Tuesday, February 27, 1962

Educators Alone Cant Solve It

Educators alone in North Carolina cannot solve immediately ahead, the approaching crisis they see in higher education It is not the educators, but rather the citizens in the state. It will take the efforts of the educators, of the st^te as a whole who have most to gain state officitfls and the citizens of North Carolina through meeting successfully the needs of higher if the,crisis is to be met and successfully dealt with, education in the state. If those needs are not met President William^Friday of the Greater Uni- it will be the citizens as a whole, not the educators versity, speaking before the Boand of Trustees of of the state, who will uffer the greatest loss, that' institution, has asserted that the grow'th rate on*

of enrollment at the state-supported institutions of well-meaning citizens have the attitude

higher learning has brought the state to a cris^. Mucation at both the public school

Said President Friday: ^ college level,jyg the concern of officials of the

state and local governments and the officials and We must act now\ The young people now^*ih faculties of the" schools. To be sure, it is of primary the public schools have the right to expect that a concern to these officials and educators. But in the place will be made for them. There is a great task .final analysis, these officials and educators can do at hand. relatively little to meet the needs at the public

While some citizens may jump to the mistaken people as a whole

lusion that the pHiiratnr kavp mnot tn ron concern themselves with meeting these needs.

Telefonica for the Peasants

conclusion that the educators have most to gain in North Carolinas meeting its crisis in higher

If North Carolinians as a whole take a passive

education, such is not the case. Capable educators attitude toward meeting the crisis in higher educa-are in great demand throughout the country. Jf tion that President Friday has pointed to, it is en-they elected to do so, the capable educators North tirely probable that the crisis will not be effectively Carolina has could move elsewhere rather than met, and that our colleges and our young people who battling here to overcome the crisis which looms desire the, benefits of a college education will suffer.

In turn the state as a whole will likewise suffer the consequences of inadequate higher education facilities to meet the needs of its young people.

If, on the other hand, the people as a whole evidence their concern for the crisis facing higher education in the state, and move to meet the crisis, we may be sure that a solution will be found before it is too late. We may be sure that capable young

...... . tt'camot be conducted where college education-in the years

BOOSTER ROADS The there is general public access anead w'lll find there is room for them in a college

u,. >iorth Carolina.

Citizens of the state as a whole will gain or lose, depending upon the course they choose to follow in the face of the crisis in higher education in North Carolina.

No Satisfying Answer Founc.

By LYNN NISBET

Question ci just how far the State or any municipality should to In spending public money for access roads, water lines, etc., for industrial plants has been debated for many years and no satisfat^ry answer has been found. Experiences of Raleigh. Statesville and other municipalities which extended water lines far beyond city limits for what at the time seemed a special favor to big business, have provai the wisdon of the policy. Developments in the areas around the new plants has more than repaM the initial cost.

The State now is faced with a slightly more than usual aggravating phase of this problem at two proposed tnstalla-tl(s in the nortlast. There was great rejoicing a few weeks ago when it was announced that the Hayes Corporation would establish a military plane rebuilding plant (XI the site of the old navy airbase at Weeks\iUe In Pasquotank county. The State highway , commission readily promised to build an access road. Later it developed that the type of road necessary to hold up the excessively heavy equipment would be entirely too expensive to construct and maintain. Faced with danger of losing the plant unless access could be provided, the State is now trying to work out a plan for building a ramp from the water to the factory yard. Can highway funds legally be used for tils type construction? Governor Sanford thinks so and is proceeding with that objective in mind, un(ter terms of a general clause in the highway act providing for service to related air facilities.** Highway funds were used several years ago for construction of a landing strip on lower Ratteras Idand, mainly fw the convenience of visiting fishermen. There were some objection voiced, but no formal prated.

OOROILA Another and slightly (ttfferent problem arises in connection with proposed establishment by the Atlantic Research CorporatlcHi of a sort of secret-operations labcn*atory at Corolla on the outer banka across Currituck Sound. Again a prime c<msideratlon is an access road. The State rather glibly promised such a road frtan the village of Du(* northward to the plant.

The site of the proposed la-boratwy is right on the line of the long proposed highway connecting Virginia Beach and Nags Head. At first this looked an opportunity to make a real start on that road. Some kinks have developed.

The research corporatkm insists that its work is so secret

or passing by. The company wants a road from Duck to Corolla, period, and over which it would have considerable control of traffic. The C&D Department and the Governors office are inclined to go along with that idea. They have worked long and hard to get the plant to accept that locatltm, and they contend the State should cooperate to help It get started.

Highway Chairman Merrill Evans has little enthusiasm for any dead end privatelj' criitroll-ed access road. He says if the State Is going to spend that much taxpayers money for a highway everjbody should have equal and free use of It.

The .two projects, at Weeks-ville and" CoroDa, are estimated at atxxit three quarters of a mlUl(Mi dollars. They would be of immediate benefit to the business corporations operating the plants. Butthey would bring many thoiLsands of dollars of payroll money into North Carolina and the whole state benefits from the enhanced economy of any area.

TRAFFIC Not closely anal-

Fuoiic

^ 00 3 BOYLE

A Scorecard

Our Middle-Aged Hero

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) - Some of It is tricky, some of it Is propaganda, and some of it seeins to make no sense.

You need a scorecard to follow the Russian maneuvers the soft and tough on disarmament, nuclear testing, sum-mitrj% Berlin and the exchange of spies and relatives.

Premier Khrushchev's latest cali for a summit, and President Kennedy's rejection of it

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publisher

Entered at Post Office, Greenville, N. C., as second cIms mail matter.

ogous but hacine sume of the '

in a mishmash of events.

If a whole series of friendly gestures had been followed by harsh ones, they could be Usted separately and an obvious conclusion drawn: That Khrushchev had switched his tac-tfcs:"

But theyre nc^ separate. Theyre so mixed up they sometimes make Khrushchev look mixed up. Take this past year.

Shortly after Kennedy took office In 1961 Khrushchev released two American RB47 bomber pilots shot down off the Russian coast In 1960. That was a friendly start.

It remained pleasant, except for some Jarring minor episodes, until June 1961, when Kennedy and Khrushchev met in Vienna and the Russian made his demands on Berlin. Then for months he built a crisis.

He climaxed it Aug. 13 by setting up a wall between East and West Berlin. Then he let the crisis dwindle, as if he felt he had established unchallenged the principle of the separation of East and West Germany, He began a crisis elsewhere. For three y ears the United States, Britain and Russia had stopped nuclear testing while they talked in Geneva about agreeing to a permanent ban on it.

Then on Sept. 1. with only one days warning, while the talks were still going on, Russia resumed testing. No nation can test suddenly. So Russia had been planning this for months.

In October, Khrushchev had a mean split with his Red Chinese allies. Whether this had something to do with what followed for months is not known, but from October until this year Khrushchev remained almost silent.

In the meantime, as a friendly gesture. In November he let his son-in-law, Alexei Adzhubel, editor of Ijrvestia, Intendew Kennedy and permitted the Interview to be published in Moscow,

same phases is the question o extending existing roads or adding new roads to the State maintenance system to serve new suburban residential areas. The tax-paid roads is a big boost for the sale of real estate by the promoter; but tba homeowner who lives there Is entlted to the same sendee accorded citizens elsewhere.

Then there Is the matter of determining whether a road should be widened or a bridge built, based on the traffic using the route. How can anyone tell? A traffic count of ten or fifteen cars a day certainly does not Justify road improvement: but who knows how many cars would use a decent road if one were built? Tte question comes back mainly to the discretionary judgment of the highway authorities, which must take into consideration the further factor of total common good beyond the direct users of the highways.

Because highways contribute so much to the total economy highway users are beginning to ask why general fund taxes should not share In the building and maintenance of public roads, Instead of the policy now in effect (rf highway revenue contributing substantially to general fund and non-highway purposes. The gasoline gallonage tax is earmarked and the designation Is pretty well respected for highway purposes. But the sales tax on automotive vehicles, tires, batteries, et cetera, goes Into the general fund.

Things looked calm but not for long. Events picked up after the flret of the year. '

Despite the Russian resumption of testing the test-ban talks continued in Geneva. For a long time Russia had demanded that these talks be merged with talks on disarmament in general.

Eighteen nations are opening talks March 14 in Geneva on general disarmament.

In January the United States and Britain agreed to the Russian demand to merge the talks. Then suddenly the Russians switched; wanted no part of it. The nuclear test-ban talks, extending over years and 353 sessions, broke up Jan. 29.

Just as this was happening, Khrushchev sent his son-in-law back to Washington to lunch

NEW YORK (API - At last the country has what J^long needed a good,,ja4ddle-aged hero.

Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr. fills the bill - perfectly.

By orbiting the earth three times last week he did more than merely lift Americas scientific prestige in the eyes of the rest of the globe.

He made every middle-aged man in the nation stand half a head taller and feel like there was a place in the world for him after all.

Yes sir, Lt, Col. Glenn of the U. S. Marines made middle age downright respectable in a land which for too long has placed too much emphasis on the value of being young.

John Glenn has been dry behind the ears for some time now. He is 40, has acquired a few wrinkles, and shows consid

erable scalp.

If two weeks ago he had sought a new job, many firms would have automatically rejected him because of his age. Many have a policy against hiring men 40 or over. Such men are regarded as too old.

Too old? At 40 John Glenn, who still conditions himself by running two nles a day, made the greatest leap into space of any American in history. He gave us all a badly needed lesson that the judgment and skill w'hich come with maturity are at least as Important as the blind self-confidence and raw courage that go with youth.

Traditionally, from Alexander the Great to Romeo, we have tended to expect our heroes in both war and love to be young men. At least those who win renown by indivlduaJ feats in

v,1th Kennedy, and Moscow in-

IS ther bailors baying. .

Or Stumble

to Russia. He declined.

On Feb. 7 Kennedy and British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan suggested the big powers could show they meant business at the March 14 disarmament talks by sending their foreign, ministers there.

Three days later, although it had been long in the works, - Khrushchev released Francis Gary Powers, the captured U2 spy plane pilot, in exchange for Col. Rudolf I. Abel, the Soviet spy captured here. Moscow itself called this a friendly Russian gesture.

The next day, Feb. 11, Khm-shchev outdid Kennedy and Mac-

lO

Serve

(Raleigh News & Observer)

There has been much talk about community colleges in North Carolina.

Also, since the failure of the bond issue proposals last fall, there has been much talk of an overcrowding in the States institutions of higher learning which could deny educational opportunity to many young men and women.

The Consolidated University, however, has shown no incli

nation to use all its existing (resources to open classroom miUan on how to start off the doors to those said tn he rlam-

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disarmament talks next month. He said they should begin with a summit meeting.

Kennedy and Macmillan turaed this down, suggesting there could be a summit meeting if East and West representatives at Geneva made some progress.

Last week, in hurt tones, Khrushchev fired back another bid for a summit. Sunday Kennedy released his reply to this, saying what he had said before, but still leaving the door open to a summit.

Meanwhile things were getting mixed up again. Russian fighters had started annoying Western planes using the Berlin air corridors. And, once again, Russia switched and agreed to the Idea of merging test-ban talks with disarmament talks.

But Russia made all the talks look a little ridiculous by stating beforehand that they wouldnt agree to an inspection system befohe there was disarmament, which Is just the opposite of what the United States says it wants.

doors to those said to be clamoring for admission. It could do this without great cost if it made its units at Greensboro and Raleigh true community colleges as has been done in the case of the central unit at Chapel Hill.

No one would propose, of course, that dormitories for men be built in the Greensboro unit like the great array of dormitories for women at Chapel Hill which has grown with the steady reduction of barriers against co-eds there. Men could, however, )>e admitted as day students in Greensboro where no community college now exists. And without great expansion of staff or facilities young menand womenshould be able to seek a basic college degree in general studies at State College.

There can be no question that the community college system is growing in public favor. Such a system would be cheaper for both the State and the students than a small number of State institutions to

W'hich students have to go and w'here provisions must be provided for their living as well as their instruction. And young people in Raleigh and Greensboro will certainly demand such opportunities as community colleges are provided in Charlotte, Wilmington and other towns. As a state institution East Carolina College has faced this need and met it for hundredsmaybe thousandsof young people in the area around it.

The Womans College at Greensboro today provides at a high standard all the courses a community college should provide. But its doors are tightly closed to men while those at Chapel Hill are opened wider and wider to women. State College already has employed the teaching staff Which could provide general education leading to a basic undergraduate degree. But it remains a collection of specialized schools not really even trying to become a coordinated institution of higher learning.

The community colleges are comingand they wlll be coming in Raleigh and Greensboro as we as in other towns. The Consolidated University has recogmzed that in an expansive way so far as the chapel Hill community is concerned. If it does not recognize it In the two other units, It can expect to see community colleges growing in those cities at greater expense to the State and probable loss of appropriations to the Consolidated University.

action.

Even Thomas Stonewall Jackson, one of the most admired leaders of the Civil War, was dead at 39.

Sgt. Alvin C. Yoric. the most publicized hero of the first World War, was a young man. In the second World War, Audic Murphy had wot about every combat medal in the books before he old enough to vote.

Perhaps because we still think of ourselves as a young people, the accent on youth has been Eilmost as pronounced in peace as in war in this country. We have blindly venerated the young at the expense of the middle-aged and the elderly.

Thus parents come to stand In awe of their own children, and many of us begin to think that growing old is the worst of all diseases if not a positive crime.

We cling desperately, and often ridiculously, to youth as though it were a salvation in itself and all beyond It daiic-ness. And the rest of the world sensibly laughs at us for this national obsession.

At 40, Glenn did more than prove himself. He opened a new vista of hope to millions of time-fearful men and women by showing them that achievement and heroism are not the property of youth, but are available at any age.

Frorn now on any teen-ager who doesnt show proper respect to our years and gray hairs is likely to get himself bopped.

For in all us middle-aged there Is a hero trying to get out if he can only find the way.

Opinions '.n Brief

One thing kids cant understand Is why a country that makes nuclear bombs would outlaw firecrackers. Waltham (Mass.) News-'Trlbune.

We forgot who said this, but We like It: Doing business without advertising Is like winking at a girl in the dark. You know what you are doing, but nobody else does.* Top-penish (Wash.) Review.

We have temporary taxes dating back to World War II and beyond, and few are naive enough to believe that any relief from them is In the offing. Bedford (Va.) Bulletin-Democrat.

Every man in the world reaps what he sowsexcept the amateur gardener,La-Belle (Mo.) Star.

18.000 "n "One

Public

learn

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1962, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Now that we know that the Glenn Team consisted of at least 18,000 persons, scattered over the face of the Earth, we have some better understanding of the problems Involved In astronautics. The entire machine Is a complex of systems, involving enormous mathematical and physical knowledge and those who attend the various Instruments must be trained to nervelessness so that their personal reactions do not produce Instantaneous disaster.

We know that the astronaut is not a robot who sits In a cage controlled by buttons. We have heard him at work; we have listened to evidences of Intelligent direction of his enterprise and we can witness that he has engaged In intelligent, articulate reporting of his work for. permanent record. This was not a push button effort but rather the mobilization of intelligence and expertness In many fields and the disciplining of the human will to a selfless goal.

In a word, it is the mind and the spirit (rf man that still prevails and these enormous accomplishments in new scientific fields, dramatic as they are, come down to the simplicity of an organization chart and the selectlOT of the personnel capable of splito-second thinking and decisions that are based not on prejudice but on accurate scientific data.

But there is something more that has to be added that is the spirit tb serve, the subordination of oneself to the judgement of a team, the acceptance of the expert, a \^t1-llngness to overcome private prejudices for the general good.

In our social system, the reward for labor iSomoney compensation. When that reward is unsatisfactory, the laborer strikes. The astronaut receives a piddling monetary reward for his services and knows when he enters upon such a career that it is not mOTcy he is looking for; that his wife will not wear mink coats and that his children had better look about them for scholarships.

This is going to make a tremendous change in the outlook of a generation whose hero got $245 for the ride. The monetary compensation just does not count and those who stood at the various machines were sweating it out for the success of a reward-less enterprise. A few of their names and oanipatlons come to us but not one will get a rich movie or TV contract or will sell his life story. This was a selfless contribution to the country and to human knowledge.

And that Is important to emphasize because a tremendous social change Is occurring in this land which cannot be ig-, nored. While' we are still complaining in many quarters that the government is impoverishing us by Its brutal taxes, which is true, the young people of the country are mostly going In for public service, in the Army, Navy, Air Force, space, missiles, public health, nursing and a hundred other public occupations.

For years, we objected to the employment of an enormous personnel by the government. But when we realize that the Glenn Team-one team- consisted of at least 18,000 persons, we have to adjust our thinking to the size of government employment as long as the government Is engaged In these enterprises. It must mean that the number of persons to be employed by the government will Increase and that they will be more expert from year to year.

The military forces will require more scientists of every type. The public has seen for Itself how the scientists worked on the Glenn Teem. We saw a little of It but It does not require much Imagination to realize how much scientific knowledge has gone Into every phase of the astrpnautlc endeavor. Ambitious boys and girls will be wanting to enter such service not for the money return that It will bring but because It opens the door for Increased study and for greater experience. In many fields, the best equipped laboratories will be government operated or attached to private enterprise companies almost exclusively engaged In government contracts.

(Oonttnned an Pag* )

Lorum

To the Editor;

I wish to join the many loyal friends who have fought this Urban Renewal so valiantly.

First, because I am one of its victims Secondly, because it is such an inhuman, unchristian act, one that weve never had perpetrated against us before. I wonder if any one. If those who voted for this Urban Renewal ever consider-ed being one of its victims. I am sure not, or they never would have voted for it, not if they really knew how secretive they were, not letting the public know just what their intentions were. When the appraiser came to my door, I did not let him in, and told him it was just communism. He replied he was as much against it as I, or any one else, but that he was being paid and needed work. He also said he wasnt allowed to tell me the amount my home would be appraised for. I am not sure, but I think he said he was a contractor but doing this for Mr. D. O. Nichols, w'ho was the appointed appralsor.

I am nearing my 87th birthday and in very poor health, so much so, I havent been able to attend any of their meetings, but I do get a first hand report from them. Id like to know, if they think this 1.S what our town needs to Improve it, and If so, let the public know its intentions, not work secretly among themselves. This seems fair and just to me. This Isnt the American way that our Gov-ernrr/ent was founded on. It was founded on freedom for all.

I want to thanki all who have fought this Urban Renewal and especially Dr. John Wooten. Mr. J. J. Perkins, and Dr. Allen Taylor for their loyal support against it.

What we need most Is Christian unity, love and justice for our neighbors.

I am still praying that Ood In His Infinate, wisdom and goodness, will intofvene in ' some way, and save our towin from this Urban Renewal.

Most sincerely,

Mrs. Helen D. Scolt

'Elconomic Education For U. S.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Economic education for Americans, as planned by Secretary of Commerce Luther H. Hodges. appears to be a useful project. Mr. Hodges has a.sked Commerce experts to draw up a program whereby Americans will be informed about basic economic facts and terms.

While the Secretary Is planning to acquaint citizens with the meaning of such terms as the gross national product and the consumer price Index. it may be more useful to teach the public some of the even more basic facts of economics.

Half a century ago a large ftumber of American* believed that if the government needed more money, all it had to do was to print more. Taxes, they thoyght, were a lot of nonsense; let the printing presses roll!

Economists of the time tried to point out that this wasn't so but many people were reluctant to give up the dream of printing-press prosperity. When Germany resorted to this system af

ter Worid War I, and thereby plunged into bankruptcy, many Americans finally understood why simply printing money makes everybody poor instead of everybody rich.

A few clung to the old idea, however. They supported the Townsend plans and similar pensions and welfare schemes that were variations of printing-press money plans. The public grew wiser, however, and the $30 every Thursday proposala were never enacted.

More recently, a comparable economic fallacy has arisen. It appears to be spreading. What is worse, it is being cultivated by political leaders and others who surely know better,

Thi.s Is the proposition that the Federal government is an endless source of money.

LET SAM IM) IT

The corroliary is that If a city wants to get rid of some slums, or that a state wants 'some new highways, or that If a university wants to study the molecular structure of a cell, the Federal government can readily put up

the money.

We cant afford It so Washington will have to do it, Is a statement that has been heard in every village and metropolis in America. And politicians both In home towns and Washington have been encouraging this. Almost every state and subdivision at this very moment is working on some plan to get money from Washington for some expensive project. And In Washington, vast bureaucracies have been set up to dispense Federal funds to states, subdivisions and individuals.

This proposition Ignores the fact that aU Federal funds must come from the people. When a state puts up a sign reading. Ilitio million highway constructlpn-$90 million U. S.. funds. $ttf million state funds,** it Is fooling the public with the truth. Probably the entire $100 million and perhaps more comes from the states owh people. ,

Part of every tax dollar sent to Washington must be used (or

national defense and other Federal expenses. Another part goes back to states and subdivisions for highway and other local benefits. But this part undergoes considerable shrinkage, because there must be a lot off the top for the bureaucracies that take in and give out the money.

Every cent spenti locally by the Federal government must come out of taxes. Federal tax rates have not risen, It is true. That is because collections are higher because Inccmies have gone up, and because the government Is borrowing more. The national debt celling has just been Increased again.

BANK HELD REALLY INVESTMENT COMPANY

The New York State Suprtme ,Court has temponlry enjoined the Dollar Industrial Bank Ltd., of Nassau, the Bahamas, from doing business In the state. Attorney General Louis J. Lef-kowltz charged It was an investment company posing as a bank to get deposUs. *