Tuesday, May 22, 1962

U.S. Globed Role Put On The Line

Dont Look Now-

Freoideiit Kenuedys assertion that the United ^ SUt^ will continue to have* a voice in European affairs so long as it provides a major share of the defense of that area should go a long way toward clearing up any misunderstanding on that point.

By setting forth*^ clearly and concisely the position of the United States with regard both to European defenses and decisions regarding war and peace in that area the President removed any doubt about what the U.S. considers its responsibilities and rights to participate in European affairs.

Some may criticize the President for being so blunt with his assertion, but in interiiirtional aitairs there is a time for straight talk. President Kennedy put the cards squarely on the table and let the chips fall where they may.

Most of our European Allies expect the United States to have a voice in important international decisions relating to that section of the globe. If this nation is to continue to shoulder the major responsibility for defending Europe, together with its allies, it should also be allowed to participate on an equal basis with its allies in reaching decisions that have a bearing\)n the defense of the area.

Rather thp furthering the split which recently has appeared in Western unity in Europe, we feel the Presidents frank statement will help to restore the unity which must be had if the Western nations are succes.sfully withstand internal and external pressures. It is not a matter of the United States dictating^ policy to its allies in Europe, hid rather that this nation expect.s to exercise its right to par

ticipate in forming policies regarding the position of the West. *

The security of Western Europe and that of the United States are closely tied together. For more than a decade the w'hole strategy of Western security has been based on mutual assistance and united defenses.

Until conditions in international affairs permit a change in this basic strategy, the United-States must continue to shoulder a major responsibility for the defense of Western Europe as well as its owm defense. It ..cannot successfully carrv out this re-

Uonsibility uJe.sa it can also participate in decisions wl

'hich affect the security of Western Europe

Court May Cripple Future Investigations

The Supreme Court has struck what may be a crippling blow to congressional investigations by reversing convictions of six men found guilty of contempt of Congress.

Although the majority of the justices decided against the convictions on grounds of a legal technicality, the decision could seriously' affect responsiveness of unfriendly witnesses who are called in the future to testify before congressional committee inquiries.

Big Business !n Conventions

Investigation by congressional committees, although they have been severely criticized at. times in recent years, have reached a useful purpose in exposing illegal situations regarding almost every walk of life in the United States. All-in-all the congressional inquiries have seiwed a mosC useful purpose for the protection of the welfare and safety L?,r A T./TXT TA VT 'of the citizens nf the Tiatinn ALVliN 1 A 1 LUK

By HARRY GATTON

Executive Director, .\. C.

Bankers .Asswiatinn Guest (oluninist

CONVENTIONS - Many associations in North Carolina hold conventions during May. A convention is big business. For example. the N. C. Bankers Association held its annual convention iii'Pinehurst this month. As the NCBA 1; my employer. It is that convention that I know best.

The convention over, it is time to start again for next May. Speakers of the quality the convention deserves are not easy to get:- entertainment is costly. A thousand and one things have to be one. But when the show is on the road and is successfully completed, the realization comes vividly that the convention is a most useful performance in the transaction of the affairs of an organization The bankers from all over North Carolina and many from out of the state and as far away as Canada mingle and pick up good ideas and friendships.

Yes, conventions are big business in North Carolina.

Speaking of entertainment and programs, one of the most difficult jobs in today's complex society is that of program chairman of a civic club. To this person goes the thankless task of keeping the members happy. There ought to be some sort of community clearing house for potential civic club programs that could be utilized by all hands.

HISTORY Those of us who have an interest in local his-torj are aware of the lack of good county histories in most of North Caroltoa's 100 counties. It is encouraging to see a revlal of interest in this aspect. Many clubs have helped to underwrite research on projr ects of local historv and it is a good thing to do. Although our county is comparatively young, much of its history has been lost particularly local history due to inactivity in the counties. Many valuable public records have been destroyed due to lack of proper care. Today, it is estimated that invaluable records are gathering dust in attics across North Carolina, records that need to be preserved for the use of historians.

a unique and effective association. Lynn Nisbctt. veteran reporter and dean of the Raleigh newsmen, has made it so. With over a half-century of newspaper e.xperience and a keen sense of history, he reports the state scene in depth and with perspective. Tlirough the Association of Afternon dailies this has been possible to the degree that his name is a sjinbol of integrity throughout North Carolina.

Unle.ss congress has the power to cite unwilling witnes.ses for contempt if they refuse to answer questions, how much will the investigations be able to accomplish in the future? On occasions they have found it difficult enough to secure information from witnesses, even in the' face of a possible contempt charge.

r

fhe Humor Of Bankers

Lynn Nisbct has sot a high standard, a feature of which is that, working in the midst of the scene of the press agents domain, he has dug up his own stories and has kept remarkably youthful in experience by a lot of leg-work, mental and physical.

In Ills unique writing style as sort of daily conversation Lynn has documented the contemporary history of North Carolina to the extent that future historians will always Ije running to the newspaper archives for substantive material. The information will be invaluable because he has turned out his column without rancor or gall, objectively presenting the information. He has prnt-^ er's ink ,in hi.s blood: he has no room for anything mean.

CONVERSATrONALIST Ljiin Nisbet is a good conversationalist. The other evening we visited him in Rex Hospital in Raleigh. Sitting on the side of his bed, he tossed out a couple of his amusing observations, reminiscent of his sessions down in the lobby of the Sir Walter or around the fish frys or barbecue pits of the political circuit.

On North Carolina government and its leaders there is none better informed. And it seems that he knows at least a couple of good stories about every one of his friends. The use of the good yam has helped him pour a lot of oil on troubled waters as he has gone up and down the Tar Heel State in search of material for his col-

It is in the public interest to clarify as quickly as possible whether the legal technicality cited by the Supreme Coiirt in reversing these particular convictions is one which can be overcome in similar case.< in the future. Otherwise congressional in-fiuiries in the future may bring to light only that information which witnesses wish congress and the public to have.

Yes. bankers have a sense of humor. Dr, J. W. Pou of Wachovia Bank and Trust Co. was master of ceremonies for the local American Institute of Banking chapters spring banquet last week.

Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond won the hearts of all the secretaries at the banquet.

light of the world.

"We used to cook indoors and had our plumbing out doors. the agricultural expert told the group. Now we cook outdoor.*; and have our plumbing indoors. We're making a lot of progress.

The secretarhas , the easiest job in the bank. he said. All she has to do is look hke a woman, think like a dog.

Next she held up the salt shaker and said. Ye are the salt of the earth.

'Then came the bantam egg. This, she said, signified. "She has done the best that she could.

.S. Avoidina

Dr. Pou also told of the sliortest will ever probated in North Carolina:

Beavers also told the one about the school girl who was asked to bring several items to school with which to illustrate a point.

Thats all we ask you to do, Beavers told the bankers.

Bald Challenge

Being of sound mind, I spent every cent I had, it read.

She showed up with a candle, a salt shaker and a bantam egg. This puzzled the teacher, who ask^ the girl to explain what it was all abot.

Your columnist took a stroll to the James s. Flcklen Memorial Stadium site yesterday afternoon.

Clifford' B. Bavers of the

The little girl held up the candle and said, "Ye are the

UNIQUE - The N. C. A.s-sociation of Afternoon Dailies is

umn.

Although his health is seriously impaired and he is involved in a battle at this time, Lynn' Nisbet has not let down. He is the first to admit that he has a rough road ahead in his fight with cancer, but and this is the way he put it it will not be a lonely road. He enjoys his friends and appreciates their thoughts.

The Daily Reflector

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By JAMES M.ARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) - Twice within four years the United States has resorted to an unusual show of force around the world. Both times Premier Khrushchev reacted rather mildly.

But this, looked at over the long haul, is hardly cause for crowing.

Both times in sending troops into Lebanon in 1958 and now into Thailand the United States observed the niceties of international etiquette.

* It said the Lebanese and Thai governments asked for thLs kind of American help. This did more than just give the United States, in the eyes of the rest of the world, a legal position for its action.

1. It deprived Khrushchev of the cha^nce of making much anti-American propaganda of it.

2. More important. It avoided challenging him directly even though. In the case of Lebanon. American troops landed in his barkyard.

. In 1959 President Eisenhower sent about 5,000 troops Into Lebanon at the request of President Chamoun who asked a.ssis-tance against Moslem rebels saidto be supported by Egyptian President Nasser.

The Kennedy administration, putting the same number of troops in Thailand, let it be known the government there asked for them as protection against any invasion fi*om Communist guerrillas in next-door Laos.

After the Americans went into Lebanon KhrushcTiev asked Eisenhower for a summit meeting. After the Americans went into Thailand Khrushchev said they may be there for 15 years but they will be kicked out."

These mild reactions are no cause for thinking Khnishchev got cold feet at the sight of American rifles.

Communists believe time Is on their side.* There is no basic difference between their tacHcs today and those of Stalin. The only difference Is that today Communi.sm is in less of a hur-

took over

ry.

Communlsm In Stalins time pushed its luck in Greece.-4of-ea. and with the Berlin blockade. In each case it met .stiff American resistance. Mean

while Communism Czechoslovakia. "

This was done through internal subversion without war or direct conflict with the United States.

Now a subtle and Insidious Communist push, avoiding direct conflict with the West and taking plenty of time, has been going on in Southeast Asia. Half of Viet Nam was gone by 19.54 in guerrilla war against the French.

Since then the Red guerrillas have been tr>1ng to take over the rest of Viet Nam.

They have made so much progress that a few months ago this country began bolstering the Vietnams with help in for form of w'eapons and training by American military men.

The Kennedy administration is beginning to sound as if the tide were turned. Its far too soon for that. In that impoverished country the Communists can take their time which right now is what they have most of.

Laos may be lost. And the administration may already be reconciled to that. It i.s not sending troops in there against the pro-Communist guerilllas. It is willing to settle for a coalition government.

But Communists, in a coalition government, may in time take over the whole government. That would be just as effective as taking over by military action, and far cheaper, as Czechoslovakia.

American troops in Thailand can deter Communists from direct attack there. But in time Communists, if they take Laos, can work around it in the rest of Southeast Asia.

Another good reason for not sending American troops into Laos w hich borders on , Eed China is that the Red Chinese, as in Korea, might think It necessary to send in their troops and make it another Korea.

So, w hile Khrushchev has been mild about American troops in Thailand, t^e mildness proves perhaps that he get into a glob-le dilapidated >ast Asia.

Why should he ikhe thinks-and he say he does Xjthat communism can win witnUtit war?

Other Editors Saying. A Weapon For Laos

It appeared that the driving of pilings was about half complete. Workers are digging triangular or rectangular holes about three feet deep. Then three or four cre.soted poles just like telephone poles are driven into the ground. This will form the foundation for the steel and concrete stadium which will rise at the site.

(Christian Science Monitor)

The quality of independence is not strained.

In Laos today there is a sturdy. eager desire to stay clear of Chinese domination. This is money iijj, the bank, as the Western powers try again for a government of national union in that country.

It would be foolhajdy to accept the cynicism of any Washington circles today, and to write Laos off because the military battle has largely been lost. It would be rash to say that a neutral government would be merely a, handout to the Lao Communists.

The Pathct Lao are not popular. It is not a foregone conclusion that they will gobble up a neutralist Cabinet where it has been prearranged that they will be thoroughly outvoted, probably by nine to three. A moment of history will prove that point.

The Pathet Lao^ were a rebel group which had'been fighting the French overlords, at the time ofi-the^breakup of France's Indochina empire. They were frankly pro-Communist, just like their neighbors and collaborators. the Viet Minh forces to Ho Chi Minh. When the truce came, after Dlen Bien Phu, the northeni part of Viet Nam was given to Hos forces and the Pathet Lao were permitted to hold the two northern provinces of Laos.

Ever since then there has been intermittent blcKXlshed and terror, as the Pathct Lao raided down into Laos proper from their northeni mountains. The average Laotian, both politician and villager, came to fear them

greatly. And his fear merged into the millennial anxiety of all south Asians w'hen they think of the colossus of China which has rolled over them and exacted tribute repeatedly through tile centuries.

The plan for an independent, neutral Laos does not rest on political naivete, therefore. It may fail. But it also has a reasonable chance to succeed. That chance rests on three factors: '1' the firmness of the United States in bringing up troops and focusing, the issue of Lao independence for the whole world to see: <2) the presumed desire of Moscow to keep the Chinese Communists from rolling southward; (3) the^ lively desire of most Laotians, already mentioned. to stay independent.

These add up to a risk worth trying. Especially when most military minded policymakers have written Laos off. And when the effort to defend Laos by arms, through a reactionary faction, is plainly bankrupt.

The time has come for greater use of a secret weapon: the de.sire for national integrity and independence, especially among young and newly liberated peoples. The Pathet Lao drew their morale precisely from battling the French imperialists and then the Americans, but it is coming to be known now that they are serving the harshest taskmaster of them all. The new Lao government would attempt to stay clear of the cold war, resist subversion, and try to build an. independent nation.

And -r- .say it in a whisper independence is really on freedoms side however neutral it might seem on the spot.

Its going to be quite a sight, this outdoor stadium. It is located opposite Elmhurst School south of 14th St.

Ooinions

n Brie::

Life Is not so short but that there is always time for courtesy. Ralph Waldo Emerson.

A taxpayer, according to Rep. Carroll Kearns of Pennsylvania, is a person wlio doesnt have to pass a Civil Service examination in order to work for the government. Savannah (Ga.) Morning News. ,

Actually our founding fathers had some things dowm pretty pat. They believed that after the divinity of God nothing is so sacred as the dignity of the individual. Florence (Ala.) Herald.

Know-where helps a husband in the kitchen. Decora h (Iowa) Public-

Opinion.

When you are dissatisfied and would like to go back to youth, think of algebra. Mesquite (Texas) Mesquiter.

If the shoe fits, wear it unless you are a \yoman. Then, of course, you will want to wear a size smaller.Anderson (S.C.i Independent.

index

lo ine

ideals

By QEORGE E. SOKOLBKY Copyright, 1962,

King Features Syndicate, Inc.

The Kennedy Administration represents the thought processes of a generation which may be referred to as Post World War II. To this generation, the Great Depression Is not a experience, but history. Its sociological consequences are fairly measurable by now.

One of the philosophers of this post World War II generation is Arthur Schlesinger Jr.. a Harvard professor whose knowledge of American history is extensive and whose works have brought to him many friends and enemies. He is currently one of President Kennedys principal advisors. 1

He has written an article for The Saturday Evening Post entitled: The Failure of World Communism. It Is not only an unusually pro-, found statement of the case but discloses, in no small measure, the thinking of the Kennedy Administration,

The New Deal was a violent social change, attempting by one swoop to overcome three centuries of economic and social habit in this country. It moved fast and with unneeded roughness. It was not socialistic but lost an understanding of the processes and goals of capitalism. "

The Eisenhower Administration was a standstill concept of government. It avoided the extremities of conservatism and smashed Senator Joe McCarthy; it avoided a showdown with Soviet Russia because it could not understand the nature of Communism.

The Kennedy Administration has adopted a moderate course, an avoidance of extremes. It has accepted the ills w'hlch it has inherited as involving unavoidable tasks but it fears absolute commitments which imperil national existence.

Arthur Schlesinger Jr. finds that the Soviet government has betrayed the Idealism of the Communist movement. As a historian, he must know that this Is not unusual because the relationship between thought and action is remote. We think and dream in a vacuum; we mostly do what we must. Schleslngers own moderation will be affected by the necessities of being an official of government who must do com-peiling chores which cannot wait.

Schlesinger holds that world Communism has been a failure. He says;

... Where Marx portrayed Communism as the fulfillment of the process of modernization, history seems abundantly to show' that, if the world avoids thermonuclear suicide, the modernization process, contrary to Marxist prophecy, will vindicate the mixed Society and render Communi.sm obsolete.

The Western World was so slow in discovering the reactionary nature of Communism, that it is surprising that the Communists have not been more successful. Resistance in the West was scant. In this country, it was even unpopular. American liberalism in the 1930s turned to Communism as a possible approach to Social Justice; American conservatism spent itself confusing Communism with labor troubles. Schlesinger, however, using the term, modernization, for the more accurate term, moderation, says:

Marx rested his case for the inevitability of Communist triumph on the theory that capitalism contained the seeds of its own destruction. He argued that the capitalist economy generated inexorable inner tendencies contradictionswhich would infallibly bring about its downfall. One^ inexorable tendency was the* increasing wealth of the rich and the increasing poverty of the poor. Another was the increasing frequency and severity of economic crisis., Together these tendencies ' would infallibly carry society to a point of revolutionary ripeness when the proletariat would rise in its wrath, overthrow the po.sse.ssing classes and install a classless society.

(Continued on page five)

nothing exc doesn't want al war over real estate in

35-Hour Week Can Add To Woes

By ELMER ROESSNER

Strength For Today

By EARL L DOLGLASS

WHIPS OR AI^GUMENTS

When David Livingstone, the African explorer and missionary. was beginning his work, he had some difficulty in making converts among the natives of a certain village. The native chief, who liked Livingstone, offered to assist the missionary. Ill send for my head man. he said, and we'll beat the people with rhinoceros-hide whips until they are all converted.

Naturally Dr. Livingstone declined this chiefs offer and continued to teach the people and cure the sick day by day. After he had lived in the village some time, he-' began to make many converts every week, T-he

nathe.s had learned what a splendid, helpful man Livingstone was, and they believed in him. The rest was simple.

The native chief had not discovered a great truth which Livingstone already knew, that good examples ia a better teacher than force. Often we see I^ople around us at work and at home who remind us of the old chief they try to force their ideas on their associates by shouting^'bullying, loud arguments, arid a great deal of talk. But it is easier to shout people ^owm than to convince them inwardly. More often the truly influential are the quiet, helpful People who in.spire us fn accept their kft'as t> the excm-ple of their owii actions.

George. Meany, president of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations, told the Atlantic City convention of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America that the 35-hour week with the same take-home pay would solve this unemployment problem overnight. '

And so it would.

It would also plunge America into worse problems. And, to revive a boyhood phrase. It would also make a monkey out of President Kennedy.

And in the end it nAht create still unemployment.

The present work-week is somthing less than 40 hours. In fact, some unions have less than a 35-hour week.

14.4 PERCENT WAGE COSTS RISE

Assuming a 40-hoar week for purposes of calculation, a cut to 35 hours without a reduction in take-home pay would mean a payroll increa.se of 14.4 per ccn',

Manufacturers, wholesalers

and retailers would immediately have to increase their prices by that much in order lo keep their present margins. Actually, the increases might have to be greater becau.se of added payroll and accounting work involved in maintaining four million more people on payrolls, which is Meanys goal.

With all prices moving up one seventh, organized labor would be forced to demand still higher pay rates. This would be followed by new price rises, new wage demands and again the economy would be plunged into a tight inflationary spiral.

MAY COST "More ^obs

The shorter work-weekmight actually lead to fresh unemployment. Marginal operations which could not boost prices without losing sale.s might be squeezed out of business.

And our export maiket, already hurt because of competition from low-wage nations, might be diminished further. As foreign markets disappear, American factories would have to lay off workers.

ready having difficulty in competing with many specific ideas. It is cheaper to buy transistors in Japan and pay transpacific freight rates than to make them here. Despite freight and duties, many Americans find European autos better buys than small American cars.

Americaa iwoducts are al-

Decline of exports would be especially dangerous in view of the United States precarious gold position. Our purchases abroad (including travel and investments) are so much greater than sales abroad that our gold supply is dw'lndling.

Gold stocks declined $30 million in each of the last two weeks, shrinking the supply to $16.435.000;000 the Ibwest

level since August 16, 1939.

If prices of American exports are forced up further, still less will be sold abfoad and we will regain less arid less . of the world's gold. )+.-

KENNEDY SNUBBfe)

President Kennedy has taken a strong stand against the shorter work week. In a speech before the United Automobile Workers ia Atlantic City May

8, he urged that labor limit wage demands to increases in productivity, and he warned against w'age demands that would require price increases, then frther wage demands.

At that point there was no applause.

Secretary of labor Arthur Goldberg told the Amalgamated Glothmg Workers that he felt the goal of full employment should be sought m a 40-hour week.

The next day the convention unanimously voted to demand a shorter work week in 1963 and 1964 contracts.

SEES GREATER GROWTH IN ELECTRONICS SPENDING

A marked increase in the field of space research and exploration, perhaps as much as five-fold In the next several years, was predicted by Elmer W. Engstrom, RCA president, in an, address to the National Industrial Conference Board.

This year the government Is spending $8 billion for electronics, he said, and'the total will be just under $12 billion in the 1965-66 fiscal .year.

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