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Monday, March 5, 1962

Move To Put Soviet On Defensive

President Kennedy's decision to order further American nuclear tests in the atmosphere, and his challenge to the Soviets to forestall the tests by signing a realistic agreement banning nuclear testing, evidences a new thrust of U.S. initiative in international affairs.

These simultaneous, decisive moves by the President place the Soviets on the defensive to respond to the new U.S. assertions. It was made amply clear by Mr. Kennedy that the United States is not willing to sit idly by and allow the Soviets to gam nuclear superiority.

The two major points, we believe, have the support of the American people and likewise the people of other free nations throughout the world.

There is likewise reason to believe that the majority of other nations of the worldwhile.they may not , _

like the idea bf a new series of nuclear test^w'ill

agree with the logical reasoning behind the U.S. de- IXUllwlXWil ^

cisin. The President was careful to explain the ^ T . n T_T*_

importance of the tests in assuring continued U.S. Qqjj QZq JUSt bO HlQH

superiority in the field of nuclear development. He ^

likewise provided a means by which the tests could be eliminated if the Soviets would join in an agreement to guarantee a ban on future nuclear tests,

It will likewise be surprising if the Soviete agree to a ban on nuclear tests with sufficient guarantees to make the agreement realistic. Yet, the Presidents statement squarely places the burden of proof of good faith on the Soviets to act now in keeping wdth their previous assertions that they do not want further nuclear tests by either the East or West

The Presidents statement, in our opinion, was the most effective and most forceful assertion on a major point of international policy to be issued by the present administration. It placed all the cards on the table in a focthright manner for all the world to see.

It stated the American position in terms which cannot be misunderstood.

Soriy to Disappoint You, Chairman

-BUT a$. RADIO M AfOrSMm AN\ERIKAN$^1 SPACENVEN AWE COIYiMUNI^TS!

How high can a c^ling be pushed without making a structure top-hea'*^'^

It wrould be surprising if the Soviets do not attempt to tie a new propaganda campaign to the announcement that the United States will conduct a new series of nuclear tests in the atmosphere.

Sensitive Over Ramo Decision

By LYNN NISBET RAMPING ON THE RAMP ^vemoT Sanford devoted a food part of an overlong news conference this week to discussion of the proposed ramp to be built at the Hayes Corpora-tioa's Weeksville plant and to (tefending his decisi(Hi to build tt as a matter of policy. In re-sp(xi8e to a question from another reporter about the matter, the Governor launched a caustic crttidsm of TV Channel 8, whose news director, Bill ArmrtroQg. featured his newscast the other day with a story about the difficulty experienced in getting facts on the deal. He qu^ed Chairman E^rans of the highway commission as say-ing an of $150,000 fOF

the project was made on February 12, and then quoted the Governor as saying at his news conference on February 22 that he did now know where the money to build the ramp would come from. He further said he had been referred from one office to another throughout his efforts to get the story.

The Governor explained that an allocation from the highway surplus fund had been tentatively made as a guarantee to the company in its negrotlatlons with the navy, but he did not think the money would be used. He said for the week or more delicate negotiations have been in progress among the State, the army engineers, the navy and the corporation and that detailed publicity earlier would have queered the whole project. There is no questi(m of legality Involved, he said, but wily a question of policy, whether it would be a wise use of money. Faced with probability of losing the plant, which area soreb^ needs, Governor Sanford said he decided it would be good policy to build the ramp.

SENS^^VE^The Governors explanation of his thinking and acttons appeared logical justification of the project. The vigor with which he defended his po-sitkm indicated that the criticism had gotten under his skin. He said he had about three years more in the Governors (tice and he has no plans to steal the captol or to haul off the silver and china from the mansion.

public schools. He feels sure the State cannot meet that goal in one year or two, but said it is the duty of UFE to set the goal at what they believe It shmild be. and then ask the people to provide as much of it as possible. He reiterated what he has said many times that mwiey is not the sole answer to the school problem. For that reason is not so much concerned about meeting national averages on per pupil spending. He noted that New York aty has just about the same number of public school pupils as North Carolina. The NY budget is double the NC amount, and the Governor doubts seriously that the schools are any better. More important than money is a sense of dedicaon and responsibility on part of professlonad school people, parents and pupils. The State of North Carolina is doing proportionately more for schools than any other State, and Is approaching the limit of its capacity. That means greater effort on part of local government and Individuals.

PORTS-The State ports at Morehead City and Wilmington mean so much to the future development of North Carolina, we cannot afford to wait longer to improve them, the Governor said. His administration Is now toward placing the ports virtually on a self-supporting basis. Noting that this pohcy has both good and bad features, the Governor said serious study was being made of the proposal to issue revenue bonds. He reminded newsmen that the act setting up the ports authority provided for this contingency, and added that this method of financing Is as good as the port of London.

SCHOOLSHe said he would not comment in detail now on the United Forces for Education plan announced last week calling for an additional spending of $45 million a year on

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The ink is h Hy Bry on legislative action boosting the legal t on the nations debt to $300 billionan increase of $2 billionand already work has started on another measure that will bring about a new and higher ceiling by the end of the current fiscal year.

Senate action last week upped temporarlly the national debt limit by $2 billion in accordance with a presidential request that also sai(i Congress would be asked to add another $8 billion to the debt limit by June 30.

As has been the case with most other temporary additions to the ceiling on the national debt, there is every reason to believe this latest addition will become more a permanent paiH; of the fiscal structure of the government than a temporary addition. The same will apply to another $8 billion temporary hike to the debt limit if Congress goes along with the Presidents request for additional action on the matter by the end of the current fiscal year.

Before Congress pushes the national debt ceiling any higher, it should take a careful look at the foundation and the other segments of the structure to make sure the new ceilings havent made it top-heavy. Some of the nations leading financial architects already assertapparently with good reason the ceiling already is making the entire structure unsound.

Slower Growth O Labor Force

By GEORGE SC)KOLSKY

Failure Can Ruin

ta

PLATFORM Selection of Arch T. Allen of Raleigh to be chairman of the State Department platform committee offers further proof that the platform will not be extreme with respect to conservative or liberal interpretations. Before the executive committee meeting when the platform builders were selected from the congressional districts there had been expressions of fear it might be written so as to put North Carolina more definitely on the liberal side than the average citizens want. Membership of the committee and now designation of the chairman dispel any fears along that line.

By RALPH ROBEY

Everyone knows that the total population of this country increases week by week, month by month, and year by year. The rate of growth varies, but it is persistent. It appears reasonable to assume, therefore, that our labor force necessarily would grow by about the same proportion.

But this assumption is not correct. There is a relationship betw'een population increase and labor force growth, but it is far from fixed or even approximately steady.

Only about 40 percent of our population is in the labor force at all. even in June and July when the total is the largest of the year. Between the high and low of the year there is now a difference of about 4 million. But from year to year the growth varies widely* For example from 1955 to 1956 the increase was 1.7 million -and 1957 .showed a growth of only 400,000 over 1956.

The labor force figure includes the armed forces. In addition we have a civilian labor force tabulation, and this is the one against which the percentage of unemployment is calculated. From this point of view it is the really important figure.

This deserves emphasis because in January of this year the civilian labor force was 100.000 below January 1961. That is an amazing development, and doubly so since last . March the total was 13 million above March I960-

Among those who work extensively in this field this decline is to be accounted for by the following;

First, the calling up of reserves by the military reduced the civilian labor force by almost an equal number. This means simply that the re.serv-ists were in the civilian labor force, and mo.st of them had jobs.

Secohd .the first .session of the present Congress amended the Social Security Act to enable men to retire at 62. A surprising number of men lave elected to take advantage of this early retirement, and almost all of them have

left the civilism labor force.

Third, fewer women entered the labor force than is normally expected. No one knows why this was so, but the statistics leave no doubt that this is \yhat happened. No one knows, either, whether this is the start of a new trend, or a short-term aberration.

Fourth, the labor force figures and the data on the civilian labor force are estimated from, a scientifically selected sample, and this makes monthly comparisons rather" dubious. The Department of Labor prefers to use quarterly comparisons, and says specifically that such figures are more reliable than data for specific months. This does not mean that there is carelessness in the compilation of the figures. There is not. But in any calculation of this magnitude it is desirable, if possible, to allow for errors to average out. When the February figure on the civilian labor force appears we probably shall find that it shows an increase over January.

As mentioned earlier it is the civilian labor force against which the rat of unemployment is calculated. Had we got the normal, or expected, increase over the past twelve months the rate of unemployment would have declined slightly more than It did, granting the number of persons without jobs did not change. Actually, of course, it is probable that the number of out-of-work would have Increased by approximately the additions to the labor force.

Ooinions

'n Brief

Writing a column is serious business because s i x months later you have your statements staring you in the face in a black-and-white record. Listeners forget what you i=iaid on radio and tv. Eric Sevareid.

Copyright, 1962, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

When one receives as large a mail response as I do, the readers are speaking their minds and what they say is important. Sometimes when I quote from correspondents letters. they express annoyance that I do not give them in full, they not realizing that when they debate they must leave room for the other side, meaning me.

A. Robert Groenke, Jr.. of Cincinnati, takes me to task on several points worth discussing.

First, he raises the point;

Now. . .you say that Russia does not intend to destroy the capitalist world by force and violence. You do not specify this strategy as being applied only by the present leadership of Russia ...

The use of the term, force and violence. so general in this country to fit antiquated laws.

Is, In my opinion, misleading. In the historic struggle, now affecting the entire world, which Involves both a Communist Rev-oluti(m and the erection of a Soviet Universal State, it is more correct to say that any means, Including force and violence, will be employed by all sides to achieve their goals. Soviet Russia has, up to the present, been more skillful In employing propaganda, infiltration. Machiavellian diplomacy than Its opponents. In the use of spies and Fifth Columnists, Soviet Russia has done well.

Again Groenke asks with regard to the internecine quarrel within the Soviet Universal State;

Perhaps It Is based upon the fact that disagreement exists between Mr. K and the Chi-nese-Albanian group. However, isnt it possible this is mostly a sham designed to confuse the Western world?

Other Editors Saying... That Sickening Feeling

(The Henderson Dispatch)

When there is pause to consider the surge of crime, however minor. In this and other communities there comes a sickening feeling deep down in the stomach. Accomp>anying it is frustration as to the cause and the remedy.

Break-ins, thefts, vandalism, false fire alarms and the like are not restricted to juveniles and adolescents, though most of it seems to be.

The explanation lies in a lapse of parental care and direction somewhere down the short years of these youthful offenders. But that conclusion offers with it nothing to guarantee a remedy or a cure. The preventive is less difficult to envision, but there arises the brick wall of the indifference of elders who, at least in the earlier years, were responsible for proper training of their off-spring, and which was neglected.

Where does the Christian church fit into the picture? Is it striking at the root of the trouble by bringing within its influence these offending youngsters and before them their parents? What indeed is the church doing toward that end? The Christian religion, to be sure, has not failed, for it has not been given adequate trial, since its communicants draw their garments tightly about them In smugness and In an air of semi-indifference beyond me and mine. So

thousands of boys and girls across the land are growing into adulthood without the teachings which, if given, accepted and practiced, could eliminate these evils of society.

No capital offenses have been charged against those caught within the meshes of the law, except in very rare instances. But minor crime, left to Its logical course, could so easily lead to such excesses.

What has been happening here and elsewhere is a condition which should cause far more than lifting of eyebrows. There ought to be a lot of honest - to - goodness soul-searching to find the remedy and apply it. A large percentage of the cost of civil government could be eliminated if petty crimes tlieir kindred and ultimate results were removed from society. While this is well known, it does not supply the answer to trends of boldness and irresponsibility where these evils exist, for they do exist as everyone must recognize.

When citizens become conscious of the menace to their own future and well-being they will do more than talk or grieve. They will do, or attempt to do, something tangible and effective toward higher standards of conduct and better living, spiritually, morally and even physically. Here, then, is the problem; here is the remedy. Who will apply it, and when and where and how?

Differences among Communists have been continuous since the first meeting in London 1^. There has been no period smce 1917, when the Bolshevik Revolution was successful, that the party was not tom by vast differences of position. Lenin managed to hold the Bolsheviks together for a time.but upon his death the differences sharpened; Trotzky was driven into exile; Stalin established a personal dictatorship and steadily kiUed off Right and Left De-vlationists until all but a few old Bolsheviks remained. What Stalin sought to prevent was the crumbling of the Revolution by private opinion, by what In this country, we hold to be sacred the provisions of the First Amendment of the Constitution.

Having no faith in either the Bolsheviks or the Russian people, Stalin set up a monolithic state in which differences of opinion could not be tolerated. Khrushchev has -neither the prestige nor the power to maintain this monolithic state. He himself, attacked the cult of personality.

The Chinese-Albanian deviation is very different from that of Tito and neither is a sham. Tito believes in national Communism, an idea originally advocated by Earl Browder as applying to the United States. In a word, what In the 16th Century appeared as the nationalistic revolt among Christian nations, leading to the establishment of numerous state churches, is happening in the Soviet Universal State, viz; that while all Communists respect Marxism, many wish to manage their own Communist affairs.

The Chinese Communists want that and more, too. They want to manage their own affairs and also have a senior voice in the Soviet Universal State. Originally, the Chinese Communists w'ere Trotzkyists and were influenced by Karl Radek whom Stalin undoubtedly had killed, Mao Tzetung and his associate, Chu Teh, were given power by Stalin. Thus, there is an intellectual loyalty to Lenin and a political loyalty to Stalin. But there is no basis for loyalty to Khrushchev. In fact, Mao Tzetung, who Is a philosopher, must regard Khrushchev as a yokel.

There Is no sham in their differences but we would, Indeed, be a stupid people if we believed that in a war, these differences would count for very much. For to a Communist the ultimate enemy must be the survival of capitalism as a meaningful economic and social system anywhere and for them, the worst example of such a survival Is the United States (Continued on page five)

Risking

Future

Slump

By ROGER BABSON BABSON PARK. MasaTh United States will probably suffer from another business depression. But it will not be like that of the Thirties. The President and Congress are willing to risk breaking the nations credit rather than risk a year of serious unemployment.

We will see a ra^ of failures; but the smart bojrs in Washington may not let them be called -iallurts. They will be listed as consolidations or mergers or go-"ing out of business. We will not see the unemployed selling apples on the street; but we may see apples given away to all who call for them. It will be known as the great 'give-away era. The 8-hour -day may temporarily be cut -to a 2-hour day.

The legislation that President Kennedy now wants to help the aged and the 111 will F then quickly be enacted. The Z government will subsidize small business as it now does the farmers. We will be approaching socialism; but under some new name.

WHAT ABOUT THE STOCK MARKET?

Ah? this is something different. For over 60 years I have studied the stock market. Hence, now I will discuss what I know something about!

I am a statistician, not a poli- - tician. Let me start by saying that over 7,000,000 (secen billion) shares of common stock are listed on the New York -Stock Exchange and less than one billion more on the Ame- " rican Exchange. Ninety per cent of the latter are of small speculative companies which we will not now count. None * of the latter affect the Dow- ' Jones Industrial Average. Of the above-mentioned shares I -will estimate approximately how many share are tied up and how many are free to break quickly In a crash,

SHARES

Totals ....... 7,000,000,000

The New York Stock Exchange has over 1300 members. Of these 680 are Banking Firms In active business. These should have an average 500,000 owned by customers.

All these figures are

estimates ......... 340,000,000

Mutual Funds ..... 10,000,000

Banks, Insurance Companies, Labor Unions, and closed-end Investment

Trusts ............. 10,000,000

Shares held abroad

or in trust .......... 1,000,000

Private Investors with Certificates In their Sofe-Deposit Boxes (5,000,000 persons averaging 200

shares) ......... 1,000,000,000

Speculators holding their shares outright ............ 1,000,000,000

Certificates of deceased or sick persons which are not good delivery ........... 1,000,000,000

Estimated Total 3.361,000.000 ANALYZING THIS SEVEN-BILLION FIGURE Now let us form an estimate another way. Of these 7 zillion shares about 3,500,000 are traded 5 days a week, or say 260 days each yar (3.500,000 X 260) or about one billion shares in a year.

When we consider that for every seller there must be a buyer, and that the specialists cannot allow the sales to be quoted at too much of a spread, this is another brake on the sale.s. This is of Itself a curb on a panic crash and is now being carefully watched by the SEC. Furthermore, if we take these 7 billion shares, less the deductions, and adjust same to the stock splits, stock dividends, number of population, assessment of real property, gross national product, and value of .the dollar, these figures would be severely changed. The final result, however, would show that the percentages would not be materially changed.

POWER OF COMPOUND INTEREST Now to my conclusion: The percentage of deductions Indicates th^ possible percentage of cushions or curbs to any eventual crash, including (Continued on page five)

For Women Supervising Men

Strength For Today

By EARL L. I)01T.I..VS.S

THE REAJ.Y BIG I.IFE

Are you a weeper and a hand-wringer? If so. evei-ybody ought to be .sorry ior you and you ought to be .sorry for your self. Tears have a place in life. There are times when indeed we wring our hands in fiiistra-tlon. agony, or real sorrow. J(jt there are some people who go through life weeping on shoulders if they can find them or weeping without shoulders if they cannot. They wring their hands every day. Despair, fm.s-tration, and the blowing of their tops happen almo.st as often a.s every hour on the hour.

There are a lot of u.s who Just plain need to get hold of ourselves. Maybe we throw cur weight around. Maybe we talk to

much. Maybe we gos.sip. Maybe w e weep and shriek and carry on. If .so. we are causing a lot of people in the world unhappiness. The divorce courts are clogged with ca.ses of people who have no real grievance agaliLst each other but who appear to have fallen into the habit of going wild frequently. Problems which are large and overwhelming only arise a few times in the life of most dividuals, but we are continually torn apart by the rigor r little things. When we should reflect. we rant. When we should coptrol ourselves, we wring our hands and weep.

Tribulation is too significant and .sacred thus to be treated Control in little things means triumph in the living of a big life.

By EI.MER ROESSNER

Rules by which women can supervl.se men in business have been drawn up by Maude A. Hudson, city supervisor of the distributive education service of the. Norfolk. Va.. city schools.

Professor Eleanor Casebier. of Northern Illinois University, recently drew up 22 rules on how to handle women employees. Her rules were circulated by the Small Bu.slne.ss Administration.

Prof. Caseblers rules Including, Try to understand why women employees act as they do.> provoked Mrs, Hudson Into drawing up an equal number of rules for women bosses. The fact that Mrs. Hudson had Just finished a busy week supervising men only gave some point to her work.

RUl.ES FOR LADY BOSSES

Here are the more Important of Mrs. Hud.sons rules:

Theres no rhyme nor reason for male employees behavior. so dont try to understand them.

Dont bother with the wellbeing of your male employee.

A sincere Interest In him may prove fatal.

The less you know about your male employees and their Interests the better off you'll be. They have too many peculiarities anyway.

If you listen to more than one side when settling disagreements among male employees, it will just confuse you. Why lay yourself open to confusion? LET THEM KNOW Let them knmT when youre fit to be tied. Theyre so un-perceptlve that theyll never know the difference.s unless you come right out and tell them. And, of course, your bad moods, provided youve told them about them, make them co-operative and pleasant. f Bluff at every chance you get. Male employees dont want straight answers and couldnt help you solve the problems anyway. Arent you being paid to do the thinking?

In teaching men. tell them ab.solutely nothing except the end results you expect. Under " no circumstances must you explain, demonstrate, observe.

check and repeat as It would only confuse them.

GUARD THAT JOB

Squelch any initiative In the male worker. He might get your Job!

Unless you want a man to get more conceited (heaven forbid), never praise him before others.

Develop a well-rounded spy system to supplement your own spooplng. Men know doggone well you shouldnt trust them. They dont even trust themselves.

There were more rules. Mrs. Hudson, of course, was parodying Prof. Casebier. Of course she was! Of course!

Of course!

CONGRESSMAN SHAKES TREE FOR FAT COPYRIGHT PLUM

Congressman Emanuel Celler (D.. .Y.) Is pushing a resolution that would extend the royalty protection of expiring copyrights on music, play.", books, etc., until Dec. ^1. 1967. This, he argues would give Congress finia Ut oomplete reyisions on

the Copyright Act of 1909.

It would also be a windfall to publishers, authors, composers ad other copyright holders, adding many millions of dollars to their potential royalties. If the resolution Is not vot-' ed. a vast amount of literary and musical work will become property In the next few years.

THE MORAL IS

WELL, WHAT IS IT?

It is possible for a man to get an income-tax deduction for his mother-in-law but not his wife, Prentlce-Hall reports.

One Daniels got a quickie Mexican divorce and manrtod a second wife, bringing her mother into the household. His first wife had the divorce declared void.

When Daniels tax affairs w'ould up in court, the' court ruled that he could claim no deduction for his second wife because she was not legally his mate. But it granted a deduction for her mother, because he ' supported her for the entire year. (Buckley, 37 TC Bo. 65.)