited to and bound by the statutes. A.s such, it is merely an administrative agency.

But the judicial concept also Is clear. Thus the overlapping of administrative and judicial roles complicates the picture and has brought on the ques-tions.

There are a number of studies being made Into the organization, structure and concept of the Utilities Commission. A number of major changes in the

Utilities Commission set-up have been recommended.

SUGGEST ~ The General Statutes Commission, which reviews North Carolina's laws with a view of keeping them modernized and up-to-date, is engaged in one of the studies, specially into the laws governing utility regulation.

The chairman of the General Statutes Commission, Frank Hanft. has suggested a way by which the roles of the Utilities Commission might be separated and simplified. This is by establishing a three-member commission V hich would act as an appellate tribunal to review decisions by trial or hearing examiners who are experts in utilities mattens..

North Carolina.

The Governors Commission on Education Beyond the High School previously has recommended rtorganization of the Higher Education %ard to include heads of both state and private coIWges as well as laymen. Friday the group rejected a pro-po.<al by the Higher Education Boards Chairman L. P. McLendon to keep membership of his board intact and to increase its powers for control over the institutions of higher learning in North Carolina,

By rejecting the proposal, the Governors Commission, in our opinion, acted inihe best interest of the state and in the best interest of higher education in North Carolina. In the years it has been in existence, the Board of Higher Education has not acted as the coordinating body between state colleges that was anticipated at its inception. Rather it has assumed powers as a super-education board that, in our opinion, have'impeded rather than accelerated progress in the field of higher education in the state. In many instances the board appears to have lacked sufficient understanding of and appreciation of the problems faced by state-.'-npported colleges. It often has been at odds with the recognized leadership in the state in the field of higher education rather than affording additional positive leadership in itself.

McKucht Syndittt(^ Inc.

By ALVIN TAYLOR

They Missed Something

Reports from Rocky Mount^ are that city officials receiv-* ed news that Pitt-Greenville had petitioned for an area airport investigation as they returned from an inaugural flight of service to Rocky Mount

The officials had flown the Piedmont Airlines route on W'hich Rocky Mount was re

cently Included as a atop, presumably in a jubilant frame of mind.

It is^ understandable that this would be so. only Wednesday the CAB had ordered the Piedmont service .to Rocky Mount, Goldsboro and Kinston to begin. In po doing they^had turned dowrC a Pitt-Greehville petition calling for

patterned after some of the federal agencies the National Labor Relations board, federal power commission, federal communications commission and others.

The Commission on Reorganl-, zation of State Go\cmment is preparing another study into the structure, organization and admini-strative procedures and principles of the Utilities Commission.

COUNSEL This study has been involved in some searching question for example, .should the Utilities Commissions attorney be a general counsel or public defender?" Under the present set-up, an assistant attorney genera] is assigned to the Utilities Commission.

At least one member of the present five-member commission, Sam Worthington, holds the view that the present system sometimes puts the assistant attorney general in* the position of serving two interests.

There have ixien arguments that a general counsel to the Utilities Commission would proride t|ie public with more adequate ^ representation.

A reorganization commLs.'^ion member. State Sen. Boyce Whitmire of Hendersonville, expressed the feeling that the public needs more representation before the Utilities Commission.

A University of North Carolina research specialist in transportation, Prof. J. C. D. Blaine, issued a recent report recommending, among other things, that tlie Utilities CommLssion be more aggressive in acting as preventative agency in dealing with public utilitie.s problems, and be less aloof as a judicial body.

,\s an advisory and coordinating body to help O

with sound and adequate development of the .states V-ylil! JDClllOrS i^Q-ViriCJ

This concept, of course.^ Is system of higher education, a State Board of Higher

Education can be of great service to North Caro-Iriia. It appears to us that the logical manner to achieve this end is contained in the reorganization recommendations concerning the board.

It will be in the be.st interest of the state and in the best interest of higher education, in our opinion, if the reorganization recommendations are implemented by the legislature in it.s forthcoming .session.

Air Service Jimmiec.

w

Other Answer To The Question

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By RAY.MOM) 3. CROWLEY

WASHINGTON (AP) What price liberty?

Eternal vigilance' is the classic answer.

But there are other answers; and one of the most important may this: If you expect to preserve your freedom of action, be careful how you fxer-ci.se it. Be statesmanlike about it; don't rock the boat.

The flight engineers, strike against Easteni Air Lines may be a case in point. Nobod^' thus far has denied that the en-gmeers had a right to strike Eastern, though a federal judge did restrain them at least temporarily from striking Pan American.

The procedures provided by law had all been run through during two years of negotiations. The flight engineers felt perfectly free to strike.

But what a dubious time to take what President Kennedy denounced as irresponsible action ;

Kennedy's crackdown on U.S. Steel and other steel companies, after which they rescinded a price, increase, was .still reverberating. Angry busines.smen, and many others, were watching to see what Kennedy would do if and when a labor union .stuck its neck out. Would he hold the .scales of justice evenly? Would he be as rough with labor as with management?

Thus the engineers, by exercising their right to strike, tended to put Kennedy on a hot spot; and this Is a risky thing to do to a man as powerful as a president of the United States.

Regardless of the merits of labor-management disputes. If rights are insisted upon to the hilt, those rights may suffer erosion.

Take freedom of speech, for illustration. The First Amend

ment says Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech." This is a seemingly flat prohibition, with no ifs, nds, or buts.

The doctrine is that freedom of speech may be limited if the general good demands. Nobody,

. according to a famous aphorism. has the right to shout fire" in a crowded theater.

No one would argue, of course, that a comparatively niinor strike such as the flight-engineers, carries anything like the menace of hollering fire in a theater. But in a complex industrial society the ,right to strike and the right to raise prices may hurt a bt of in-nocent bystanders.

It could be that one day~if labor and management are injudicious enough Congress might see fit to pass new laws designed to protect the bystanders. ^

As for Kennedy, it is difficult to see how he can win if the flight engineers strike is prolonged. If he went to Congress for new legislation to end it, he would be accused of curtailing American freedoms; if he let the engineers get 'away with it, he would be clfargcd with favoritism to labor.

Quote

IF might be wiser for Mr. Kennedy and his colleagues to revert to' their former reticence, and listen rather than speak. For the stock market may not only be readjusting to the end of inflation, but also may be saying something about what it thinks of the future." The New York Times,

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

The conception of space as viewed by our neighbor, Greenville, might be compared to asking a space* traveler at some future date to make stops during a particular trip at each of two three planets w'hlch might appear close together when observed from the earth, "but actually w^ould be many millions of miles apart.

In other words, air-minded Greenville citizens seem to think that all of the cities included when one draws a circle on a map could be combined into components of a regional airport. True the geography, when viewed from the air or when inspected on a map. doesnt appear at odd.s. But getting residents of cities which would be 25 miles or more away from a regional aii*port to subscribe funds for such a project immediately separates theory from practice.

Ever since 1953. Rocky Mount airport enthusiasts have been iussiduously exploring every po.s-sible avenue leading toward the development of aviation for this area. They have tried to go it alone and they have Invited participation by other communities. They have always kept at the fore the fact that the final decisions have rested with the duly constituted federal agencies and they have abided complete-Iv with the decisions that have been made through such instm-ents of the govemment as the CAA. the FAA and the CAB.

.After having been rebuffed on numerous occasions, the local _ authorities were able to concen- trate ppon a site which not only met federal approval .but ^ which was welcomed by their neighbors in Wilson and Edve-combe and Nash counties. Kinston and Goldsboro, other cities. which also had figured from time to time in airport consideration, also applauded effort and stepped out of the way. Wilson, which once had been aligned with Greenville in an area airport effort, joined with Rocky Mount when the federal agency declined to go

along with their proposal.

Despite the fact that Rocky Mount and Wilson had gotten together on a site which was equidistant, w'hich would serve a large segment of the population of a wide area and which had the blessing of the federal agencies. Greenville continued to press for attention. When the Pitt proposition again was placed before the CAB it was turned down again - only last Wednesday.

Still'GreenviUe wUl not abide by the decision. Still Greenville tries to interfere with what would be the beginning of real air service for Eastern Carolina. This has been done in view of the faqt that Rocky Mount has neven. opposed the efforts of another community to obtain air service.

' No wonder Mayor Billy Harrison was moved on Saturday to declare that Greenville is "obstructing and delaying progress in Eastern Carolina" by continuing its petitions after the. CAB already has madt its study and set forth its findings. No wonder our mayor saw any further delay as impeding progress and placing Ni question mark over aviations future in Eastern Carolina.

Greenville apparently thought they had scored a hole-in-one when they rushed off a letter from Governor Sanford to the CAB. a letter in which the states chief executive put In a plug for a regional airport. Where had the letter been? Why wasnt its contents revealed in Raleiph like other statements the Governor makes from time to time concerning matteis pertaining to a lai*ge segment of the population? The Telegram is not intimating that Gi*epnville wrote the letter for the Governor, but there is every indication that it was Iliad vused, and wholeheartedly agree with Mayor Harrison that the Governor apparently was not aware of the decision made by the CAB in denying the Greenville petition to reconsider a regional airport when his own letter w'ent out.

investigation of area airport needs in Eastern North Carolina.

It is understandable that Rocky Mount officials would be happy over their good fortune, However, they failed to follow the events carefully.

The CAB decision pointed out that the board reserved the right to conduc.t future Investigations of the Eastern Carolina needs. It emphasized that it was the CABs wish to close out the Piedmont local service area investigation only.

Hardly had news of the decision become known than the Federal Aviation Agency announced it would release no more funds for airport construction in this area until the CAB completed further studies.

This galled Rocky Mount mightily. It hajs a request pending before FAkA for federal funds to build a local airport.

Moreover the FAA further sent a letter to the CAB suggesting this would be the opportune time to conduct an area airport investigation. Gov. Sanford wrote the CAB a letter supporting the area investigation. Both were made a part of Pitt-Greenvilles new petition. In addition the CABs Bureau of Economic Regulation had supported Pitt-Greenville In its last petition and there was no rea .son to think it would not in this one.

The Pitt-Greenville Airport Authority would have been remiss in its duties if it had not filed the new petition wth these things in its favor.

Of cour.;e, when the Rocky Mount delegation returned from its pleasure ride to Atlanta, there were statements blasting Pitt-Greenville for its action. There are indications hot telephone calls were made to the governor.

Rocky Mount has nothing to fear from Pitt-Greenvilles. action. If the Cab sees no need for further investigation its decision will end the matter in short order. If the board orders the investigation Rocky Mount will have ample opportunity to present its case for a local airport in comparison to Pitt-Greenvil^is evidence for a true regional airport to serve Eastern North Carolina.

Why should anyone be afraid of this?

A Book

f'

. And Its Cover

By GEORGE E. SOKOUSKY Copyright, 1%2, King Features Syndicate. Inc.

Miss Phyllis Flynn writes me: "Your column In todays paper of May 31st on the sloppy attire of co-eds annoyed me.

I am in my late twenties and I graduated from an 'important* college some time ago. I also am a strong conservative politically. But nothing irks me more than the clothes fantic-Ism that plagues many people these days.

"Once and for all, the clothes a person w'ears In college or anywhere else, is a matter of his personal choice and his personal taste. Furthermore clothes are nothing but the wrapping on the package, the cover on the book, etc. And only a fool Judges a package by its wrapping, a book by its cover, etc."

True. Miss Flynn has a perfect right to tell me or anyone else to go to the devil when I say that certain styles of dress appear to me to be sloppy.

I cannot deny her that right. But she cannot deny me the right to say that the wrapping on the package looks awful and that I choose not to see the contents.

- And that Is perhaps the whole Issue of clothes and the man or woman. This Summer I shall \o up to Tanglewood in the Berk-shlres to listen to good music and I shall see some Beatniks abandon simple cleanliness and dress as though they sought to attract attention by sloppiness, filth and ugliness. It Is a way of life. Miss Flynn should have read Carlyles "Sartor Re-sartus," written in another century on the subject.

If clothes are nothing .more than a matter of personal choice and personal taste, why do girls dress up when they do out with a beau? Or to take the reverse, does a girl like to go out with a boy, let us say to a dance, if the boy W'ears a sweat-shirt and his drawers? A human being is not a bottle of whiskey or a cosmetic. But the wrapping does matter, as the lady must know^ She undoubtedly once went to a prom.~ Miss Flynn then moves Into the realm of conservative philosophy and has this to say;

"I suggest you review the fundamental principle of conservative philosophy which is that styles, details, technology, etc. change but human nature remains tfie same. The clothes young men and women wear today are very different from the clothes young men and women wore when you were young but the relationships between^ young men and women today are basically the same as they were then. Whether you like it or not, slacks, shorts, etc. aie a part of present day w'omens dress but fear not, they have not and will not change the relationships between men and women.

Only too often we hear that human nature is always the same and does not change for any reason whatsoever. Well, I have lived In countries where men and women accept plural marriage as normal to human nature and where the* First Wife feels disgrace if the husband does not talce a concubine, just as a woman, in this country, whp frequents such a restaurant as Pavilion feels that she must have a diamond necklace to prove that her husband is not a pauper.

What.with the news as it is these days, one doesn't know when he sees the word "wall" in a headline whether the article is about Berlin or New York.

What about the human nature of the women who accept plural marriage as normal compared to the American woman who drags her husband through a court and the gossip columns and embarras.ses her children if her husband looks at another woman? Is the latter mental cruelty? Or does plural marriage represent another response of human nature?

Or to take another example of human nature; Americans if they have grievances express themselves, shout, yell, write a letter to the editor or go on strike. The Russian people, under the Czars a.s under the Communists, take their grievances in silence and suffer. Do these people have the same human nature?

I fear that none of this has anything to do with "the fundamental principle of conservative philosophy." which does pot. re-rtContinued on Page 6)

InterruDt Your Workers

Strength For Today

B.v EARL L. I)OlGLA.SS .SELF EXAMINATION

How prone we are to point out weaknesses in others and neglect them in ourselves. Wo can see a dozen things in a neighbor's life, or in the life of a spouse or a friend, which h^d correcting. But we are olten quite oblivious to certain faults we have which everybody ob.serves but about which almost everybody keeps silent.

If we do not examine oursel-

ing/is more truly educational in the life of a growing young person than to have brothers and* sis.tcrs who say straight out from the shoulder whay they think and refuse absolutely to pull their punches. This is not always easy to take. In fact, it vei-y seldom, is. But nothing proves moi/e profitable to the growth of /oilr characters than the frajik speaking of those who know lis best.

Yet ^ith- all this w e need self

ves, we can be pretty sure that ^examination. It is good to have

we run the chance of going through life and never really knowing the kind of persons we are. ,

An only child in a family is undei* the disadvantage of not having brothers and sisters to point out faults and comment upon them with frankness. Noth-

others take us apart once in a while, but the greate.st benefit comes when we learn how to take ourselves apart. It I.s better to find out our own meanness than to have somebody point It out to, us. The weaknesses we discover are like grains of gold amid the sand.

By ELMER ROESSNER

It took a university professor to tell top' department store managers what their lowliest employee w ould have told them:

"Stop interrupting your workers!"

The professor is Beraard E. Smith, of New /York University School of Retailing. His audience consisted of members of the National Retail Merchants Association participating in an NYU seminar.

Prof. Smith said, "One of the things that breaks up orderly scheduling in a store is the policy some of you people follow.

"How often do you interrupt your workers, with nonsensical questions? Most of the time you call them you really want only to show your authority. You like the idea of being able to tell people. When I call, they jump.. But you have to realize that your employees schedules are being broken to satisfy your ego.

He recommended that executives call employees only when they have something serious to discuss, and then ask them when

issue at hand.

Note; Prof.* Smith's advice applies to almost all other lines .of business, including most offices and some newspapers.

One thing often overlooked In discussing the shorter work week is that the shorter week may create more unemployment, rather than less.

Every production facility in the United States today is being offered more automative facilities.

Whether to adopt more automation always pivots on one question: wiU it save mbhey?

If an automative machine produces the equivalent of manpower at $4 an hour, as long as manpower costs less than that, the njichlne is no,bargain. But the instant manpower costs riibre than $4 an hour, the machines becomes a monpy-mak-er.

When the 40-hour week Is re-/lu^ed to 35 or 30 Ipirs. with-

A company, required to reduce its work week from 40 to 35 hours, might initially find it necessary to hire one-seventh more workers. But eventually, forced to automation, it might find it expedient to reduce its force by one-seventh, a third or even a half by adding more automation.

Note; Simple arithmetic 'Is

good as far as It goes, but it may not solve problems designed for electronic calculating machines.

out any retjuction in take-home pay. the hourly cost rises from 14 to % per cent an hour. And every percentage point tak-they are free for an appropriate, ^ home pay rises makes/automa-.W _# 4i 4. _ 4.-_ much cheaper.

of time to discuss the

Govemment economists have so long talked about relating wage increases to productivity that the idea has been generally accepted. If production rises 3 per cent a year, w^hy shouldnt pay rta?"tlw saiftearaount? It's a plausible, persuasive the' ory.

However, productivity is rising much faster in foreign countries than it Is In the United States. Harold A. Strickland. Jr.. a General Electric vice president, recently pointed out that while productivity ro.se 15 per qent .in the United States between rt953 and 1950, In the

same period it increased 29 per cent in Britain, 53 per cent in West Germany, 58 per cent in Italy and 71 per cent in Ja- , pan.

Wages in those countries did not rise as much as productivity. as Mr. Strickland found it unnecessary to report.

Note; It seems obvious that if the U. S. increases wages im keeping with productivity, and that foreign countries increase wages at far lesser rates, these foreign nations can undersell us py constantly wider margins. That tends to create.an- __

other situation in whlch wages/, will go higher but few'er people will have jobs. < '

LAYING OFF OE^GANZERS PRVT.S EXPENSIVE .REVENUE f

Commerce Clearing House re-ports that In the year ended last June 30, it cost employers $1.5 million dollars for firing or laying off employees for union activities. That was the total awarded by the National Laibor Relations Board in back-)ay awards for dismissals for union a'Ctivlties. _