Tuesday, April 3, 1962

I

jStraws In Wind, Go Both Ways

Are relationships between East and West on All of these'factors would tend to point to an

..the verge of reducing international tension, or do .early ending of the period of relaxing tension which

the current signs point to another lowering of temp- has been in progress since the touchy Berlin situa-

eratures in the cold war? tion of last "year and the Soyiet nuclear tests.

There are straws in the wind which may be On the other side of the ledger, however, the

counted for either conclusion an individual may be fact that the Geneva conference is still in progress inclined to reach. It is worthwhile, how^ever, for the despite lack of progress is encouraging. The Sojj^ts straws to be considered even without trying to draw |jave done a minimum of sword-rattling although from them a firm conclusion at the moment. they have flatly rejected Western efforts to reach

The Geneva conference has plodded along common ground for settling both the nuclear test

- without any tangible indication that agreement wilb ban and the Berlin questions.

be reached either on the problem of disarmament There is^still talk of a summit meeting between

or on the problems w'hich surround the Berlin crisis. President. Kennedy and premier Khrushchev and

^ The Soviets have asserted they cannot agree to in- other heads of state, and such |t meeting would be spections in connection with a nuclear test ban be- expected to tke place during period of easing

cause of the increase in military readiness steps rather tham increasing tension.

^ they have had to take in face of the Western There Js increasing talk of joint scifintific ex-build-up of military strength. ploration of space by East and West, and this too

\V hile the conference has been going on, there suggests another path which would be open only

have been a number of incidents of Soviet and Eai^t if tension decreased rather than increased.

Gorman planes interfering with the air corridors Only one thing is sure. It will take time for a

' to Berlin which are authorized for Western air further easing of tension to be clearly indicated traffic. These provocative acts by the Soviets could by the words and actions of both East and West, be viewed as a prelude to another major crisis over A sudden increase in tension between the two camps

1, could come about at almost any moment, triggered

There is the increasing propaganda campaign by one of manv courses of actions, s by the Soviets projecting the idea that the United States is making plans for a preventive nuclear

war, and that .such ideas in the West^will cause ^ X UJTL, .

reaction in the Soviet Union. Here again "the propaganda campaign may be leading up to provocative moves by the Soviets, steps they might justify by saying they were taken to prevent a preventive nuclear war being contemplated bv the U.S.

Who Said That?

ir\c A

THE CONGRESS HAS VOTED FUNDS FORTHE B-70 PROGRAM-THE ADMINISTRATION 9H0ULD GET ON WITH IT I

Get What They Want

Of

abor

On Bandwaaon

By ALMON BARBOiTR ^ PobUc Information Officer N. C. Department of Labor Guest Writer TARANTARA-Amid the fanfare of centennials, tercentenaries, land grant anniversaries, and other historical, commemorative observances being prepared, pushed and celebrat-^ cd In the State this year, the DeiMutment of Labor has decided to Jump an the bandwagon and do some celebrating of its own.

. The occasion; the 75th anniversary of the creation and es-^"tablishment of the Labor De-partment as an agency of the State Government.

' The bill creating the present _ Labor Department's historical ^precursor, the Bureau of Labor Statistics. was enacted and ratified by the North Carolina General Assembly on Feb-ruEuy 28. 1887. It provided for the appointment by the Governor (rf a Commissioner of Labor Statistics at a salary of $1.500 per annum.

Said Commissioner, whose term of office was set at two years, was empowered to appoint OTie assist^t, at an annual salary of $900, toaid him In carrying out his duties under the law. The Commissioner also was allowed an additional $3,000 in operating funds for the Bureau of Labor Statistics the first year, and the sum Of $2,-000 per year thereafter. But no money for travel. . .and not even a coal-black telephone. Thus the Bureaus total annual appropriation after the first year was $4,400, or about wh.-it It c(ts the State now to hire one expenenced Stenographer

m.- ..... __.

The Cc^nmissloner s task, as spelled but in the statute, was to collect information upon the subject of labor, its relation to capital, the hours of labor, the earnings of laboring men^and women, their educational, moral and financial condition, and the best means of promoting their mental, material, social and moral prosperity.

Governor Alfred M. Scales Immediatelv appointed his friend Wesley N. Jones of Wake County to fill the new State post. Jones forthwith appointed J. M. Broughton of Raleigh to serve as his assistant.

The two of them went to work In March. 1887, gatheriifg by correspondence with peome all

over the State the voluminous statistical data required of them by the General Assembly, The following year they came out with their first annual report, a 243-page volume of facts, figures, and expressions of opinion from * workers and employers about the relation of labor and capital.

DIAMONDS-The 75th anniversary of these I9th Century acts and enactments makes 1962 the Labor Departments Diamond Jubilee year, avers Commissioner Frank Crane a man with an eye for anniversaries and a spirit for jubilation when the occasion arises.

Thus far, our attempts to borrow the Hope Diamond for Commissioner Crane to wear on his tie this year have been rebuffed by the gem's adamant ovTiers but, like a cigarette should, we're still trying and are confident of ultimate success.

Commissioner Crane is the tenth man to hold the office of Commissioner of Labor since its creation 75 years ago. Since being appointed by Governor mstead in 1954 to serve out the late Commissioner Forrest H. Shufords unex-pired term. Union County bom Frank Crane has been thrice elected to the office by the people of the State.

Other Labor Commissioners and their tenures in office have been John C. Scarborough of Hertford, 1889-93: Benjamin R. Lacy of Wake, 1893-97 and 1899-1901; James Y. Hamrick of Cleveland. 1897-99; Henry B. Varner of Davidson, 1901-1908; Mitchell L. Shipman of Henderson. 1909-25; Frank D. Grist"^of Cal4\^ll. 1225-30; .Cfih. A.-_ L . Fletcher of Ashe, -1933-38; and Forrest H. Shuford of Cleveland 1938-.54.

FERTILIZER An interesting sidelight on North Carolinas original Bureau of Labor Statistics is that it was financed from money raised by the tax on fertilizers. Another is that it was a mere division-in _ the State Department of Agriculture, Immigration and Statistics.

For more than 40 years this Bureau rocked along with very limited functions and even more limited personnel. Originally sponsored by Senator C.

P Lockey of New Hanover, it was intended solely as a fact-

tContinued on Page 6)

There Was ^ .time when the one-room school was as much a part of the community life in North Carolina as the little community church to which all the people flocked not only on Sunday morning, but on Wednesday evening as well.

The one-room school represented a new place of learning, the promise of the future, a new door opening through which youngsters would find greater opportunity than did those who were young in the daSs when there were no schools at all. By ALVIN TAYLOR Then canfethe day when* the one-room school was no longer adequate. Therewvas something better which afforded greater opportunity. It was the larger school, offering more subjects, better instructions for the youngsters, better teachers an.d better

surroundings in which the youngster could learn. Every editor cries for more Even those, which by todays standards are grossly - written and

inadequate, were among the best that could be pro- thought-out letters to the vided three or four decades ago. * editor. But sadly enough most

The tragedy is that in some counties inany youngsters still go to school m structures which have letters-those that take issue not been greatly altered since they were built for with the paper on a truly an earlier generation of children. Schools with pot bellied stoves in each classroom to provide heat, lighting that was common in the 1920s, without in- ..

door plumbing, cannot be considered today as part of a modern school system. Yet, in some counties editor:

of North Carolina this type of school building is OBJECTS of the Nation-

very much in evidence.

Officials may reluctantly make apologies for them, but they assert it is the best their county can do. It can afford no better because the local government lacks material resources with which to provide the children with better facilities in which to pursue their education.

In a few isolated cases, this- mav be a valid reason for the existence of antiquated school facilities. But for the mo.st part the experience of recent decades has shown that the people of a community usually get the kind of school they want for their youngsters. If they are content with outmoded, inadequate facilities and a minimum program for their children, thats all they have. If they desire something better for their youngsters, something more nearly adequate to meet the needs, they usually find a way to get it . . . even if it moans digging into their own pockets. .

And usually it does.

JIcNuaiit .STOli*t*. In"

Lawmakers Write, Too

sound factual basis., are few and far between.

Thus it is refreshing to your columnist to read the Letters to the Editor column of the Washington, (D.C.) Po.st. Published in the nations capital, this paper is blessed with congressmen, high government

rorum

and

al Congress of Parents Teachers read as foUow's: To promote the w'elfare of children and youth in home, school, church, and community.

To raise the standards of home life.

To secure adequate laws for the care and protection of children and youth.

To bring into closer relation the home and the school., that parents and teachers may cooperate intelligently in the training of the child.

No Ones Mae. At Byron White

The Daily Reflector

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By JAxMES MARLOW , WASHINGTON iAP) - You cant quarrel with President Kennedys appointments of Byron R. fWhizzer) White to the U. S. Supreme Court because of his age 44) or judicial experience (none).

The figures wont back you up. But there isnt much op-pasition to him anyway.

He is just a few years younger than the average age of all American Supreme Court justices at the time of their appointment. And hell be right at home as a man who never ser\'ed as a iudge before.

Only four of the nine justices oh the court last week unless Hugo Black.s experience as a policf court magistrate is counted had experience on , the bt'nch before going to the high court.

Apparently no one Is mad at White personally. This wa.snt so when .some of the present justices were named. Black 'and Felix Frankfurter were cohtro-vensial figures when Presidi^ht Franklin^ D. Roosevelt picked them!

Thert's a good explanation for thT- racr-.arNTnlmosity toward White. He has never said or done anything .so far as is now known - to stir it up.

No one .seems sure what hi? views on the Issues are sim

ply because he has been so publicly quiet since Kennedy made him deputy attorney general last year.

Before- then he was just a Colorado lawyer, known best for his brilliant scholastic record and as an All-America football 'player in the 1930s. He was a big Kennedy booster In the 1960 campaign.

Here are some figures fo set White against in the long history of Supreme Court* justices. going back to the beginning: At the time of their appointment their average age was al-most 53. This puts White about midway between the youngest and the average.

The youngest was Joseph Story, who was 32. Of the 93 justices in history, only two other justices were under 40 when appointed: William Johnson, 33, and Bushrod Washington. 36., All three were named in the earliest years of the court. Storx. the 1^ of them, was appointed in^ll. For the la.st 151 years, no oije under 40 has been given a seat on the court. Story was not only the youngestjustice appointed, but* .ser-vipti 4 years. Others matched the 34-year mark, but no one topped it.

Only nine of the 93 ju.stices served .30 years or longer. Be- Continen on Page 6>

To develop between educators and the general public such united efforts as will secure for every child the highest advantages in physical. mental, social, and spiritual education.

" TiUW' m loetl-

newsstands of obscene literature, we are endeavoring to raise the cultural sights of our curious adolescents. whose standards of judgment are unformed and whose knowledge is limited.

' Unquestionably, the proper moral, cultural, and spiritual training In the home is of most importance. But even the most carefully trained adolescent is curious, and indiscriminate or innocent curiosity can lead to delinquency, degeneracy, perversion and crime. Too, and regretably so. there is ignorance and indifference on the part of many parents as to their childrens choice of reading material. We have an even greater need to protect the minds of these children.

It Is a known fact that pornography Is big business in America today. We quote from the Report of the United Stales Senate Subcommittee to Inve.s-tigate Juvenile Delinquency: There Is a peculiar^resemblance to narcotics addiction in exposure of juveniles to romoc-raphy. There is the san ' p"*;-tern of progression. Once initiated into a knowledge of the unnatj^rar, the impres.sipnable young mind with the insatiable curiosity characteristil of those -reaching for maturity inevitably

hunts^for something stronger, something with more jolt, something Imparing a greater thrill.

The dealer In pornography Is acutely aware of this progressive facet; his array of material to feed this growing hunger is carefully geared to the successive states. Like the peddler of narcotics, his only interest is to insure that his customers are hooked; hgi, knowa that once they are * hooked they will continue to pay and pay.

a Preventing tie sale of pornographic materials to children is no more a violation of civil liberties than is the sale of liquor cm dope to these children, or withholding automobile licenses from them until they are capable of driving.

In January, 1%1, the PTA City Council started, its drive to rid local newsstands of obscene literature. John Grier was named chairman of this committee.

officials, heads of various na-' tional organizations and some other pretty smart individuals to debate through its columns.

Sunday; for instance, the Post could count a congressman, a senator and two executive directors among its letter contributors.

E. Y. Berry, congressman from the second district of South Dakota was rather terse. Referring to the Drew Pearson column in Your March 29 edition, I am not now and never have been' a member of the John Birch Society, he said. That Was all.

Sen. J. W. Fulbright, chairman of the Senate committee on Foreign Affairs, had a more complicated bone to pick. The senator was concerned about editorials, apparently based on Roscoe Drummond columns, which, Fulbright .said, indi--'pflied the ratio of Democratic staff members to Republican staff members in the Senate was 13 to L

Furthermore, the senator continued, Drummond in one of his Qolumns stated that the ratio of Democrats to Republicans on the staff of the Committee on Foreign Relations was 28 to 0.

As far as I am concerned, the 28 to 0 may be right; but it may be there are 28 Republicans and zero Democrats;

I simply do not know, Fulbright stated.

The ,Post answered, The

,:diLQrj^,.ms mtendfid- .Q TfmoWffif - wgaiiKatlOfif- ,.^ast any reflection on the staff

of the Foreign Relations Com-

In Greenville have signed endorsement to our action: Optimists Club, Greenville Womans Club, American Legion Post No. 39. Boy Scouts of America, Pitt District. Rotary Club. Civitan Club, American Legion Auxiliary, Greenvle Service League, Exchange Clubi Junior Chamber of Commerce, Kiwanis Club, Lions Club, Greenville Ministerial A.ssn., United Church Women, Business and Professional Womens Club. Loyal Order of Moose, Credit Womens Breakfast Club, Pitt County Safety Council.

When the ovmers of news-* stands were approached concerning the removal of obscene literature from their stands, most of them complied willingly. a few agreed to stop carrying the material, but failed to do so. and one refused absolutely. 7

We want to takl this opportunity to thank publicly those organizations which endorsed opr movement and the dealers V ho have taken positive action in removing this objectionable literature from their stands.

However, our drive torid all local' n#w.s.stands SOtofTpornographicmaterial w^ continue. On Thursday. April the 5th, (Continued on page six)

mittee, and it should have noted that Foreign Relations and some others are notable exceptions to the partlsaii, staffing that has come under criticism recently.

There were also letters from the executive director of the trhiled States Committee of the Dag Hammarskjold Foundation and from the executive director of the Council of Churches, Jiational Capital Area.

Correspondence from persons of such stature would lighten the heart of any editorial page editor by assuring the readership of his letters column.

By tlEORGE E. SOKOLSlfr Copyright, 1962, King Featurea ' Syndicate, Inc..

Roger C. Dunn, who for a number of years has been surveying and analyzing the American electorate, holds that: No national party has championed the traditional constitutional concept of American government for over twenty years.* He also holds that: Under the gilded banners of llber^, me-too and modem, the American people hav^been led far Into a welfare-socialist state.* His view Is that the conservatives have failed because they have, in effect, been unable to state their case; that is. the case for traditional Constitutional government.

I fear that Dunn over-simplifies his problem,-for to state it accurately and with some relationship to the realities of ie current situation, he must define how he would apply his conqept of the American Constitutional government to the manufacture and cost of the rockets and the social consequences of unemployment.

The climatic shift in the American view of government occurred in 1929, but it had been in the rpaking prior to that since the Civil War.

Had William Jennings Bryan and the Populist Party won In 18%, many of the sharp changes which subsequently occurred would undoubtedly have started. And Mark Hanna, who managed our government during the two McKinley Administrations, might have found himself in major difficulties were it not for the invention of a chemical means for increasing the gold supply, producing an unusual prosperity. Nevertheless there were strikes and a demand for an eight-hour day and a full dinner pail in the 1900 campaign.

It was World War. I whlcn forced upon this country startling changes because it was essential,. if we went to war at all, for the government to expand its controls over the economy and the people. The war did not last long aijd many of the controls were swiftly liquidated, but the pattern of governmental expansion of power remaiped. The control over the flow of money through the Federal Reserve System and the habit of subsidizing industry for proper performance of government contracts**prt)vlded a pattern from which we have nol moved far. World War II nearly turned us into a fascist state.

What can be said Is that eo-onomlc depression and war are largely responsible for changes in the attitude of the American people toward government. The politicians, in or out of office, can only deal with what they have before them. They are technicians. They are required by their positions to balance one immediate problem against another immediate problem. A public official is a prisoner of the pressures of current events. He may labor like Sisyphus to relieve himself of pressures, but tn a f^e country, he W1 never succeed.

Other factors for change In this country have been the In-

cities, the change over from rural to upban occupations, the granting of>i>olltical equality to women, the increased organlza-'tion of labor, the movement of Negroes from South to North and many silnllar reasons.

The tw'o-party system wifi collapse, it l- true, unless the Republicans cease to be a mere vehicle for electing candidates and produce some beliefs and ideals. The 1960 Platform of the Republican Party is an absurd document, prepared without any relationship to the historic Ideali of the partyteand with no forward look. Richard Nixon had a wonderful opi?ortunlty to produce an exciting leadership but he was apparently talked out of it by his associates or by his impossible position, for If he spoke frankly, he would have

-

Editors would even appreciate such gerns as came from,,, haTVTrice Presldra^^^ a man iij,^ Arlington who re- senhower, which he obviously

ported he had read Washington Scenes by George Dixon in the Post. He quoted Dixon as saying the secretary of state outranks the attorney general.

The Arlington letter went on: If theres any thing I appreciate in a newspaper, what with all the gloomy news,, is humor. Please tell Mr. Dixon to keep up this funny type of writing. . He-^ could write a humor column if he had* many more items like this.

could not do. It was not until Barry Goldwater took hold that the Republican Party generated ideas which could be historically its own and then a conservative movement got rolling.

The Republicans have not absorbed the conservatives nor have the conservatives managed to produce any outstanding leadership other than Goldwater-thus far. It Is not so much bloc voting that is damaging the Republican Party, it is Its Inabili-(Continued on page, six) v

3eveloDments WortHv Of Note

Mrenath^ J- or 1 odav

" .. , . . . rit-pi'fp ; VVbkorth stores report they 60,(H)0 tons.

'or tfiis 1. also a fearful source of ex-.. has

minor., ' ^ minute last year. The' losing trade, it is now of-

Ry EARI7L. DOUGLAS.S LOOK I P

Im tired. I could hardly crawl ou of i)ed this morning. Every evening when I get home I am ready to flop down into a chair and .stay there until bedtime."

.sort often. Modem authorities tend to emphasize the fact that the ispeed at whfch we live produces tension and therefore exhausts multitudes of people who would not be experiencing such exhaustion if they lived under other conditions. But ;^ne who can remember, the farm

days, when hu.sband anfi wife arose at dawn and worked con- linuously until siinset. .smlle.s at the hardne.ss of these present times. They would appear to be e^sy- - almost debilitatingly so.

comes from boredom. The most unhappy, oeople in the world are the ones who have the least respon.sibility. It is also true that there an thousands of people today who wear themselves out just rushing about not doing

By FJ.MER ROESSNEH

Here are new ddvelopmenls of minor significance that should noi bo overlookecL by, busine.ss:

Con.sti uc'tion costs have begun to rise and will go liigher. En-jdneering New.s-Re,co!(i reports.

Eiectronic sloctis ..--iiow definite .signs of de\ eloping n e w strength. Goodbody & Co. says.

The number of color TV sets rose from 400,0(K) to 170,000 -in

that lamb flavor is conveyed in the fat. Isolation of the flavor carbonyls may lead to ways to make Iamb more pleasing to average tastes.

The answer to the automation problem is more autopiation. Kenneth D. Ca.ssidy, Ford vice president, told a manufacturers meeting. Automation creates jobs and more automation creates more jobs, he said.

%

.Gibraltar, Belgium and Uruguay. Large amounts were bought for tran.s.shipm?nt.

Finnish buyfers want more American beef livem If the gov-eniment there will ease import restrictions.

For the first time since the war. a, Japanese firm haS contracted to- supply Communist China with heavy shipping oil. Kanematsu Trading has sold

has risen $1,768 In price In th last five years, and $707 of thli is for the rise In land values, House & Home reports.

Argentina, once the great supplier of beef to the world, is now permitting imports of Ame-lican cattle and sheep if disease-free.

Listing in ph(Mie bo^* yellow pages has increased 40 per cent ' in the last two years. One factor,: a nation-wide single c(m-

haiistion. A problem .stabs down through OU brains, and no matter what we do. where we go. or with -whom we associate, that problem and lt grim overtones is continually with us. The result Is exhaustion.

And then we must alway.s-face the fact that many people are tired because of gro.ss or unwise eating habits.

Lift up the eyes of hope. Lift up the mind In aspiration Lift lip the heart in pta.ver. Then .shall We "know life as Gud in-

^ KM* iHlclli vv 4. IMI17W 11J\.

..;Er^eJEa day. exhai^sUon aft-en \ tended us to live it.

Tnadiated potatoes. W'hich will not sprout, will be put on the marke. in Canada this summer. They may prevnt huge wa.stage. FINK .SKILLS FADINC;

There are only 2.5(KI skilled persons left in t-fie leweled watchmaking business and un-'e .something is done, the country will lack preci.sinn skills irf eCenl of war. General Omar N. Brrdle.v warned,Congress. He Is chairman of Biilova Watch.

Govcitiment rcsrch shows

incessant demand may be why cigartitte stands, bars, candy stores aftd bowling alleys ..now sto^k nylons.

More than 600.(KX) families will buy second cars this year, C. I T. Financial estimate^- No guesses yet on 'the number of three-car families. . l .^. .SMiJKK FILLS WORLD

Ainerlcan exports of cigarett cs rose 10.5 per cent last year. Hong Kong and France were the chief customers, followed by

fering one-day free tours of the countryside to Americans who stop over. Many jet planes give Shannon a fly-by.

BRITISH BUY U.S.

SAUSAGES

The British Board of Trade i.s now permitting the import of fully qoked pork sausage links, Vienna .sausages, brown ^-n serve sau.sage.s. wieners, calmed lima beans and smoked ham from the Unitecf States.^.

The typical FHA-hisured home

HIGHER, LOWER ^AME PRICES All ILLEGAL

James A. Rahl, professor lUid lawyer, speaking of antl-tnlst' laws, told the National Industrial Conference Board:

Considered abstractly, It. . . sometimes iseems that to obtain complete antitrust safety a businessmans price must be neither higher nor lower than those of dthers, but also must never betithe same as dthers. Hq conceded that the law is never enforci^ to thi^ iimil.