Tuesday, June 5, 19(52

Ports Reqiiire The Be^t-Qualified

Castro's Bitter Ci'bp

rh^ two deepwater ports-of North Carolina the south. If North Carolina's facilities are t(^gain ierrced an increase of almost 50 per cent .n the place they should occupy among the ports along

Thj experiei

export and import trade in the four years that the the East coast, they must continue to develop at a Jate p. Leon Williams served as executive director pace considerably more rapid than port facilities of^th State Ports Authority. in other states. It will take better than averatre

With the death of Director Williams last week, leadership from the person who occupies the posi-

the State Ports Authority faces the important task tion as executive director of the Ports Authority to of finding a capable and qualified person to fill assue such a rate of progress.

the position as its executive director. The State Ports Authority and the people of

As is the case in most similar situations, there North Carolina should not satisfy themselves with is the feeling of urgency to fill the position even our ports merely holding their own in competition though a member of the Authority has been named "1^1^ facilities of other states. They must con-as acting director. At the same time it is important fiue to close,the gap with their competition, and in to the state and to its two seaports that the best ^der to do.^p office of executive director of the possible person available for the post is chosen to Authority must be filled by a capable, experienced fill it. It may take^time to find the right person who ^*^^1 farsighted-individual, will give the necessary leadership to this important

Texas Politics Becomes

slate undertaking to assure continued progress of the states port facilities. The Ports Autroritv should weigh carefully the qualifications of those it might consider for the post, and name Williams successor only when they are confident they have the best possible person for the job.

The two deepwater ports of the state are playing an increasingly important role in the development of North Carolinas economy. In spite of the great strides of progress made by the states two ports in recent years, they are still overshadowed by the ports of our sister states to the north and to

Major Battleground

r

loo jLany ror

A Trial Balloon

By WILLIAM A SHIRE

WINDSPurposeful trial balloons for dapper Rep. A. Paul Kitchln of Wadesboro for governor in 1964 went up almost as soon as the primarj returns were posted in the Eighth district congressional race last m<Mith.

There was barely a ripple frwn the political winds, simply because it was so early. In anything except politics it might have been called premature.

But iptchins victory over young, energetic and liberal John P. Kennedy of Charlotte was. in the eyes of the Democratic COTiservatives, impressive despite its closeness. Kitchin too has many of the background QualificaticKis which favor him as the man who just might step from Congress to the governorship.

The tradition in North Carolina politics for many years has been to select gubernatorial timber from other than the Congressional ranks. Possibly what has brought about the thinking about Kitchin is that the Republicans may do it in 1964 the GOP is hopeful that Rep. Charles R. Jonas of Lincolnton might be the paity standard-bearer for the governorship.

In Jonas case, this could happen whether he retains or loses his seat In November in the forthcoming battle of conservatives Democrat Kitchin and Republican Jonas! In Kitchins case, a victory over Jonas this November would be an essential. If he should lose to Jonas the chances of Kitchins getting the nomination for governor would be diminished greatly, if not wiped o^t.

On the other hand, a Kitchin victory in November would enhance his chances and give the old-line Democratic * conservatives a popular hero.

The trial balloon the mentioning of Kitchin as a gubernatorial possibilitywhile possibly premature and certainly dependent upon what happens In November, actually served another, more Immediate purpose. That was to balance the scales in that while Jonas is being mentioned prominently as a possibly candidate for governor, a political asset in the Fall campaign, so the Democratic nominee also has been mentioned as a gubernatorial possibility.' It is considered wise in politics not to let an opponent get any advantage implanted in the voters minds without countering as quickly as possible.-CAMPAIGNKitchin's campaign for the pilmary nomination was against tough odds, and It actually appeared that until

the final weeks before May 26 Kennedy was leading.

Kitchin, however, analjTed and assessed the situation and pulled out the stops in areas where from all indications the election hung in the balance.

He carried the rural areas and smaller towms, with appeal to the old line Democrats who know Kitchin s politics and the politics of his family, and to whom Kennedy was less well known.

This element too harbors some feeling against the redis-tricting which threw Jtmas* Mecklenburg - Lincoln coiity strongholds into the Eighth district. These factors favored giving Kitchin-..a chance against Jonas, after all. since this was what the legislature obviously had in mind.

LIGHTSThe lights went out, literally, on election night in about the worst place it could have happenedelection tabulation heavdquarters of the ^ire services in Raleigh.

Veterans of the nightlong task of collecting, posting and counting election returns could not remember such a thing having happened before. A heavy electrical storm hit Raleigh shortly after 11 p.m., with rain, winds and lightning that struck houses, trees and power lines in many sections of town Suddenly, at 11:32 p.m a total power failure plunged the News and Observer-Raleigh Times building into darkness It occurred in the midst nal, almost complete tabulations. It was in newsmans terminology about time for the cleanup. *

Teletype printers, computers, tape perforators went dead. A hush fell across the place. The hum of electric motors stopped. Air conditioners stopped. Only the telephones kept ringing. The reporters answered the phones and with candles, flashlights and any other source of light continued to take down the returns. But the 'counting came to an almost complete standstiU at least for a little while. The power failure lasted for half an hour. It could lT[ave been worse.

Just about 15 minutes earlier, John P. Kennedy in Charlotte had ccHiceded the Eighth district Congressional nomination to Paul Kitchin. Most of the other Congressional primary returns also were in by that time, too. And those still undecided were fairly clear.

It was such that with a few more returns reporters began their final wrapup stories by candlelight, or by balancr iiig flaming cigarette lighters ,on their typewriters.

Results of the gubernatorial contest in the Texas Democratic primary have cast political shadows that stretch far beyond the sprawling borders of the second largest state of the Union.

Former Secretary of the Navy John Connally, who won the Democratic nomination by a slight margin with the blessings of President Kennedy and Vice- President Johnson, represented the conservative rather than the liberal position in the Democratic contest in Texas. In the general election he must face the GOP gubernatorial nominee who will have the forceful support of Sen. John G. Tower, the first Rejiublican senator from Texas since reconstruction days.

The election of Tower to the Senate was a severe blow to the administration and particularly to Vice President Johnson. For the state of Texas to elect in November a Republican governor, would be an even heavier lilow not only to the vice president, but also to the administration. It could not help but have important political repercussions throughout the nation.

In view of this situation Texas is sure to be a major battleground for both the national parties in November. '

It is significant, perhaps, that the administration, which is well stocked with liberal leaders and liberal viewpoints, chose to give its unofficial ble.ss-ings to the more conservative of the two candidates in the Democratic runoff for the gubernatorial nomination. Perhaps it was part of the strategy to take advantage of the so-called conservative vote which swept Sen. Tower into office over Democratic opposition several months ago. But ii could prove rough sledding for the Texas Democrats and the administration in the general elections in the Lone Star State..

Although the greatest emphasis generally in the nation in November will be on the congressional seats at stake, the Texas gubernatorial contest is certain to rank with that of California in having

8y ALVIN TAYLOR

7ar Heels In The News

North Carolinas politicians may not always be right tn the eyes of the countrj, but they have a way of making their mark nationally.

Everyone is aware by now that former governor now Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges is embroiled in a controversy with some of his fellow cabinet members.

Sec. Hodges Luther the Lionhearted he used to be tagged as governor -^ called for action by the administration to bolster the economy as the stock market plummeted last week.

this, a copy of Time rhagazlne came out with ajeature on Sen. Sam J. Ervin of North Carolina. Sunny Sam, they entitled it, and the magazine depicted Sen. Ervin as a man with little voice behind the scenes, but as a senator with less to wony about than anyone el.se.

Time pointed out that in the recent primary Ervin won nomination unopposed. There Is practically no chance of the GOP cahdidate heading him off in November, the magazine indicated.

its bearing op political arena.

futur^ in the national

- Results Of

mels! O Ii: T T ^

JO--.our

ine Week

Even as he was saving It last Tuesday, however, the market was in the. midst of a sensational ilse which culminated Friday with the losses being recouped.

A1 this sent national political observers to wondering from whenceforth Hodges spoke. Through it all. Pres. Kennedy ignored Hodges advice for immediate reforms announcements and other actions, but at weeks end there was no evidence that the North Carolinian had fallen in disfavor with the Man in the White House.

While Hodges was doing all

The secret of Ervins success Is one of the sunniest dispositions in U. S. politics. Time says.' It cited situations where Ervin cooled hot tempers In the Senate with a humorous story at the proper time.

Time also points out that it is Ironical Ervins reputation as a humorist has obscured his standing as one of Capitol Hills most learned students of the U. S. Constitution.-Hardly had Time with Sunny Sam hit the newsstands, than Look magazine came out with an article and photos headed in bold letters: Terry Sanford It was, of course, about North Carolinas now controversial

The Daily Reflector

I

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publiiih*r

Entered at Post Office. Oreenvllle, N C.. as second cli mail matter.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier (In Towns) Wek 30c

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week 3Sr

BY MAIL, Payable In Advanv^

Greenville post Office. Pitt County. RobersonvUie, Vaoceboro Washington and Chocowlnity.

Three Month.s ................. $ S.75

Six Months ........................

One Year , .. ................

North Carolina (other than listed above)

Three Months _____

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One Year ......

PIu S% N C Sales Ta* All Other Outside North Carolina

Three Months ........................

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700 13 00

$ 4.00 7.30 14.00

t 4.30 tf.00 16 00

By NORMAN WALKER

WASHINGTON (API - Suppose the nation suddenly switched overnight from the present 40-hour week to a 35-hour week as organized labor is advocating. What would happen?

If the change came about, without a cut in pay that is, if the man now eamiijg $100 a week for 40 hours work should continue getting $100 on a 35-hour week basis^ labor costs would be increased by one-eighth, or over 12 per cent.

How would an employer meet this added cost? There are three ways. The boss could <a> increase prices. <b) reduce profits or (c* install new labor saving machines. He probably would do some of all three.

A sudden conversion to, a 35-hour week, therefore, almost certainly would cause higher prices and thus inflation.

It is for this rea,son that President Kennedy, in trying to maintain a stable wage-price line, is discouraging any broad-scale changeover to a shorter work week.

Nor is any sudden general switch anticipated. Even economists for the AFL-CIO whose pre.sident, George Meany, is talking of a general union drive for the 35-hour week, dont think it is a quickly attainable goal. .

One way to get the .3.5-hour week ill one swoop would be to pensuade Congress to cut the pre.'^ent 40-hour week .specified in the Fair Labor Standards Act. The unions privately recognize theyre in for a long haul h(MT.

Work hours also can be reduced through labor contract ncg-olialions, but as one top union strategi.st told this reporter: Thi,s i-sn't going to be easy sailing, cither. 'VV'e can only get the 35-hour week a.s indu.stries

have the physical and financial ability to pay for it. The cost problem wiU have to work itself out.

Labor says.it wants the shorter week to share jobs with 3.7 million unemployed. There Is considerable doubt, however, that a quick change to a 3.5-hour week would provide many job openings. Why?

You would think offhand that cutting work hours by an eighth would create rlc.e to one m-1-lion jobs, since there are about 70 million employed. The fact is that by far the bulk of the unemployed are unskilled. Only about 5 per cnt of the skilled workers are unemployed.

Thus, if a job surplus was created by cutting weekly hours, there would be a shortage of men to take the extra jobs. The government has embarked on an ambitjous, program to train idle workers in new' skills, but it anticipates providing only par-tial training to a maximum of 100.000 a yesy-.

Many employers, faced with a shorter week requirement, simply would have to work their already employed workers beyond a new 3.5-hor week limit and pay them overtime. u.sual-ly at 14 times the regular pay rate.

Thks would not mean more job.s for others, or more leisure for tho.se already employed. It would simply be di.sguLsed pay increa.se. This seems to have been the effect of the 2.5-hour week negotiated earlier this year by New York electrici-ans.

Few experts rloubt that the gradual reduction in work hours will continue. In every decade from 1880 to 1040 three to five hours were shaved oif the work week. Since then, more holidays and vacations have further re-

iConiinuea oh page five)

Other Editors Saying...

Not Paying ^Its Way

nions

(Honolulu Star-Bulletin)

The Federal Government is short-changing the taxpayers of the city of Washington. D. C.. by demanding more from them than it is willing to pay back.

Less than half the land in the District of Columbia is taxable. The rest is occupied by the Federal Government and by foreign governments and ether tax-exempt groups.

This, increases the burden on the Washington taxpayerand the burden is getting heavier because the city cannot grow beyond its fixed boundaries, and the Federal Government Ls taking an increasingly large share of available property for its owTi tax-exempt purposes.

From the time Washington w'as established as the nations capital. Congress has made an annual payment toward the co.st of City operations. These are to compensate the City for tax losses resulting from federal use of land, municipal services rendered the Federal Government, and helping to make Washington the kind of metropolis the nations citizens would want their capital to be.

The amounts appropriated as 'the federal share have varied widely. Until 1879 appropriations were voted on a hit-or-miss basis. From 1879 to 1921 the amount was fixed at one-half

the Citys budget. From 1921 to 1924 the ratio was set at 40 percent. Since 1924. Congre.ss has simply appropriated a lump sunn that has fluctuated from a. high of 39.5 percent in 1924 to a low of 8.5 percent in 1954. It has averaged only slightly more than 12 percent since 1956. Last year it was 11.1 percent$30 million in a $270.1 million budget.

Washingtons citizens pay taxes on the same general basis as thase paid by citizens in other States. In the past five years they have increase^ nearly $44 million, of which $14 million was added this year.

Its mission as a Federal City increases Washingtons municipal costs,

Washington residents are asking Congress to adopt a formula for determining the amount of federal payments to the District each year. This year it would bring $40 million, although all the municipal government is a'sking is $36 million for its next budget.

The value of the formula is that it would make the annual payments automaticand predictable, so that planners could depend on the amounts to be received.

This is no more than fair. The Federal Government hasnt been paying its way. Its high time it did.

'n Brief

A graduate student at Oxford University doing research work in mental telephathy says he believes signals representing thoughts can be sent from one mind to another. Of cour.se! Why else would a man get off the couch and start mowing the lawn while liis wife is downtown?Lexington Leader,

A good businessman is one who hires optimists as salesmen and pessimists to run his credit department.Mattoon (111.) Journal-Gazette.

Bridge games give women something to try to think about while theyre talking. Johnson City tTenn.i Press-Chronicle.

I think our governments will remain virtuous for many centuries, as long as they are chiefly agricultural; and this will be as long as there shall be vacant lands in any part of America. When they get piled upon one another in large cities, as in Europe, they will become corrupt as in Europe. Thomas Jefferson

Voters

?or AI,

governor, or as the smaller type said, A young Southern governor who thrives on breaking the old rules of politics.

And the story starts off : Most politicians do what people supposedly want. Terry Sanford. North Carolinas 44-year-old gov-emor, often does the opposite.

The article points out that Sanford led a pro-Kemiedy block from his state in the 1960 Democratic conventions this at the risk of losing many votes in the coming election.

The governors education program is discussed and the article says, Sanford regards the large Negro population as an economic asset and wholeheartedly backs industrial schools to retain Nbgroes as well as whites,

It points out that his needling for education isnt always effective. As evidence of this, the article refers to the bond issue defeat of last fall. Here, we must rank this as the biggest set-back of Sanfords ca-reer.

That Sanford has a political future can be learned from the articles closing line. Terry came to our support on his own. says Attomey General Robert Kennedy. Im sure he actually lost votes by doing so. But he still won. Hs going places.

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKT

Copyright, 1962, King Featurei Syndicate, Inc.

Eight tlnuM, the Presidential Electl(ms involved proposals which would be interpreted as Involving what has come to be known as welfare leglslatlcMi: four times for Roosevelt, once for Truman, twice tor Elsenhower and once for Kennedy.

As a citizen of a representative republic, I must accept the results of an electlcm as binding upcMi all persons. It is unfortunate that so many, without too much thought, are beginning to reject the consequences of an election as the same persons reject the authority of the Supreme Court,

In a representative republic, the citizen Is bound by the decision of the electorate. In other words, the reason that democracies have only succeeded in villages Is that standing around the forum and shouting. Aye and Nay, does not work. In a representative republic, the majority choose the personnel who are to govern, in our , country, for a stated period.

If we assume that the Welfare State is altogether a result of the 1929 Depression, we are wrong. As far back as the Administration of Woodrow Wilson, welfare leglslatl(xi was, being passed. During World War I, the Hoover Pood Administration was a welfare operati(Mi of the greatest magnitude. It Is true that Franklin D. Roosevelt gave welfare a strong Impetus. Mrs. Roosevelt was particularly interested in welfare legisla/-, tlon and she was a very powerful influence in those days.

The modem characterlstlc.s of a Welfare State developed during the Roosevelt Administration and continued through the Truman and Eisenhower Administrations unabated. This was the condition of our country when Pre.sident Kennedy took over.

In 1932, those who opposed the Welfare State and recognized Its potentialities spoke out. They were generally rejected. Instead, Roosevelts popularity was so great that he was able to violate a long standing American tradition and was elected for a third and a fourth time.

What was the secret of Roosevelts popularity: That Is quite clear He supported the concept of the Welfare State. He Instituted various measures which make the federal government Tesponsible for details of the lives of individuals. This became a pattern. It was socialistic more after the Ideas of Ferdinand LassaUe than after the Ideas of Karl Marx. It was .socialistic in the sense that whereas in the past this was a nation In which the individual stood alone in his rights, the New Deal regarded society as more important than the individual. This view was upheld by Congress and the Supreme Court.

Now we are In the middle of 1962 and there have been three decades of development of the Welfare State. Those of us who have consistently rejected this concept must note that we had the opportunity during eight years of the Eisenhower Administration to cancel out objectionable, features, to say nothing of the entire pattern. But the fact is that the Eisenhower AdminLstrati(Mi In not an lota lessened the, force of the Welfare State.

Even though we were overproducing during the Elsenhower Administration, nothingr was done to cut down sub.sldies for . agriculture or to lessen various types of aid even where it was obviously unnecessary as the Ef^tes Investigaticm is dLscloeing.

The purpose of calling attention to the Eisenhower Administration is only to establish the fact that support of the Welfare State, with all its faults, has been c(Hitinuous, It is continuoui because there is no effective opposition to it. For Instance, many who oppose price supports for farmers, favor pensions and hospitalization for veterans. Many who object to the very word, welfare, accept aid for rural housing. Most are

willing to take their share but ahe antagonLstih' to others get

ting anything while the getting is good. >

Therefore In 1%2, the minority who oppose the concept of the Welfare State find that more and more elements enter into the picture, as, for instance, the educators of this (Continued on page five)

T

rradina Stamns Reach A Peak

:>trength tor loday

By F.AKL I.. DOFiil.AS.S

.M'.AK TilF JL \(.ij:

MEMBER ASSOCIATED PKESb

The As&odated Press is exclusively entitled to use f<w publication all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise .credited to this paper and aLso the local new# published herein AM rights of publicatltm of special dispatches, here are also reserved '

NATIONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENTA'TIVBS rhomas^iP Clark Co. Inc., New York.Chicago. Atlanta Member Audit Bureau of Circulation

All atfvertlalng copy must be received at least one day belorc publication dale.

'Mit-re i.s still a lot of the primiii\e in all of us. Pul almost anybody i,i a .set o! extreme circumstances which arou.^'e^hl.s terror, or his aimer, or hi.s pas.sion and he can and frequently doe.s in the twml:ling of-an e*ye. becorm a primitive .savage. He .sloughs centuries cf culture and restraint In a Jew second.s and plummets down to a primitive level as rapidly as does the individual who steps oil the roof of a ten-story building.

This is one of the reasons why we all need religious faith and the values and seU-ccvrrol which the sincere practice rcIi;;lon a man can

even .slmd hi.s relr.ion In one of Iho.sc crisis nnment.s which rc.sulUs ill a plunge downwaid But he Ls lebs likely to shed

Ms religion in .such ciise.s than he is to shed his education, hi.s cuiture, his sen.se of rrsponsi-buiu' to fnouds and loved oi.es,

Bi'cau.se we know this alxmt our.selve.s, M-cau.se we have ob-.seiVed that we. and liie othtf members of the human latc, always walk 'along the edgt* of a precipice, let us do at U'ast two things. First, kt . us keep in mind that we live miaht.v clo.se to the junwle all the timf-and let us )>e on our guard lest . we dart into the jungle oi the jungle dart out and encompas.s us, in the second place, let in-coiiliiuially develop by' quiet mcfh'a'.ior.. prayer, and practic of the prcsdiee of God thn.'^e ouaulics wiihin u.s w hicln.w i 1 1 steady us in the hour of dan grr. ,

Tcmorruw wc shall try to r>: plain to ounclvc.s tig mean ne of (he trnu praccmg the pre-svncQ of God.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Any graduate of the Harvard Busine.ss School could tell you that "plaid is a lousy name for a trading stamp. The design is bound to be confusing, it implic'^ racial bias, and it embarr; hou.sewive.s when''

they 1(; hat the name is hot

pronoir played.

But P.i.id .starnp.s have pushed trading stamps to a pi*ak .some sa.y saturation.

Trading stamps have been increasing in use since the' war. Almost all of the big chain.s used them except A. & P. Then Elton .'F, MacDonald; of the E. F. MacDonald Co. of Daylon, O!'. o. u'vi'W'd Plaid tamps ami sold the biggest chain. And now every chain of importance gives some kind of stamps, and so do countlc's other stores, gas .station .service enterprises and even employment agencies. Thcc s a report that one fuip cral homo gives them, but I h:^vr not hern able to identify if. If ay reader can. please crile me.

BFfiI\M\(i OF KM)?

Critics of trading stamps say

that the capitulation of the A. k P. LS the beginning of the end. Now that practically everybody gives .stamps, there is no advantage to any merchant, and gradually theyll quit.

Trading stamp officials laugh. As long a.s one big merchandising outfit givHs stamps, all their cumpetitor.s will Irave to. A. k P. learned that the hard way.

Nevertheless, there are two developinrnts that indicate that stamps,may be, at least, at their peak:

1. There are more and more sv.ap groups. Neighbors, members of clubs, church groups and others get together and swap stamps. Then each housewife

buys where she W'ills. with no inducement to keep trading at the same outlets.

2.- More cash discounts ap- pear. Customers ^making purchases say, I dont save

Stamps. Giye me the cash

More (itlcn, .'imppers, say,,

they-get it. ^

THE DIS( OI NT VAI.l E

Merchants u.sualLv pay $3 for 1.2 stamps and give one for

each 10 cepts in purchase. Thus 10 stamps cost 24 cents; 100 .stamps cost 25 cents. A woman with a $10 grocery bill w'ould get 100 stamps or, if she presses -the point, may get 20 or 25 cents off her bill instead,

A New York .state merchant once decided to give postage stamps instead of trading stamps. He gave 2 cents in stamps with every $1 pur-cbase. But customers wanted other kinds of stamps.

Seven paragraphs back critics of stamps were mentlon-etl. Who are they? They are the people, often allied with consumer groups or with other promotional media, who say stamps are a delusion.

Since stamps cost the merchant 2.5 per cent of hLs sales plus extra costs of handling and pilferage, the merchant must increafte hLs prices by at least 2.5 per, cent.

AI.L FOOD PRICES PI SHED I P? .

Until iTcently, the counter ar-.gumrnt wa.s that by increasing sales, stamps brought in so much more business that mer

chants could actually reduce prices and still make more money. But since A. & p. has made It almost unanimous, in the food field at lea.st, no one chain can get an upsurge in business from stamps, It would appear, then, that all food prices would ten(i to be increased 2.5 per cent,

- However, the stamps do have a purcha.sing value. One stamp company says Its books give the collector $3 In purchasing power for stamps covering $120 in purchases a clear 2.5 per cent. Other companies appear to give less and the premiums of-" fered seem to be evaluated at list, rather than discount, prices.

Some critics say that customers pay $3 more for each $120 worth of purchases, then get premiums that cost the tamp company aound $1.50

Be that as It may. Premium Practice magazine estlma^d that merchants spent *618 million -for trading stamps ,1 a s t year. With A. & P. and a lot of other companies In the game, this years total may be $730 million.

fr- -