\. _

Monday, April 9, 1962 * ^ * '

Highway Toll Still Taken For Granted

^

Carnage on the highways of the nation is taken that nothing can be done to cut down the toll and more or less for granted by most people these days, prevent repitition of the story day after day.

Over a period of years, with the constant toll in Victims become statistics, and the human highway accidente, the publit has become accas- suffering and the great loss which go no make up tomed high death rate as a part of the cost those statistics tend to be hidden behind bare

of our highly mobile society. numbers of dead, disabled, injured.

Occasionally, however, an accident that for It is not enough to seek- to place the blame

some reason is nrnre spectacular or apparently here or there. Unless the American people are to more tragic than the run-of-the-mill highway acci- pay an increasing toll in lives year by year for dent, attracts attention and causes the public to use of the highways a better answer must be found pause for a moment to consider the higiLwa>' hazard to our highw'ay problem.

which confronts them individimlly and presents a it is not e'noiigh for the public to rea^ the daily

problem for the nation as a whole. story of trageSy, shake their heads and shrug that

Such is the case of the accident last weekend which snuffed out the lives of five Duke University coeds who'were returning from a Florida vacation.

The tragic accident shocked the university community in Durham. To a lesser extent it has had

its impact in other college communities in this and

other states, primarily because the victims w^ere college students. But other than the identity and number of the victims of this particular accident, it wasnt unusual. Young peoples lives are snuffed out every day across the nation in highway .tragedies. The combination of a wet highway, a skidding

The Scorpion Wouldve Stung Him

there is nothin'^ -which can be done.about it.

Chilling Implications, In Systems Breakdown

The phrase It cant happen here has probably echoed time and again in the minds of the villagers of Sneedville, Tennessee. ^

But in what one would presume to be the

vehicle and the siidden Tcfash dX grmding of "cant happens**, it did happen

.... iir .11 _.f nr Vi a a ri Kvrv +Vi^ -n'lmiol y\

they are familiar to all of us in connection with our highways.

Perhaps that is one of 4he troubles with our highways.

Perhaps that Is one of the troubles with our highw'ays today. Tragic accidents have become so much a part of the overall picture that we accept them with a moment of pity for the victims and their loved ones. We accept them with the idea

Schoo'.

Shows

Crusade

'i^esults

(By Dr. William C. Archie, Director, State Board of Higher Education)

Governor Sanfords crusade for quality education is shading constructive results all over the length and breadth of the Tar Heel State. It is difficult to imagine that any citizen has not been made more aware of the importance of and some of the problems concern-, inp education. In spite of all that has been said there remain many of our boys and girls, as well as many of our older citizens, who do not ap pear to understand the basic reason why our young people must have an education. No one would deny that reasonably good health is necessarj for a fruitful life. It is no less tnie that an education is equally necessary for. a meaningful and full life.

Several years agn,. President Harold Case of Boston University said . .in 1932 27 per cent of our nationt work force needed a college education; by 1958 58 percent of the population should be college trained: and. . .by 1970 we shall need a work force of whom 75 per *cent hold college degrees.

It. is not likely that as a na-' tlon we shall soon achieve Dr. Case's prognostication. Surely, we shall not in North Carolina for we are lagging seriously be-'lnd. Even so. to know this unhappy fact is not without importance.

What is our current situation In North Carolina? We are, not only behind the national level of education of our people, we are nearly at the bottom of all of

not find a job and who being idle has frequently joined the pang in the devil's workshop. The titles of two pieces which recently appeared in magazines of national circulation indicate the problem and our concern: We Waste a Million Kids a Year ' and Drop Outs to Nowhere The simple truth is that there are increasingly fewer jobs for the uneducated, and the drop out. especially in our cities, is a growing problem to himself, the State and the nation.

The drop out. growing unemployment among the uneducated. young and old. and the rise in juvenile delinquency and youth crime may not be precisely the same problems but clearly ail are first cousins. To keep our young citizens In school in appropriate programs will undoubtedly lead to improvement in all three areas.

It Is therefore painfully manifest that parents, school teachers, other educators, and indeed all people who claim affection for the future of our children and our State must join forces as they have never done in the past to do whatever mst be done to lift the level of education of our high school and college-age citizens.

It is easiest to demonstrate the need for an education in the economic area, but thi.<= falls far short of the full storjn A higher level of education will undoubtedly lead to a larger measure of economic security, but of greater importance, it will lead to a richer and much more satisiymg personal life, characterized by broader and deeper-cultural and so.

There was a breakdown in the judicial process ... a jury could not be seated to try two men with the slaying of two deputy sheriffs. So murder charges against the pair^vere dismissed.

The implications are chillmg.

We would assume the griat majority of our citizenry rarely if ever are involved in courts of law; yet, all rely on the judicial machinery as their ultimate safeguafd against injustice.

In turn, government by law rests upon the will of the citizenry, and the machinery of the law can only fail us when the people themselves decline to support it.

- When we first read Saturdays account of two men accused of murder being freed because no jurjr

eould be seated, our initial sympathies were with By GEORGE SOKOLSKY the men who must live out their lives under grue-some question marks. Second thoughls shifted that y y sympathy to the townspeople of Speedville who demonstrated to themselves and to others that the maei.inery which safeguards their lives and property is not impervious 'to human failings.

How Gould This Get By?

Gourt's Ruling And Economics

By RALPH ROBEY

It Is not customary for this spacb to be used for a discussion of legal developments. But when there is something in that field, which is certain to have an influence upon the financial and economic life of the nation, it properly falls within the scope of this column. In the past few days there has been a decision of the United States Supreme Court which is of this character.

This was the decision giving federal courts the power to rule upon apportioning of seats in state legislatures. Heretofore, the Supreme Court has refused to have anjihing to do with this problem. The current decision thus breaks new ground, and it Is being said "that it is the most important finding since the one ordering desegration in 1954.

The case arose because in the majority of our states, rural voters have substantially more power in selecting member.s pf legislatures than their proportion of the population indicates

ey, but the non-conservatiyes are the larger spenders. The net effect, thus, probably wiU be increased demands for federal aid.

Another result that must be expected is less effort to keep labor unions under reasonable restraint. Specifically those states which have right-to-work laws will be under increasing pressure to eliminate them, and the chances of getting additional states to pass such laws will be appreciably diminished. We believe in properly-run labor ufl-lons, but in neither the union shop or the closed shop, and a curtailment of the conservative element in state legislatures will enhance such compulsory membership.

It is also the non-conservatives who believe in concentrating power In the hands of government. We already have moved far in that (lirectlon. both at the state level and in the federal government. In the Congress, conservatives todav have a hard time fichting oft unsound measures.)and if still moreTTon-

Copyright, 1962, King Features Syndicate. Inc.

When one hires researchers and writers to assist him in preparing a speech or writing a book, he takes the chance that the other fellows ideas will creep into his work. Few professional writers use such assistance, sometimes called ghosts and at other times, editorial assistants.

Richard Nixon in hi.s book. Six Crises, acknowledges Al

vin Moscow, for his skilled professional services in directing research and organizing material. . Precisely what that means I, who have spent nearly half a century in the business of writing, do not know, but it is apparent that Moscow did not know enough about the Hiss Case not to miss a point.

There are few people in this country who know more about the Hiss Case than Richard Nixon. Why did this particular er-

Other Editors Saying, Slippage On "Mainland

the fifty states. Only a half nf tee

can hope for a greater measure of political insight, and wiser political decisions. When we have achieved a college education for 75 percent of the people, the demagogue will be a rare bird, and the red-gallus-ed political hoodwinkers will have to find some other way to make a living.

In fine, a high school education, once regarded as quite an achievement, will be less and less sufficient for the future. A college education, once regarded as a luxury for the few. has become all but a necessity. These undeniable facts must be burned into the consciousness of all the people.

they should havfiv The..eL

CRir eigntwlrYew plds achieve a high school education and only 37 of this half manage to get to college. This means that no more than 20 percent of our college age boys and girls ^age 18-22) achieve a college education.

This miserable record is all the more poignant when one thinks of the relationship of the high school drop out to juvenile delinquency and youth crime. (The college drop out problem is also related to this State and national problem but in a much lesser degree.) , Increasingly, we are being forced to concern ourselves with the drop out who can-

The Daily Reflector

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means for handling this would

Slates themselves. But in many, manv cases the state have re-UKsed to do this, and the urban and suburban voters have become Increasingly arou.sed. The particular case which was brought to the Supreme Court was from Tennesseia^' The constitution of that stateN(;equires reapportionment every ten years, but it has not been done ^.ince 1901, because of the strength of rural voters.

Economic importance of the decision arises from the fact that rural voters are more conservative than those from urban or suburban areas. That Is true in every .section of the country. Weakening this conservative strength will have ramifications of extremely broad character. And since the decision may also result in forcing changes for congre.sslonal districts, the effects may involve national legislation.

One of the almost certain results at the state level will be to require rural citizens to pay larger taxes. This would come about by putting an end to the unrealistlcally low read est^e assessments on farms and farm equipment and buildings. Such a change would give the states more funds,.but It does not follow that less demands will be made upon the federal government. Both conserv'atives and non-conservatives tend to fe-gard federal funds as free mon-

ther the House or the Senate.

victorie~s-.will_.2e-on p im possible..

Now all Niese are long-term

(Christian Science Monitor)

Speculation as to whether Fidel Castro Is being swallowed by his own revolution has been animated in recent weeks. And, since the bearded leader has confirmed such a swallowing attempt by his Cuban Communist allies, the speculators have moved on to the subject of a possible break between Castro and Moscow.

At the moment this subject is open only to fascinating but Impractical guesswork A more profitable inquiryand one of profound importance wculd be into the effect on Latin America of what has already happened in Cuba.

Only two months ago Castroism remained a potent -pepulafr sway the shrewd politicians trying to hold their balance m Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, What ha since happened in

' Cuba could-without any dra-thU court decision to aork its resurgence

of Castro as a Nasser-style independent or demise as a Nagy-type martyrsharply alter the sway of Castroi.sm on the mainland. And with it severely damage the prospects of Latin-American Communists,

Since the end of the war the.se Communists, always a small minority, have sought vainly to find a popular coattail on which to ride. They tried antl-Yankeelsm, but it was too much common currency for them to patent. They tried specific issues like the Panama Canal and lit no sparks. Then Castro arrived. His coattails provided their . great chance. At the ,outset he w'as a triple-threat: he was anti-Yankee; he had a coterie of genuine reformers in his court; and he was simptico, he expressed the longings of the landless peons in a rushing, stream-of-consciousness demagogy.-

way through our political .structure. But this does not lessen its significance and there is no way that it can be offset.

Ooinions

in

We suppose it's just wishful 'th'inkirg. But it would be nice If they could rever.se the course oL progress enough to get back to penny postcards and mail delivery twice a day. Norfolk Ledger-Dis-patch.

Stoulish, middle-aged women, a motor expert reports, are the safest drivers; but, iriy boy, youd better be pretty darned careful whom you compliment on that score.-7-J>ageland (S.C.) Journal.

> -: - --

Inthispreeminently scientific age, when there la a continuing temptation to elevate the scienes to delfic status, it is hmblng to be remnded that physics is not ultimate reality. Christian Science Monitor.

But then came the problem of governing instead of criticizing. Castros extremism soon drove out all the liberal reformers who had helped him beat Batista. With their departure Castroism lost its sway over liberal reformers on the mainland.

But what the news-foHowing, city-based intellectuals saw early continued to elude the isolated back-country laborer, for whom distant Castroism was Interpreted liy local agitators as an untarnished El Dorado.

Now. if Latin leaders seize the opportunity, Castros own words can be used to burst this bubble. Senor Castro has himself presented a disillusioning picture both of Cuban

Cuba and qf th^ ^drastic economic plight' br^giit on by three years of Cstrolsm, two of them under Soviet bloc aid antf guidance,

'The most damning evidence of all is contained in recent admissions made^to Montreal Star associate editor Gerald Clark, who^ w-as told by East German and Yugoslav technicians in Havana that the Cuban revolution is failing.

Cuba, like Albania, has become a cold-war symbol magnified out of proportion to its physical importance. But its psychological importance has tended to become quite tangible. Western diplomatic planners will now watch carefully for signs that Moscow, realizing the danger, may try tor disassociate itself from Cuban results.

Cuba itself Is not likely to fall tomorrow. But if the power "of its ism fails on the mainland, Alliance for Progress reformers ought to be steadily replacing the peons Idol with a more solid but equally dynamic vision. It takes some drama to follow a melodrama and hold the audience.---------

ror creep into his book? The manuscript was apparently read by Bill Henrj, Earl Mazo, Charles McWhorter, Raymond Moley and Kyle Palmer. Why did they not catch the error? Of course, had the manuscript been read by Judge Thomas Murphy.

Judge John McGohey. Judge Irving Saypol and Thomas J.

Donegan, the error would have been obvious to them. Had it been read by J. Edgar Hoover, the error would hav'e stuck out like a sore thumb.

The error has to do with the Woodstock typewriter which Hiss had owned and on which some of the Pumpkin Papers had been typed. The error that the researcher apparently made W'as to the effect that FBI agents found the typewriter on December 13, 1948. *0h December 15, the critical last day, an expert from the FBI typed exact copies of the incriminating documents on the old Wood-stock machine and had them flown up to the New York Grand Jury, according to the Nixon book. The case came to trial on May 31, 1949. Government witne.sses had sworn that the typewriter had never been in their possession. Attorney.

General Robert F. Kennedy so holds. In this book. In the Court of Public Opinion, Hiss claims that the Woodstock we found before the trials was a faBricated replica of our old machine. . .

Hiss claimed in his book that the typewriter had been found by the defense in Lockeys

aproduction per hour Jn? tempt was made to assert that creases. (Management wants the Pumpkin- Papers were for=-. ^^..i^gehineFy afee te

FK's 2 Big

ssues

Bv ROGER BABSON BABSON PARK. Mass., --President Kennedy is up' against two stonewalls. The first is that dividing East Berlin from West Berlin; and the second is how he can reduce unemployment.

JFK IS CONSERVATIVE BUT WORRIED Emplo.vment is increasing in practically all- linesmanufacturing, building, merchandising, and other important segments; but unemployment ,coa-tinues to plague us, and no .solution Is yet in sight. Before going into further details, let me say that JFK is getting fed up with his intellectual advisers. He is willing to listen to them; but he has decided to make his own decisions and not leave them to anybody-.dsfir=nct-Y=_ en to Vice President Johnson.

Some Administration officials are picking up big labors theme that the > government should do something soon to decrease heavy unemployment in the U. S. There is increasing talk of considering the problem an emergency. . .calling for drastic steps by Uncle Sam. These would Include advancing public works projects, creating make-work programspossibly a modem WPA So far, JFK has balked at grandiose proposals. mainly because they would be too costly and would throw federal budgets even farther out of whack. . .to say nothing of the adverse Impact on oiyr already-sick balance of foreign - pajntents. However, pressure from within and without the Administration is increasing. . .and 1962 election-year politics may force the President to send some stringent new proposals for reducing unemployment to Congress before too many more months have passed.

SELLING MORE -GOODS THE ANSWER JFK Is emphasizing to both management and labor that the great need is for the United States to sell more U. S.-manufactured goods at home and abroad and to keep prices do\n. He believes this demands an entirely new brand of tariff powers. an ability to* trade. This is especially important in view of the European Common Market. JFK believes that only as he is given dictatorial powers will he be able to meet dictators in Russia and other countries. I believe he is Correct.

In addition, the United States is faced with a rising imbalance of international payments and a resumption of the gold outflow. The nation really sits astride the hortis of a dilemma: If the unemplDjTuent problem is met by inflationary spending, our gold outflow may become a flood; if we try to prevent gold loss through higher interest rates and lowered spending, business may slump and unemplo^Tnent s()ar_ The President in tryingto boost foreign tradeis on the right track. . .but he will need to be a supersalesman to sell Congress on turning over to him dictatorial powers,

THE COMING STEEL CONTRACT The President is anxious to e.stablish the principle that wages per hour will increase

geries. It is not necessary to go Into this question now;- it is sufficient that Vice President Nixon admits that his researcher erred.

There seems to be an advantage for Alger Hiss in this error. He has served his term in prison. His notable career has been ruined. Whattaker Chambers is dead; his book, Witness, is an American classic. Hiss might petition for a pardon because of this error in Vice President Nixons book, but subsequent editions will correct the error.

Alger Hiss had one of the most brilliant careers in our government. Had things gone well with him, he might today be our delegate to the United Nations or even Secretary of State, He had moved swiftly from the N y e Committee, which should have aroused suspicion, to the State Department. He accompanied President Roosevelt to^the Yalta Conference where' infinite damage was done to the United States by the errors President Roosevelt made. He yas the organizer of the United Na-

tContinued on page five)

some wages. ) This may be okay for the steel corporations, but the trouble will come when all of the other unions want the same deal that the steel workers receive. Many corporations claim that, for various reasons, they cannot reduce costs further than they are now. All of this means that labor is tending more and more to approach a socialistic sjis-tem as far as production, prices, wages, depreciation, etc., are concerned. This, of course, is the big danger.

Meanwhile, the Presidents Labor-Management Committee has been conferring on automation dilemmas, but no workable program for dealing with automation - created uneijiploy-ment and retraining has been proposed. Nor has a plan for stcmrrilng economy - numbing strikes yet been aired. Internal union dissensions further complicate the situation. The Meany-Reuther-Hoffa triangle may not be eternal, but it will make for rough-and-tumble dis-. locations on the labor front during 1962, with many a headache for employers.

"ncreosing Income And Net Profit

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS - V NO FOOLING

There,is a lot of talk today about the necessity of getting to know communism better. If we know it better, if we will get together ..and discuss It with

pur the40a-

Mons between east and west will be lessened.

The truth is that we understand communism very well. From the standpoint ofeconomics it is hokus-pocus. Politically, it is not a government but a criminal conspiracy. Let us not waste our time discussing communism, let us do some-

admit those handicaps. But let us not be deceived by the ap-peasers, the academicians, the sentimentalists. The.se profess to believe that the situation will be made right if we will just set ourselves to making it so.

By ELMER R0ES8NER Total wages and salaries in 1961 were a little more than 3 per cent higher than in 1960, The average weekly g r,o s s earnings per worker in all manufacturing establishments In I960 was $89,72 and in 1960, $92.* 34, a rise of slightly less than 3 per cent., *

The net income of America's 3,557 leading corporations . was $21.1 billion in 1960 and $21,4 billion in 1961, a gain of 1 per

MANY GROUPS LNCREASE EARNINGS First National City divides the corporations into seven broad groups. The first, 2.138 manufacturing corporations. showed less than 1 per ,cent gain in profits- Fifty-one mining companies scored a 9 per cent gain; 331 trading corporations increased profits 2 per cent; 248 public utility corporations increased profits by a handsome 6 per cent: 181 ser-

S-'WwM ^in' WlTtCl^ i JWrt National City Bank S an- rnn,tnirtinn crnun had ft 2fi oer

shoe, leather, etc, corporations, down 36 per cent; 14 railway equipment companies, down 28 pen cent, and 18 meat packing corporations, down 25 per cent. COAL PROFITS RISE^

Coal companies, generally considered to constitute a sick industry, made the largest increase among mining companies. Twenty companies increased aggregate profits from $61 ^ million to $70 million, a rise of 15 per cent, in

3 per cent.

In the finance division, 56 fire and casualty insurance and 214 Investment trusts each averaged 6 per cent gain; 82 sales finance companies increased profits 5 per cent. However, 51 real estate corporations made 16 per cent less, A. Federal R.e-sen^e report on 6,113 banks, not included in the First National City totals, showed a gain of 1 per cent.

These figures constitute clues

plays any part is always to be w'ell prepared from the military standpoint, ready to defend our rights, willing to die rather than to submit to some things peoples of the world have submitted to already.

Feople of the twentle^th century are believed to be realists.

pual tabulation of corporate earnings; which appears in its April bank letter.

However, many of the groups of corporations Increased their net profits at a much better rate than did factory hands. Thirty construction corporations^ increased profits bv 625 per cent. Other groups did not do as

Let them show that they real-

thing about 11. 'What we should ly are^Cqmmunlsm wiJJ ......wU, -SeKentoett- .ato...transport

Itfcr itr ilO' Is it will Jx'ar corporation.^ went from a prof-

nothing efe(^ unless we want to ^It of<r$30.6 billion In 19(50 to a be extermi(^ed.^ ** *' lo.s.s of $9.4^bllin in 4961, a

Thera can be no^ooling here decline of 130 per cent. This

Let us take our stand and do our best.; *

off the face of the earth*. But this Is not possible. We are , membei%of a nation, and-,na-* tloTi.S" move slowly. We *'are handicapped, and. We m t

construction group, had a 26 per cent gain; 408 finance companies did 3 per cent better. anoP 205 transportation corporations, dragged dowm by air' transport losses, average(l a 17 .per cent loss.

Among manufacturing groups,

42 aircraft and space companies did the best, with ,a 69 per ri^ in proflte for the xea,r!.

Next best were ^ office rid pomputing equipment companies ^ ^q'2

the- big- conkuaaer 4c--whie)} industries a r outlets Were modest. Gains of growlh industries. ... chain stores, supermarkets, de^

partmentstores, specialty shops .BATTERIES, WIRING and mail order houses ranged CAUSE MORE AUTO XroYn 1 to 4 per cent. i BREAKDOWNS

with a rise of 29 per cent. However, there were many

In the tranSportatl(jn group, 18 common , carrier trucking corporations did almost as good as the air transport companies did badly. These truckers profits increased 18 per cent jmd-xest ..assui^^ that Jimmy Hoffa is reading this column

3b

division, 47

In th^ service

The American Automobile Association * offers ear manufacturers a clue to where improvements are most needed: * Of 65 million AAA service calls last year, battery and, electrical failures accounted for 16..5 millioii. W 25.tl per cent. This was the fifth year that battery ' and wiring problems led thelist.

group wa^the on^'^ne to show declines among >the manufa(^ur;^ a* 1961 defipit. '''Ing group's, Junong them: 23

4.: ^ \

I

amusement'corporations gained, .'Second Was'tire troubles 6 per -cent while 27 hotel and counting for 127 million calls,

restaurant companies declined or 19.58 Per cent of the total.

'i ^ ^' 'V . .1 r.