Thuradajr. June 14, 1962 j ' ''

New Colleges -Offer Major Asset

\

, A recommendation for establishment of 14 new the way to college study to literally thousands of

community colleges through North Carolina may young North Carolinians who today find them-*

appear to some citizens as a reckless proposal to unable to continue their formal education

over-explmd the state's facilities for higher educa- school level. At. the same time it.

* Would alleviate some of the pressure which is be-

X ing placed on the estal^lished two-year and four-

Nofhing could be farther from the truth of Jear colleges of the state for enrollment of*^ stu-

the station which exists in North Carolina, dents.

If the recommendation made by the Govern- It would cost the state considerable money to ors Commission on Education Beyond the High establish and operate 14 additional community col* School is accepted by the state and implemented leges, but the cost would be only a fraction of what by the legislature, it will mean to college-age Tur it would be to handle in established institutions. Heels what public schools meant to the youngstep the thousands .2, students who would attend these

Its Plaj^ng My Song

ol the state almost a helf-century ago.

Too many North Carolinians have failed to recognize the fact that their state ranks next to the bottom among the 50 states in the number of college-age citizens who actually attend college

two-year community institutions.

The experience of the five community colleges which already are in operation in North Carolina attest to the soundness of the proposed program. The funds for their operation come from tuition.

Only in the state of Mississippi is the percentage and local money. During the period they have

of college age students actually in college lower than it is in North Carolina.

Establishment of the low-cost, ,two year cgm-munity colleges throughout the state w'ould open

!VIore Interest

1 nan J: ormuiae

By WILLIAM A. SHIRES HEARD At one time he wanted to be a chemical engineer, woriting with test tubes, beakers and higher mathematics but decided instead to apply his equations to people and politics.

The democratic process and Its functions in a free society became more fascinating than cold chemical formulas for Alexander Heard more than 20 years ago, when he was a sophomore on the campus of the University of North Carolina;

He turned in that direction on the theory that no man can serve two masters. He was spending more time with books OT politics, hi^ry and economics than with slide rules and logarithms.

An affinity for exactness which had first turned him toward pure science, since that- time has served Heard well in poli-ticl research and theory'.

His first postwar assignment was a research project into politics of the South, primaries elections and campaigns and its place in state and national affairs. It was a spring board and ever since Heards thinking and his voice have made him a ris ing star in education, research and political science in the new South. His work has become ^ widely known during the past six years served as Dean of the Graduate school of the University of North Carolina, to which he w as named at the age of 40.

Now at 45, Dean Heard has been named chancellor of Van derbilt University, in Nashville Tenn., the city which because of the leadership furnished by its educational centers since the laiOs, has been called the Athens of the South. BRANSCOMB Heard will, next year, "succeed another educator who has been widely known as a leading educator scholar and administrator and wbck also has deep roots in North Carolina, Vanderbilts retiring chancellor Harv ie Brans-comb,

' Branscomb Is another product of the deep South whose accomplishments came to flower in a North Carolina instutution of higher learning. Branscomb. before being named chancellor of Vanderbilt in 1946, had a distinguished career as dean ol the divinity school of Duke University, and in Duke departments of libraries and ancient languages and literatui-es. / Branscomb s work chiefly w as ki the field of religion and the humanities prior to his becoming chttf administrative officer at Vanderbilt.

CAREER Heard Ls best known for his work in political science, political eco..umics and political theory and impact.

He is a recognized expert in these fields, for his research and

writings on such things as a two-party South, the workings of r 'mocracy. j.nd on w hat has been called the most practiogl of political problemsfinance.

His research on the costs of political campaigns and elections began with the 1952 presidential election. He worked with Sen. Albert Gore of Tenne.ssee on a Senate report on the 19-t6 election and published The Costs of Democracy.

This led to his becoming chairman of a special presidential commission for President Keni.vdy w'hich looked into the financing of presidential campaigns.

The Heard report is expected to be the basis for legislative rcommendations on political campaign financinr to be proposed by the president. Gov. Terry Sanford praised the report which recommended a broader base for political campaign contributions to bring a greater part of the population into acti.e participation.

A few days before announcement of his election as new chancellor at Vand rbilt, the govenior named Heard to a blue-ribbon, bipartisan, biracial North Carolina Education^l Council on National Purpose.s a group which sprang from other presidential recomn.enda-, fions.

MCPHERSON - When Gov. , Sanford named the Educational* Council on National Purposes, he chose as its chairman a man who has handled special assignments for every' North Carolina govenior since 1928, High Point editor Holt McPherson.

McPherson stepped into this new chaiiTnanship almost immediately after completing the job of organizing the North Carolina Citizens Committee for Better Schools, a statewide organizational job which extended into every county and lasted for three years.

The Citizens conmiittees generally have been credited with stimulating public support for advances and progress in public education in the state.

The energetic McPherson has directed projects and programs under governors O. Max Gardner, J. C. B. Ehriiighaus, Clyde R. Hoey, J, M. Broughton, Gregg Cherry, Kenv Scott. William B, Umsiead, Luther H. Hodges and Sanford.

A third name on the list of the National Purposes Council membership is that of Fred Swartzberg, also of High Point. Swartzberg Is president of the North Carolina Junior Chambers of Commerce, and under his leadership the Tar Heel Jaycees were named this week the No. 1 Jaycee state in the nation, on the basis of membership and chapter in crease, activities, programs and development during the past year.

been in operation they have proved a distinct asset to higher education in this state.

North Carolina can ill afford to remain in its present low position with rejjard to the number of it.<! younj? people who are attending college. The establishment of more community colleges will a major factor in North Carolinas move up the ladder of higher education.

Proper Consideration Is Certainly In Order

It is not surprising that some people of Bladen County have demanded a hearing on the proposal of Gov. Sanford that the Bladen Lakes state forest , be offered the Air Force for a practice range.

The citizens of that county, howevpr, should reserve judgment on the proposal until they have u,, PATRIfM A MYUIPS been acquainted with all the facts about the mat-ter and what the proposal entails.

People ^^With . ?ears

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright. 1962, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

The great Robert Bums spoke of our times in these two stan zds I *

We,, sleeklt, cowrin, tlm-rous beastle, *

O what a panics In thy breastdel Thou need na start awa sae hasty,

Wi bickering brattle!

I wad be laith to rin and chase thee

Wl murdrlng pattlel

There ought to be a law. we

In too many instances citizens are inclined to

jump to mistaken conclusions when such a pro

posal is made. They make broad assumptions on

the basis of little or no accurate information, and

.. u .lu -xt. i. j? j against chewing gum. At

these assumptions, though they are without funda- least in certain circumstances.

tion. prevent^ consideration of the facts involved. ^,

We believe first and foremost

The Air Force needs a range for use of its Jhat there is a time and place

ulanes based at Seymour Johnson base in Golds- ciud^'^S vegtaWe substance boro. Tentatively the Air Force has said that the of che^ng site proposed bv Gov. Sanford probably will meet to admit it must serve its requirements. Further study by the Air Force.

by the state and by the citizens of Bladen County ' will be required before a final decision is made in the matter.

; Shook By Gum-Smackers

We trust that those involved will give study and consideration to the matter in the light of facts rather than unfounded assumptions, and that q program which is mutually satisfactory' and bene-

Further, w'e believe that cigarettes. cigars and pipes have a place in life, like chew'ing gum.

It /4s disturbing, therefore, that the smokers are discriminated against because they are not allowed to smoke in certain

Jicial to the state, the people of Bladen County places; for instance, trains, and the Air Force can be finalized. While, all this time, people are

* . , allowed to smack gum anywhere

to their hearts' content.

Jnrs deo'.

Sten To

i rouDle

This type situation causes terrific anxiety for those who must sit beside the gum smacker and endure mental torture.

We do not know' what can be done. Obviously', this could de

velop Into a universal problem, and we know those who dis-' like having chewing gum smacked In their delicate ears W'iU heartily agree with us, while we may incur the wrath of those who love the sport.

We offer no solution because" ours wouldnt work. We are,

however, thankful that trains have loud wheels.

' ' #

Speaking of anxiety and stressful situations, we have read in The Science of Dreams that some investigators, believe deprivation of the nightly dream cycle may cause stress in an individual. He may become cross and emotionally upset.

This book reports that a person has a nightly dream cycle, and that it could w'ell be an emotional outlet to maintain san- ^ Ity. Persons deprived of sleep for long hours are consequent-, ly deprived of dreams. They' may have hallucinations and

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By JA.MES MARLOW

WASHINGTON fAP> Laos has just taken its first step toward peace, but if history means anything this Is just the first step toward real trouble.

For more than a year, the United States has urged the thiTee feuding princes one pro-Western, one neutralist, one pro-Communist to burj' the hatchet and form a coalition government in which all three could share.

Tuesday they signed an agreement and on paper it looks pleasantly reasonable.

Of the 19 Cabinet posts, 11 go to neutralists, four to members of the present pro-Western royal government, and four to the pro-Communlst group. The top job and the three more important Cabinet jobs go to neutralists.

Prince Souvanna Phouma will be premier and defense minister; Phong Phongsavan will head the Interior Minli.stry which controls the police; Quinin Pholsena, w ho has made bitterly anti-American statements, will be foreign minister.

The head of the pro-Communist group, Prince Souphanou-vong, will Ije deputy premier and economics minister. One of the leaders the pro-Western group. Gen. Phoumi Nosavan, who has been criticized by the United States, will also be a deputy premier and minister of financ.

Its unreal to think the pro-Communists will simply sene in the government, always acting like nice boys, without trying to take It over, either suddenly. in an unexpected rush, or gradually.

Seventy-five day.s from Tuesday's signing aU foreign troops are to be withdrawn from Lao.s. The United States ha.s had about

300 obseners there, helping the ' pro-Western government. It has been estimated about 10.000 men from Communist North Viet Nam are in Laos, supporting " the pro-Communist forces there.

After these foreign troops leave, the new Laotian government is supposed to merge into one national army the troops of the present opposing forces: the pro-Communists from the north, the pro-Westeniers from the south.

This merger attempt may bring the first explosion,, although its possible the newly created coalition of pro-Com-munists, neutralists and pro-. Westerners' will blow up before it" really gets started because of old grudges, new ambitions and permanent distrusts.

If all this were not enough cause for trouble, there Is .still one more, a beaut, fying ahead.

Prince Souvanna Phouma said that, after the opposing troops have been integrated, he will hold nationwide elections to determine the will of the Laotian people.

He had hardly said this W'hcn American officials in Laos were reported to have .said this has many pitfalls.

In short, new peace In Laos looks like a preliminary to new trouble. And any trouble will be trouble for the United States w'hich now is * deeply Involved in Southeast Asia and can hardly afford to see^ any of it slip away, no matter how.

Othei Editors Saying. Sec. Hodges Was Right

4

(Greensboro DailjNeiTi)

It turns out that speculation about a rift in the Kennedy cabinet, centered around tax policy differences between Secretary of the Treasury Dillon and Secretary of Commerce Hodges, was quite premature.

Those who had Lutb^the Lion-hearted out on a limtif which the White House might saw off, were farthest off base in their speculation.

The commerce secretary, in the immediate w ake of the stock markets Black Monday, saw need for a tax reduction to encourage business, help lift profits and put more spending money into the nations economy.

Treasury Secretary Dillon, however, saw no such need. Yet within days, almost hours, of the Hodges statement, the Treasury chief made a policy speech in New York which announced an administration tax overhauling. from top to bottom, next year.

Secretary Dillon backed out of his previous position w'ith a face-saving foimula. He saw no action at either end of the fis-need for hasty, ill-advLsed fax cal spectrum.

delusions after loss of sleep amounting to 72 hours and more.

There are scientific experiments to give credence to the fact that everyone dreams nightly and I cycles.

The brain washing techniques used to secure false confessions from American soldiers during the . Korean conflict were, some scientists believe, derived through depriving soldiers of sleep and the dream cycle.

Further, persons deprived of sleep for long periods of time develop psychotic tendencies.

There Is much more dream research to be done, but there is a hint that these researches may be hovering on new thresh-hojds of the ever-fascinating braki of man. Dreams may come from a less developed part of .the dream, w'hich unleashes itself while the hlghec-thinklng part of the brain is sleeping.

One of the Interesting facets is why some remember dreams and others dont,

The unexplored regions of the mind are many.

Ooinions

maximum long-term economic growth. Stripped of govem-mentese, tliat simply means that Hodges view prevailed. Whatever differences existed have been composed; and executive department and Congress appear happy over the outlook.

What led to expression of different views by two members of the Kennedy cabinet Ls anybodys guess. Secretary Dillon spoke from the Treasui-y position. Secretary Hodges from the Commerce Department which identified him as the voice of business w'lthin the government.

It is significant that the commerce secretary did not attend the economic conference at the White House at which the stock markets gyrations were discussed. He held his own conference shortly thereafter and made his statements about tax cuts. It is not beyond the realm of possibilityand certainly is politically plausiblethat the White House knew something about these views, that more than one trial balloon w'as being unloosed and that ground was broken for

in

Reckless drivers are perhaps even worse and more perilous than those who fire off guns, but so far there has been a strange and co.stly reluctance to assess their punishment at what it obviously should be.Memphis Commercial Appeal.

The greatest of faults Is to be conscious of none. 'Thomas Carlyle,

There is far more opportunity than there is ability. Thomas A. Edison.

Quo

reduction as an offset to the markets slide. Rather he pictured next years administration program as a fundamental restructuring of our income tax system, designed to promote the

But whatever rift was previously mentioned seems to be dissolved in the white light of subsequent developments. And Luther the Lionhearted's limb is anything but truncated.

Nearly everybody who" gets a wage or salary finds that the government has taken a bite out of his pay check before he gets it. It w'ill be hard for Senator Byrd to convince these people that fortunate citizens drawing incomes from dividends and interest should not be subjected to the same treatment. Louisville Cour-ler-Journal.

Duty is what one expects from others; It is not what one does oneself. Clifton Fadiman.

Stm thou art blest, compared wi me!

The present only toucheth thee:

But, och! I backward cast me ee

On prospects drear!

An forward,, tho I canna see,

I guess and fear!

It Is the enormous fear of failure that besets our people. They fear war. They fear the bomb. They fear the fall-out. They fear another Depression. They fear the consequences of history.

When a people develops a fear psychosis, there are alwai^ rational and Irrational factors In the situation. We have been at w'ar since 1914 and war 'has eaten aw'ay our substance. It is Impossible to assess the indirect cost of our wars; the direct cost of close to 100 billion dollars year after year Is beyond our capacity to sustain. As a result we have lost our gold reserve and our currency is depreciated. This no one can deny. Despite upwards of $100 billion of aid to friend and foe, we still have more enemies than friends and we have not yet learned that friendship cannot be bought.

In the economic field, wars and govmment controls have produced a mixed economy. Not only is the government engaged In vast enterprises formerly reserved to the private citizen but the controls set up since 1933 and greatly developed since then, in effect, make the government a partner in all basic enterprises. To this must be added that as the principar customer of mapy industries, departments of the government set policies, determine prices, enforce labor practices, etc.

This is one side of the coin. The other side is equally important:

We have managed since 1933 to go through these wars and economic downs a..d ups and downs again .without losing a single civil liberty g arantced by the Constitution. Many Americans ->eliei^e ttat they enjoy more rights Ilian the Constitution provides for. If we stick to the Bill of Rights, wa have a sure guide as to what we may or may not do. For instance, while I have the right to refer to an imaginary alerter of public opinion as a mouse with the mumps, that being a n^ndescrip-tive, live and let e expression, I may not say that he Is a thief unless I can pro\'e it in a Court of Law.

It is possible to call everyone, whom I dislike, a Communist, but if challenged I must prove my point. I have the right to like or dislike people lA-dividually or collectively, but I may not take such actions against them as to deprive them* of their Constitutional Rights.

When the individual is assured his liberties, he lives in a wholesome country. It is difficult to understand why so many curious movements have suddenly appeared in this country and why they have such large followings. For example, although Dick Nixon won in California, the John Birch Society produced a large vote.

Actually, this country is at this moment in a hopeful state. The Cold War is lessening its ugliness. All the Communist countries are suffering from economic disorders and there is little question but that Khrushchev is finding his operations too costly and he does not know how to bail himself out. We have established strength in Berlin and in Southeast Asia. We have gone through a tough stock market debacle, but we were able to survive its damage. We are over-produced and while prices are formed internationally, costs are determined withirr the United States.

Things can-happen because of the psychological factors of fear. There are those who are genuinely frightened of the Presidents pronounced policies.

(Continued on page five)

lG

Tliere is no greater security than the knowledge that one is doing the right thing, Anonymous.

"mplicotiori Of Tariff Figh

strength rpr l oday

By EARL L. DOUGLASS AND ON AND ON

Who wants war? Certainly not the common 'people of any country. They fight the battles, pay,the debts, take the punfsh-ment. It ha.s become a cliche to declare that nobody profits by war. But there is a group who think they profit by it. These are the leaders of certain nations. Khmshchev is asking his people to run the risk of war in order that he and less then one hundred other men may cAiitrol several large European nations and eventu-.jilly the YorW-Warunless It is defensive has always been.the attempt to implement the ambition of a few men. They want to u.se the sons of -millions of homes to further theli- political ambitions Do we have anything against the Russian people, or do they

have anrthing against us? Or course not. Next to Canada and Mexico, Russia is our closest neighbor geographically, for only a comparatively few miles of water separate Alaska from Siberia. Their desires and aspirations are very much thq same as ours.

But Russia has leaders who must fulfill their personal political ambitions. The people of Ru.ssia must be taught by these leaders that America and Americans are their enemies.

Most of the worlds evil rises from the design and deviltry of a comparatively few men.. Criminals are comparatively few in number. SO are ideologi-' cal communist.s.,

Let us never give in either to the threats or blandi.>-hments .Of this gang. An inch toda^ riieans a foot tomorrow, a yard next week, a mile next month.

IC

By ELMER ROESSNER

The tariff fight between the United States and the Common Market is, so far. a small matter in. our, mutual trade. It will affect only about $27 million out of $6 billion a year.

But it is a highly relevant development in our economic relatiqns with Europe.

It all started with Presideht Kennedy requesting Congress for greater authority to lower taViffs so he could more readily negotiate with the Common Market. To get the needed support for This authority, particularly from the Southern wing of Congress, he had to show that he wa^ sympathetic to American business needs and would-

nT lawer, import duties indis-* creases.

certain U. S. plastics, materials and paints.

U. S. COMPANIES SPLIT ,

The choice was canny. U. S. polyethylene manufacturers are particularly affected. Such exporting companies as Eastman Chemical, du Pont, Spencer Chemical and U. S. Industrial Chemicals, which were just enjoying some prtce improvement in European polyethylene market, will be just about closed out.

But other U. S. producers like Monsanto, with plants in England, and Union Carbide, with plants in Italy, England and the Benelux countries, will benefit. So the American companies W'ill be split ^ on their attitudes towards the* tariff in-

criminately.gn other words, he had to raise tariffs on something so he could get aulhor-

The tariff fight has revealed several significant points;

1. The Common Market can

ity to lower them on a broad ^nd will act as a group to protect one member.

scle.

Glas.s and carpets were pick ed. Higher import.s on these prodi'cts hit Belgium particu-larlj. Belgium took the matter to its Common Market partners and tariffs were hiked on

2.-The Common Market will raise protective tariffs selectively (only U. B'.*'products ar^ subject to the increase).

3. The Common Market is not ^afraid of the United States

and se.ems willing to slug out toe-to-toe its disagreements with the U. S. And in public, too. PROBLEMS INDICATED This tempest-ln-a-teapot is not going to make or break our relations with the Common Market. But it is highly useful in showing what some of the problems are going to be like and the potential dangers.

For one thing. Congress has been indicating a stiffer attitude in matters economic. It resisted aid to Communist countries. It takes a dim view of assistance to countries that seize Ameriean - owned properties without proper or sufficient compensation. It doesnt like aid to those neutral countries that too frequently oppose us or snipe at us.

It might not like a market area that raises tariffs only out of retaliation and not for other causes.

The current difficulty shows, tibo, that the Kennedy Administration needs a little sharpening up on its economic poli-tickingr Either the items chosen for our tariff hikes were the wrong ones or the reason for

A

the move wasnt sufficiently explained and sold to the Common Market countries in general and Belgium in particular.

The greater danger is that this particular tempest, or a similar one, might develop into a long round of retaliatory actions W'ith each side striking back at tiie others last affront. If that were to happen, it could further lead to repercussions in other areas of foreign relations.

JEWELRY GROlP TO FIGHT GROWING CREDIT LOSSES

Historys biggest hauls by jewel thieves arc trifles compared with What the Jewlry trade loses every yea. through bad credit, according to the new Jew'elry Management Board. f

The board has just been set up to create a modem credit interchange system to reduce an estimated $10 mllllon-a-year loss to prime jewelry suppliers and manufacturers. Through the new service, the board hope to stop the granting of credit to reters blindly and wildly on personal impression, rumors and guesses.