Ifonday, May 14, 1962

When I CaU You That-

Home^Rule Is Nearer Realization

Home rule by boards of county commissioners in North Carolina has made grreater ^strides in the past decade than at any other time in the history of the state, but many county governing boards are still too closely tied to the apron strings of the General Assembly.

The trend toward greater autonomy by county commissioners in directing the affairs of their respective counties will be able in a few more years to govern themselves fairly well without running to the General Assembly every two years for decisions about purely local matters. For the county governments and for the General Assembly it wiil be an important day when County Commissioners have authority to direct the affairs of the county without awaiting approval by the General Assembly.

A recent survey by the Institute of Government shows that in 45 of the 100 counties of the state now the Boards of Commissioners have authority to set salaries for both elective and appointive officials of the counties. Although the other 55 counties still have to look to the General Assembly for final w^ord on county salaries, there has been a marked improvement since 1950 when only seven of the 100 counties had such authority. In addition to the 46 counties which have full salary-setting powers, another 16 counties have authority to set the salaries Df appointive officials even though the matter of salaries for elective officials remains for final determination by the legislature.

A similar change has taken place with respect to authority for setting fe^s for various county offices. In 1953 only IS counties had authority for their boards of commissioners to set fees without going to the legislature. Now in 50 counties the

import jorae

On 'me America

(Editors Note: The author of the following column, Arthur Rudolph, is editor of the Johannesburg Post, a daily news-. paper of some 130,000 circula-tlwi In South Africa. He recently spent several days in Raleigh while on s tour of the United States under the Foreign * Leader Exchange" Program of the Department of State. The tour, arranged by the Govern mental Affairs Institute of Washington, covered such cit ies as New York, Washington Raleigh, Atlanta. New Orleans. Dallas. Phoenix, San Francisco. Chicago and Providence, in that order. He was asked to give some of his impressions of America up to his visit in the North Carolina capital city).

- LETTERS- I have 5ust written three letters, one to each of my children, and I find I have completed an exercise in truth The three letters were my first to them since I arrived In America a few weeks ago. Be fore I left South Africa each had asked me to write and say what it is like.

Now America can mean many different things to a boy of nine, a girl of 13 and a boy of 15. So I started to tell them separately about th(^ different things. Michael, the one who Is Bine, Is interested in things that movethe faster and higher the better. So I told him about the motor show in New York and about what I hoped to see at Cape Canaveral. For good mea- ^ sure I added aomething about televlaioB.

Susan, the middle one. would be interested In fashions and shows, I knew. So I looked In shop windows on Fifth Avenue and in Washington and right here in Raleigh and described what I saw as best I could., I also told her about television and about My Pair Lady and the ^ fine production of "Uncle Vanya I saw at the Arena Stage in Washington. ^

Niebolas plans to take a degree in. agriculture when he leavea school and become a farmer. So I watched the countryside from the train and walked round thei"-bams and ploughed fields in Zetmlon and talked to the men who had ploughed the fields and would soon fill the bams.

When I told them what I believed they were most Interest

ed in I realized I had told them very little, or very little they could not have learned by reading some good American magazine or another.

So in each of those three letters I wrote about children in America and when they compare their three letters they will find I have told them much the same things. But it bears repetition.

The children here seem very polite. I wrote. They talk respectfully to their elders and always call me sir. Their clothes seem informal to me but it really is infomiality and not sloppiness.

At the Inteniational Centre in Waih groups of girls

about my daughters age were acting as hostesses on particular evenings, serving refreshments and helping with the general activities of the centre. They in South Africa would find this sort of public servlcc as unusual actinty.

In New York and Washing ton, but not alas in Raleigh, sw children of different racial groups playing together and walking in the streets together and I thought this worth reporting. I added that I believed it would in time be the same in Raleigh.

In the home of rock and roll and the twist I was able to write of how many young people I saw in the museums and art galleries.

I mention" D this which' Is. as I have said, an exercise In truth because I read last week how unhappy President Eisenhower was about young Amer-ican.s. Perhaps your esteemed ex-Piesident w'ill take another look at what he sees around him and find, as I have found, that his country is becoining a young per.son8 country.

And I hope, when my children read their letters in a few days, that they will see that the America of the Juvenile delinquents. of the drug peddlers. pi the sexual deviationists. of the anxious columns of statistics about crime, is a small America.

The large America is the one where tlie normal families and their children live and where.

I am sure, they will feel as much at home as in their own town. I hope that one day they have the opportunity to .see this for thcrrLsclves as I am doing.

' rr -ififn vnr t - ~-nr asar ~ i

Commissioners have authority to set clerk of court fees, in 55 counties they can set register fees and in 41 counties they can set sheriff fees.

Obviously North Carolina still-has considerable progress to make in this field of "home rule" by counties before Boards of Commissioners can be looked upon as autonomous bodies. It is obvious, also, that the legisls^re has been reluctant to give up its power to dtermine purely local issues in many counties.

In such matters as salaries, fees and the like, the county board of commissioners should not have to look to the General Assembly every two years in order to make changes. The commissioners, after all, are elected by the people of each county to carry out the -governmental functions of the county government. They have authority to levy taxes, appropriate funds for the various county operations. Certainly they should be trusted with authority to set salaries and fees of offices without first getting approval of the countys members in the legislature.

We trust that 1963 will be the year in which the county governments of the state are given full powers of home rule so far as county government affairs are concerned. It would, in our opinion, make for better county government throughout the state and at the same time take a considerable burden of^ the legislature which every two years finds itself faced with hundreds of purely local bills on matters that should be decided by the respective boards of county commissioners.

An 11th Hour Setback Could Be More Severe

With worsening conditions in Laos there has arisen the question of whether the United States will commit its own troops into the battle to salvage what remains of the Southeast Asian country.

President Kennedy has ordered an alert of the Seventh Fleet in the Pacific as well as other Ameri- f can forces have begun to move within striking distance of the military action in Laos in which the United States already as involved to the extent of material and militarj" advisers.

There is no question about the Kennedy administrations being committed to the idea of trying to save Laos from communist domination. The big question is whether the administration will risk another Korea in Laos in an effort to stop the communist from overrunning Southeast Asia.

One way or the other that answer apparently must come within the next several days. Loss of Laos to the communist could be a severe blow to the free world for it w'ould increase the threat of the loss of Southea.st Asia. An unsuccessful effort to defend the country, even by committing U.S. or other troops at the 11th hour, may be an even more severe blow- to the prestige of the United States and the free world in Asia. -

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

The Young Will Adjust

Copyright, 1962, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Herbert C. Holdridge. BrigadierGeneral, . S. Army (Retired), who signs himself Administrator of the Constitutional Provisional Government of the United States, sends out a lot of press material. Let me quote a paragraph from General Holdridge as a basis for dl6cussi<i: ,

Again the crimes against our people* are plotted in the Vatican with the collaboration of Big Money, implemented through Outlaw Kennedy who rose to power by fraud. . .Kennedy, your (not our) Commander-In-Chief, Involves us in blunder

after blunder: the Cuban invasion; of Berlin; of Laos and Viet Nam; of the illegal mobilization of reservists for an undeclared, illegal war; of waging economic war against U. S. Steel and other industries; of atomic testing resumption; of involvement In the Common Market of foreign nations polling their bankruptcies to wage economic war against us; of the recommended betrayal of our military forces to the United Nations under control of enemies of our Constitution. . .Having no intelligence, he must, naturally, blunder. He and his mentally-retarded, Trigger-Happy Irish. Roman Catholic Mafia

..QIGCl Wcir Other Editors Saying. ,

On Tht0 Pormulo

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By RALPH ROBEY

Walter Reuther, president of the United Auto Workers, has declared open waifare upon the Kennedy Admlnlsiratlons formula for the determination of wag-es. That formula, it will be recalled, is, that wage increases should be related tolhe national growth of ptoductivity. This, did not mean that every company .should lift wages by the same amount, but it was offered as a general guide.

We objected to this as a basis of wage determination because of the disagreement among students as to the best method for measuring productivity, the difficulty of selecting the peiiod to be covered, and the Impossibility of accurate forecasts which would be es.sential In multi-year contracts. Re^uthers refusal to accept this Admibistration suggestion is of an entirely different character.

According to Reuther. wages must be Increased by more than the ilse of output per manhour. His reasoning Ls that the lack of more rapid growth of the economic system as a whole is dUe to inadequate purchasing power, and the best method for correcting this is through wage advances in excess of the national ri.se of productivity. He further maintains that wage increases have not kept pace with the growth of productivity. This is not true, no matter how one measures productivity. It is not true even for basic wages, and when one includes the fringe bcnefit.s the Reuther statement becomes fantastic.

But Reuther does not limit himself to regular wages. He mainiaim that time-and-a-half for overtime Ls no longer adequate. It should be lifted to double time. His purpose here is to force employers to hire unemployed workers, and presumably if double time did not have this result he would favor lifting the penalty wage until a company would have no alternative to increasing Its labor

force, regardless of what this might do to the financial position of the producer.

And if there is a labor dispute in one plant. Reuther says he will not permit the company to increase output at another lo-ciation. This is a situation which concerns only multi-plant producers. but it means that Reuther proposes to exercise even more control over the legitimate rights of management.

What Is new in all of thLs?

Certainly it is not that lack of purchasing power Is the real reason our nation does not have a larger growth rater Reuther has been preaching that doQt#me for years. He always has refused to recognize that profits are the motivating force in a system of individual enterprL'^e. He believes that business makes too much in profits - that prices should be lowered and wages increased year after year. Since Reuther is not stupid, he knows he must know that such a course of fiction is not possible.

The suggestion of overtime is new. The law requires e.xlra payment beyond 40 hours, but the purpose is. pre.sumably, protection of the worker. It never was designed to force management needlessly to add to its labor force. And It must not be so used. In many Instances it is prudent for management to use overtime, and In some cases, as a result of labor contracts, it would be foolish not to follow this practice. Many work-ers, it also should be noted, prefer overtime, and count upon this as part of their weekly wage.

The purpose to prohibit management from Increasing output at one location when there is a dispute at another plant Is an Issue that has been argued over for years. Any real attempt to enforce this would be of no help to workers as a group.

But most iinportant of all Is that we should have such sug-

(Continued on ptft flve)

(Washington Daily News)

Whenever there are candidates or issues to be voted upon, it is common tendency to try to get as many registered voters as possible to cast ballots.

It appears to be a healthy thing to get out a heavy vote. The hea\der the vote, ths greater expression of democracy we have.' Under a system of government where the ma- jority rules, a heavy vote 'indicates a better expression of opinion from the people.

Yes, a heavy vote looks good for a community. Anc we all desire r to see a lot of people go to the polls. Creating en-thu.siasm to such an extent that we will have a heavy vote is the first concept of voting.

But there is another concept which is most important, but this concept i.s seldom given the sti-ess which we give to the size of the vote. This concept is intelligence. "Voters ought n^t only to vote but they also ought to vote Intelligently. Merely casting a ballot for th sake of voting leaves much to be desired.

A few days ago we heard a man say, There are several candidates in this race; I am voting against this man and against that man. He never said which one he was voting for. We have long contended that people feel more strongly against a candidate than they might feel for a candidate.

If we look at the proposition carefully, there is no way really to vote against a candidate. The, "against votes are not counted that way. Voters vote for candidates, not against other candidates.

In the particular case above, the voter admitted that he did

not know the other candidates in the race. But he knew two men in the runlng, and he likes neither. So he Is going to vote against these two, but in so doing, he must vote for some candidate with whom he is not acquainted.

In America we generally take it for granted that the candidates themselves must make themselves known to the voters. There is also a challenge to the voters to find out all they can about all the candidates, and on the basis of knowledge and information make up their minds. It is difficult for all candidates to get to know all voters.

If all voters would find out what they can about the candidates in the various races, we In America would witness much more intelligent voting.

In recent years the picture has improved radically. Newspapers, radio and television stations, quicker travel, and better education have all combined to make it much easier for a candidate - to become known. And then the %ld time political bosses who a few years ago held the vote of a precinct or county in their vest pockets have about fade^ away. Todays voter is better equipped to gain knowledge and vote intelligently than ever before. But sadly enough a lot of people never get Interested in finding out all possible about the candidates.

So if we can have a heav-y vote and an intelligent vote, we will pay real tribute and honor to this democratic way of life we live under and love. We owe it to ourselves and to each other to select the best possible candidates to govern us In the days ahead.

set the tune, and you generals and admirals dance the Twist, blindly without concern for your oath of allegiance to defiend the Constitution. In the process you commit one overt act of treason after the other.

If such a paragraph were written by a Communist, as it well might be, it would be regarded as subversive. General Holdridge is entitled to his opinion. He is a citizen and is entitled to speak up In ojoposi-tion to any official. He dislikes President Kennedy, principally because he is a Roman Catholic and has a rich father. General Holdridge is anti-Roman Catholic, which is his privilege.

He believes:

The prime movers In these acts of violence, now as then, are the Pope and his helrarchy in Rome, and the IntemaikMial Big Money monopolists of Waill Street.

However, we are at war with Soviet Russia. Our civilization as well as our nation is imi>er-illed by this war. There are He-publicans as well as Democnats who are critical of President Kennedy, but when it comes to the safety of the country, most Americans stand shoulder to shoulder against the enemy.

CJeneral Holdridge says;

You advance the conspiracy to create the ^enemy Cwnmu-nism, knowing full well that a potential enemy was necessary to Justify wars and war spending to keep the economy alive, and that had not Communism existed, another enemy must necessarfly be created for the purpose.

This is not good talk. *!ii5 give.*! the impression that Communism is not an enemy; that even Soviet Russia is not an enemy; that the enemy of the American people is the American government.

This has no foundation bi facti It has no meaning In American life. And yet. General Holdridge is not to be ignored, for he has a following, as

there is discontent in the land, particularly among dder people, who cannot adjust themselves to changes.

Inez Robb made a point Jn her quarrel with a hotel mqn In Arizona that some peoj^e cannot cope with the)th Century. Surely that does not mean that the 20th Century is good or bad. better or worse, thiin,^ to pay 4H percent. I once ask

the 12th or the 18th. It is heire ed Thomas A. Edison Who was

loday

By ROGER BAB80N

BABBON PARK. Mass., I have spent the day reading a remarkiUjle bookTHE PICTORIAL HISTORY OP WALL STREET368 pages size 12 X 9. This history shows clearly that the fundamental facts underlying Investing during the past decades apply equally today. (This is an anniversary of the New York Stock Exchange founded just 170 years ao.) Let me describe ten facts.

(1) Safety and income come from careful selection and supervision of your Investments. Profits come usually from gambling: although your total investment will rise and decline in value along with the Dow-Jones Averages. But big profits come from buying into new ideas, new discoveries, and scientific developments. To make big money, read scientific Journals rather than ordinary financial news.

(2) Newtons Law of Equal and Opposite Reaction can be depended upon when tlie AREAS Involved are properly considered. This was first noticeable when African slaves and gold were the only commodities traded on Wall Street 200 years ago. I beUeve that we will continue to have periods of Decline and Depression during the next few years. Congress can legislate only to temporarily postpone declines; but cannot change the AREAS involved.

(3) A study of Wall Street history during the past 170 years shows that dips in the stock market have always come unexpectedly, without warning. This was true lyhen slaves, gold, or stocks were selling abnormally highas at present. Such bear markets have always followed great wars, from Napoleonic Days through World War I. No such bear market has yet occurred following World War II. The D-J Industrial Average was around 100 in 1942 and has since ^ climbed fairly steadily upward, standing around 670 today^

(4) Special groups of stocks have acted differently during the past 150 years. The demand for slaves and land declined from 1860-65 while the demand for gold and railroad stocks was very active. Then, being over-popularizedas the electronics and space stocks are today they had a terrible slump wlth most of the companies going into receivership. Most of the stocks in the same group suffer more or less together; but dlf-fcrit groups can act very differently.

(5) Bonds other than governmentswere almost nonexistent until 75 years ago when corporation bonds began to be Issued. A study of quotations shows that the bond market is usually going down when the stock market is going up. Careful investors will Jhold both stocks and bond In a proportion varying according to conditions, For ^stance, good corporation bonds can now be bought to yield 4^ percent while the stocks of the same corporations will yield today 3 percent or less. Hence, the switching of stocks Into bonds has now begun on Wall Street and It will continue until the stock yield equals the bond yield.

(6' Naturally, everyone who knows Wall Street wlll advise diversification of all kinds. Dont put all your money in stcks or bonds. Real estate can be bought in the Central West and South West at $75 per acre. One must pay more to get land in an oil or mineral terrain. There never will be any more land. If you can get enough rent for pasture rights to pay taxes, buy such land. When buying land, be willing to pay for adjoining fresh water. Someday fresh water In quantity Will almost be liquid gold!

I believe in African gold stocksalso good Mutual Funds and especially insured savings

and it Is making its own peculiar history.

There are those In this cosin-try who find the middle of 12ie 20th Century a muddle and they cannot adjust their minds and habits to the results of a deep depression and thuee wars. They cannot grasp lhe consequences of the Marxist

(Continued on page seven)

the greatest Inventor. He replied The man who invented compound interest. The lower Manhattan Island with Wall Street later its centerwas bought from the Indians for a few trinkets valued at $24.00, If the 'Indians had taken the cash and Invested it at 6 per cent Interest, compounded quar- Continued on Page 7)

?K Influenced By Gold Problem

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGIJiSS FACTORS OF CHOICE By what aie you dominated as you make daUy decisions in every aspect of your lives? Are you dominated by fear? Are you dominated by a desire to follow the best ^Ucy? Are you dominated by jealousy?

Well, most people are probably dominated by sincere and honest motives for most people are sincere and honest. But the question is not always between right arid wrong - the question Is often between pletsant and

made with the desire to avoid responsibility and work. We were led by our fancy or our Indolence. We did what we wanted to do or ^what we thought we wanted to do.

The truly happy people are thOw.v. who have themselves well in hand. They accept the fact tht there is considerable frustration in every life, that we cannot all be successful at least not all the time and that a decision made on the basis of sacrifice and righteous

By ELMER ROESSNER

The biggest problem facing the Administration, and'the one that may be causing those furrows In John F. Kennedys brow. Is the drain on the United States gold supply.

Analysis indicates it is influencing his actions in labor-man-agement relations, his stand on tax amendments, his position on tariffs and world trade and his attitude on many foreign problems.

The U. S. held $24 bllUon in gold in 1948-49, Holdings declined slightly durtog the Tnanan Administration and much more during the 'Elsenhower Admin istration. TrUman left office and $23.3 billion in gold. Elsenhower left $17.8 billion. Under Kennedy, as of May 3, the gold hold-

danger point.

Of the $16.5 biUion In Fort Knox and other depositories, about $12 billion is the reserve against currency In circulation. And foreign governments and private individuals have claims in excess of the remaining $4 5 billion. They are not claiming it. of course. The American dollar, battered though it may be on the home front, is stiU as good as gold* abroad. But a sharp recession could push the country into a critical state in relation to other nations.

The way to get gold back frorn foreign countries is to sell them more of our products.

Thats why Mr. Kennedy is seeking to lower tariffs between the United States and the Common Market. Japan and other

unpleasant, dlfilault and

We make most at our decisions r)* mlUlon dol.

on the basis of fancy. :We fan*

ings were $16.5 billion, compar-friendly nations. If Tariffs are

cy this and do not fancy that, if we were to go back and examine our decisions at the end of each day we would find that many were made without much reflection, more even were

Watch out for the allurement of fancy. We can be a fanciful lot if we let ourselves go. We can be too indolent for words if comfort comes to have a big place in our lives. ,

ed with $17.4 billion a year earlier.

NEARING DANGER POINT When America held a major share of the free world'a gold, many economists said it would benefit the nation if other countries had a little more. But now our supply is approaching the

lowered, we will buy more of their goods, but unless that is done, We cannot increa.se our sales to them.

If our imports exceed our exports, v)e stand to lose more gold. But If exports exceed imports, well gain. Thats th gamble we baV* to take.

WHY DOWNWARD PRESSURE ON LABOR, PRICES

For the same reason, Mr. Kennedy is using extra-legal pressures to hold down prices of basic materials and labor rat.

If wage rates rise, prices will rise. And if the desire for profits is not curbed, prices will rise anyhowat least in the opinion of, the White House brains trust.

So if the U. S. is to get back some of its gold fay selling products in foreign countries, it has to keep its prices down and, hence, its wages down. If either or both wages and prices bsdloon, we will sell less abroad and that will mean more gold will flow out of the country to make up the difference between our purchases and our sales.

President Kennedys tax proposals are streaked through with fears arising from the gold sliuation. The proposal to require American-owned corporations abroad to pay taxes soon--er* is an leffprt to force them

to make foreign gold (or credits) available to the U. S. The plan to give corporations a 7 percent tax deduction on money spent for new. productive facilities is Intended to make them more competitive with foreign manufacturers.

DOLLARS SPENT MEAN GOLD LOST

The situation is further complicated by American determination to maintain an exten-sive, expensive overseas apparatus. Libraries, exhibits, embassies, consulates, broadcasts, student exchanges and armed forces abroad mean spencling of dollars, and every dollar is a lien on our gold supply.

Even our give-aways involve spending dollars abroad. Foreign travel, which the government was encouraging only.a few years ago, has the same consequence.

You may find it interesting to analyze Mr. Kennedys actions in the future. You may be amaz--d at how mwy of them have w relationship to our critical gold supply.