TWday. Fbramry 6. 1962

f Com Is Traditional

Tht fact that North Carolina is importing corn program was instituted. North Carolina produced 88 from the government surplus storage facilities in the million bushels of corn and exported some 26 million Midwest came as a surprise to many Tar Heels, but bushels during the fall harvest season. Before the

Squeezing Them Into the Mold

it is probably more surprising to many that the current situation is not unique.

North Carolina, in spite of the fact-4hat it is one of the leading agricultural states of the nation, and in spite of the fact that it produces considerable coni, has traditionally both exported and imported com.

Jumping to the conclusion that the present shortage of com in North Carolina is due entirely to the small grain program instituted last year, will not stand up in the face of the facts.

To be sure the small grain program is responsi-

1961 crop had been harvested, however, North Carolina had imported not only an amount equal to the 25 million bushels it exported the previous fall, but an additional 28 million bushels. In short, the state imported and used 28 million more bushels of corn than it produced the year before the small grain program went into operation.

The same year Pitt County, in contrast to the state-wide picture, pr^^duced some 4*6 million bushels of corn and used only about 2.2 million bushels. Its situation was not greatly different from that of many other eastern counties, but whereas

ble for a good part of the shortage, but North Caro- eastern counties have normally produced more

lina was importing corn prior to the beginning of the small grain program last year.

In 1960, the last year before the small grain

Season

Of

me

Sudaet-Makers

By LYNN NISBET

BUDGET MAKING - This Is the leason when the men and women who are respcmslble for running the various agencies. (HHMutments and institutions of State governments are supposed to give over their role as administrators and assume the role of magician.

It is budget preparation time. Where the magicians touch is required is In the fact that the budget made up now is supposed to he good until June 30. 1985. The dlvlsicm heads have been asked to make up their requests for appropriations based on what they estimate will be the needs of their particular part of the government for the period between July 1, 1963. and June 30.1965. These figures will be worked over by the budget bureau, then passed along to the advisory budget commission. and finally to the appropriations committee and the full membership of the General Assembly. The estimates made In February and March of this year will be passed upon by the Legislature in May or June of next year, becoming effective July 1 next year and contintiing for the full biennium until June 30three and a half years from now.

With a time spread like this the estimators cannot be held to strict accountability, but through the years they have done a remarkably skillful job of forecasting requirements.

HISTORY MONTH - Governor Sanford has joined with other chief executives throughout the country in designating February as American History Month. Ri addftion to the observance of the birthdays of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, the month can be used to emphasize significance of historic places and events in North Carolina. It Is a good time to visit the well known shrines and to ferret out others less knowm but with important bearing on North Carolinas development.

HOW TO DO IT atlzens are being requested and cajoled every day to write your caigressman about this or that. The same advice is given every year that the State Legislature is in session to ointact your local legislators.

Clifton Blue, a veteran legislator from Moore county, in a weekly column written for his own and a dozen or so other - was Introduced.

A LETTER In miy Instances a letter is better than a phone call unless you are a dose personal friend of your congressman or senator. And even if you phone him. its well to amfirm your telephone conversation with a letter for his files for future reference. Make your letter brief. If possible, confine it to one page. Congressmen receive an average of more than 100 letters every working day. With committee meetings scheduled at 10 a.m. and the session at noon, they do not have unlimited time to give too letters and dictating replies.

It is not necessary that the letters be typewritten. The form, phrasaology and grammar are not of great importance.

Confine your letters to one subject for each letter. This exclusive treatment underscores the importance the writer attaches to the subject and calls for a definite reply. And a letter covering several subjects knocks the daylights out of the congressmans filing system.

OUTLINE REASONS - Always give your reasons for your position. Nothing is more meaningless than a letter which simply demands that the congressman support H. R. 2325 In the first place the letter automatically identifies itself as artifically inspired by some pressure group. In the second place an honest congressman honestly wants to know the reasons on both sides of every issue, without which he cannot reach an honest decision.

Dont insult your congressman with threats. No congressman worthy of his job will vote for or against a biH on the basis of threats.

A personal letter is better than a form letter, or a signature on a petition. Some people w'ill sign a petition without reading it just to avoid offending the carrier. Form letters, even though typed or written are recognizable as such and carry almost no weight at all

REPLIES In evaluating the reply of your congressman or senator, its well to remember that there are alwaj^ two sides to each issue, but that right and wrong are not always exclusively on one side or the other. A bill may contain many different parts and a number of different Issues. Its well to remember that a bill seldom becomes law in the same form it

newspapers, offers suggestions OB how most effectively to contact the lawmaker at Washington or Raleigh.

Here Is what he says;

CONTACTING LAW-MAKERS Congress is back in session and people are being told to write your ctmgresanan or write your senator about the many matters which they murt pass Kp<xi.

We think a few hints on how to contact your congressman might not be amiss at this time.

With 537 members of the two Houses of Congress, most legislation is the result of legislative compromise. -Bills may be amended in the committees or on the floor of the House and Senate during debate to such a drastic extent that it is altogether different from the original biU. For these reasons it is oftentimes impossible for a congressman or senator to commit himself positively in advance to support or oppose a bill identified simply by a number or a catch title.

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T

corn than they have used, their surplus has not been sufficient to make up for the difference in production and consumption in the Piedmont and Western counties of the state.

W^ith the institution of the grain program, however, the picture in eastern counties has changed considerably so far as production^ is concerned. In Pitt, for example, some 82,000 acres were planted in corn in 1960. Last year, however, with the beginning of the small grain program, some 24,000 acres of corn was taken out of production in Pitt, resulting in only 58,000 acres being planted compared with 82,000 the year before.

Unless something changes the picture in Pitt quickly, there is every indication that at least 24,000 acres formerly used to produce corn will be put aside in the grain program again this year. A similar situation is in prospect in other counties n this section of the state.

The small grain program was designed not for the farmers of North Carolina, but rather to deal with the problems of the Midwest corn belt. Whether in the long run it will prove lieneficial or detrimental to agriculture in North Carolina is still a question widely debated.

We feel it is unwise for Eastern Carolina farmers to take out of production acreage on which com By DON SCHLIENZ can be profitably produced and forfeit to farmers in other states the money to be made selling com in North Carolina.

Syadknte, laa

Making It Difficult For Castros Regime

A Lot Of PeoDle Care

We in Pitt County have a slender tie to the weekend dedication of that $6 million hospital in Memphis, the St. Jude Research Hospital for Children.

Okay. So that link is minute . . .but it nevertheless exists By cutting off all imports from Cuba, the United by virtue of several hundreds

States has dealt another severe blow to the Castro government and has set an example which may be followed by other of the American republics in the near future.

The $32.4 million worth of goods purchased from Cuba by the United States during the first II months of 1961 was only a small fraction of the amount this country purchased from Cuba before the break with Castros government. This latest tightening of economic sanctions against Castros government will add to the pinch of conditions in (Juba, and if the U.S. lead is followed by other American nations, the already shaky economic conditions in Cuba could further deteriorate.

of dollars given in nickels, dimes, quarters and such, by local people.

As explained over the years, this particular center Is aimed most specifically at leukemia among children and the seeking of a cure. Treatment will be free

Stories concerning the dedication were the first I had read of progress since a little less than a year ago when a March For Danny (thats entertainer, Danny Thomas, by the way) was briefly promoted here

abouts.

I gather the continuing expenses of running the combined hospital and research center will require more fundraising work. . .but for such things there are a lot of willing hearts.

In that connection, Americans are regularly confronted by solicitations for the health-dollar. . . .whi^ in the long run add up to very small contributions by a great many individuals. If you have ever thought about these various health fund drives and their absence from the annual United Fund drives (which question has probably arisen several times), you have very likely decided for yourself why health funds are unwilling and even

For the most part, this latest U.S. move against PHltorQ ^n\7'nrT

Is economy will hit only one specific industry O ...

7ar Heel Nuclear Work

Cuba

in Cuba . . . the tobacco producers . . . for practically all of the imports from that country in the past year have consisted of tobacco. By hitting one industry rather than a variety of industries, the $32.4 million loss of trade will likely have a greater impact than if it were spread over several industries

In spite of assertions to the contrary by Castro, the loss of American trade has made a severe dent * . u i *

in the Cuban economy. If thi? United States move is "mer with aiumbe/'rf*othe followed by other American .countries who greatly firsts in nuclear progress, reduce their imports from Cubaeven if they do might, be pointed out that re-

altogether-Castros government tJ oT rXS

Will find It difficult to make up for the lost business in the textile and lumber in-by trading with other communist countries.

The situation will make it increasingly difficult for Castro to retain control of his island country with the worsening of already serious economic conditions.

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

While the Atomic Energy CJommission announces that the U. S. is the first nation to send nuclear power packets, or at-

Parties Like Popular Fronts

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) - American political parties are like popular fronts that let factions gang up under me tent and one label and, in public, gloss over their differences.

This doesnt solve the problem of how to achieve unity on the issuesso the public can know what to expect when they proclaim a party program but it keeps them in business.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower had his hands full with his own divided Republicani when he was in office. President Kennedy is having the same trouble with his Democrats.

Kennedy ignored the desertion from his ranks w'hen the House Rules Committee where Democrlfi outnumber Republicans 10 to 5 voted to kill his idea for a new department of urban affairs and housing.

It was wrecked because four Southern Democrats joined the five Republicans to vote against It. Kennedy ignored what the Democrats did. blistered the Republicans and promptly proposed establishment of the urban department through his Reoi^anizatlon ^ct powers.

Likewise last week the Republicans. whose only real unity is In trying to beat the Democrats, blithely skipped over their own division to criticize the opposition.

Speakers at the dinners which both parties hold are ua-ually long on generalities and short on specifics.

Eisenhower pointed out. rather ruefully it seemed, that In the past 30 yeaVs the Republicans have held the presidency only eight years and control of Congress only four

Why, with so much to offer

that is logical and sound does the electorate choose to buy the Inferior product of the opposition? he asked. The main answer lay in faulty sales tactics by the Republicans, he contended.

New Yorks Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller accused Kennedy of fakery in blaming the Republicans for killing the depart- ment of urban affairs Instead of pointing a finger at the Democrats who broke ranks to block him in the House Rules Committee.

Rockefeller said it was a subterfuge to bypass the states and gain direct political control over the nations big cities. Democrats answered Rockefeller on this in a hurry, saying that when he was President Eisenhowers chairman of an advisory committee on governmental organization, Rockefeller had recommended creating a similar department of urban affairs.

It was Rockefeller himself who best illustrated division among Republicans.

When he started to speak at a fund raising dinner In Des Moinea-^)ver a closed TV circuit some Republicans at a dinner in Washington booed him. They later applauded when he atta<;)ced Kennedy.

Last week Kennedy wondered out loud about who is giving the leadership direction to the Republicans.

Its not Rockefeller, vho some Republicans think is too liberal Its not Sen. Barry Goldwater of Arizona. Some Republicans think hes too reactionary.

Its hardly formei Vice President Richard M. Nixon, who has taken himself out of the 1964 presidential race, and is busy running for the govenior-shlp of California.

dustries in North Carolina.

Use of radiation in the textile Industry is being investigated at N. C. State College. Creation of new and uniqi^ textile materials having a wiae range of valuable properties such as mildew resistance, water proofing and stretch resistance is a promising use of radiation being investigated at State College.

Research relating radiation and the lumber industry is being done at the Research Triangle Institute. A technique being developed there appears promising for the lumber industry. The process would measure the density of wood' and be valuable in grading logs for various uses and in revealing defects.

At the same time it might be noted that the construction of a nuclear energy reactor for the Carolina-Virginla Nuclear Power Associates Is nearing completion. The reactor, which is at Parr, S. C.. is being built by the three-state corporation under a cooperative arrangement. It is designed to produce 17,000 electrical kilowatts.

These are only a few of the

examples that atomic energy are being used for. Future experiments will continue to open up a new field in which the atom will play the key role. Unless war intervenes, mankind could well be on the threshold of the greatest scientific breakthroughs in history.

The Atomic Energy Commission, in its annual report to Congress, listed some of the achievements already claimed by American science, in the nuclear field. For example, operation with the fleet of the first two surface warships propelled by atomic power. Also, the first atomic energized unmanned weather station in the arctic, and the first atomic powered navigational buoy, being used ki Curtis Bay, Md.

The "atomic batteries now out in space are in two Navy satellites. They are experiments looking into the eventual use of a worldwide system of aid to shippers and aircraft pilots in plotting their positions without reference to the stars.

There are 61 atomic submarines, plus carrier and cruiser, and two destroyers in the fleet of ships built and operating, building or authorized for building. The Soviet Union has several nuclear subs, it is believed.

These are examples of how far the world has come in utilizing atomic energy since those first crude tests were made in New Mexico back during the early war years. Man little dreamed he was creating a Pandoras Box for destruction or benefit of mankind, depending upon his own whims.

unable to Join UP or similar all-purpose community drives. The most prominent reason of all is that health compaigners require a degree of educational work among the citizenry.

and that particular angle would be lost if all the organizations were lumped in an over-all drive.

We have recently seen the New March of Dimes drive, the TB Association drive, the Heart Fund Drive is now in progress; the campaign for crippled children and adults, the Cancer Crusade are all in the offing.

Their success is largely dependent upon educating the public to preventative measures and early warning signs which if recognized can spell a whale of a lot of difference for the potential victim.

Take heart research:

Many cardiovascular diseases which were hopeless ten years ago are now possible of actual care. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease can now be prevented. . .high blood pressure can now be controlled. . . many strokes can be treated effectively and invalidism reduced or prevented.

Research is an important factor in all of thea: but informing the public as to what to look out for, how to recognize dangerous symptoms, plays a big role in reducing the toll in lives

Your chances, your childrens chances, of living normal and useful lives quite possibly rest on the woric these health foundations and associations are doing. Nothing quite like these oganiz-ed efforts against disease exist outside our country.

We may tire of the steady cycle of fund-raising drives, but their value can be measured by accomplishments in the health field which are as impressive as the spirit of hundreds of volunteers who willingly give their time and energies in selfless work.

Looking back on past health-dollar campaigns and looking to the future. . .it is a matter for satisfaction that a lot of people care.

Quote

The present congressional session is a reminder that members mall always reflects the voice of the people when it agrees with the congressmans voting position. But the mail is organized opposition when sentiment goes the other way. Daily Oklahoman.

Cubas 'i^ole In

? Affairs

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1962. King Features Syndicate. Inc. Taking it for granted that a way must be found to drive Communism out of Cuba in order to safeguard the United States, what do we do?

The simplest but least practical and popular solution is immediate war on Cuba. There is no question but that we would win that war, but there may be many consequences which would be extremely damaging and the end of which cannot be foreseen. For Instance, a bash war with Cuba may end in a major war with Soviet Russia. Are we ready? Are they ready?

The effort to rolve the problem at the O.A.S. has been mildly successful. In fact, it may be Judged to be unsuccessful. For with Brazil and Mexico abstaining we know that nations that we help spit in our face, to state the case as vulgarly but as accurately as possible. We have then to decide whether Brazil and Mexico are not more significant opponents of our country than Cuba and that we need a program of political antagonism to those countries.

Castro has made it clear by sufficient assertions that he has had the co-operation of Soviet Russia and that his enterprise is a part of the Soviet Universal State. Russia must be regarded as our focal enemy or current events have no meaning. Cuba, then, as an acknowledged agent of Russian policy, is an enemy of the United

States.

Even if the Russians are willing to end their foray in Vietnam, what Is their position in Cuba, BrazU and Mexico? In a word, is Soviet Russia moving Its enterprise against the United States from Southeast Asia to Latin America and are we in a better position to encounter the Russians in Latin America than in Southeast Asia?

This is not an easy question to answer. Every day I meet men who have answers to all questions. They know precisely how to handle this situation, but I am sure tliat neither the President nor the Secretary of State are equally sure. They are circumvented by the course of events and by knowledge of the facts and the more they look at 50 years of disturbance, the more they must wonder why there is no willing end to disturbance.

For instance, while Khrushchevs star is waning, it is clear that several new groups are emerging. In Asia, Red China has become a principal factor of W'orld disturbance with a special interest in Latin America. True, Chinas interest in Latin America is not new. Since about 1840 or earlier, Chinese were imported in Latin American countries from Kwangtung Province and they settled in large numbers over the years. They fared well in many of the Latin American countries and contributed large sums to Dr. Sun Yat-sen for the 1912 and subsequent Revolutions in China. In fact. Dr. Suns Minister of Foreign Affairs, Eugene Chen, came from Trinidad and was culturally British.

When Communist evangelism developed, Red China mapped out Latin America as an area for itself and sent to Latin American countries, Russian and German trained Chinese to serve as engineers and various kinds of experts. They have played a great role in the development of Communist movements in Mexico and Cuba. If when you look at pictures of Central Americans and some appear to be Chinese, the fact is that they probably are Chinese who have become assimilated with the indigenous population.

Red China then is playing an exceptional role in Latin America and that role is specifically anti-American. It has been assumed by Americans that they can export what they call Democracy to such countries as Red China or Latin America. This has proved to be a fallacy. Whereas Marxism, as a revolutionary force, can be exported and is accepted in alien (x>untries, Democracy has proved to be unassimilable. It rather develops as a concept of free choice over a long period of time and slowly over-(Continued on page five)

Hodges Sees Gradual Changes

By ELMER ROESSNER

Tariff cutis and the European Common Market are not charging in on the American economy. In fact, they are approaching slowly and American business can take them in stride, in the opinion of Secretary of Commerce Luther H. Hodges.

This Information comes straight from the horses mouth, as much as Mr. Hodges is the workhorse of the Kennedy Administration. At present ^le is in harness to sell the Kennedy plan to save the American export market by making tariff arrangements with European countries. In general, Presiijent Kennedy wants to make deals whereby the European Common Market will permit the entry of American goods if the United States allows equal entry of Common Market products.

In the first phice. Mr Ho<^-es told me In a private interview, Congress is not likely to grant Mr. Kennedy the power to negotiate mutual tariff reductions before midyear.

DOESNT WORRY HIM Mr. Hodges seemed actually relieved at this situation. His job is to sell the Kennedy plan to the United States.

In every Congressional district, there Is at least one plant fearful of competition fr(mi abroad. Each plant will generate pressure on its Congressman to oppose the Kennedy plan. It is my Job to convince the public in each district that the Kennedy plan is good for the entire country and that people must go along with what is best for the nation. Furthermore. foreign Imports prevent American prices frpm being excessive. He can use a little time to get this message home, he hinted. *

Another delay is Britains ckreful approach to Joining the Common Market. It may take a year for Britain to become a full partner. And Mr. Hodges said that it was unlikely that the American government .would undertake any negotiations with the CommtMi Market until it was certain whether Britain was in or out

THEN FIVE YEARS Even after Congress grants President Kennedy the authority to negotiate tariff reductions, and even after it is practical to open negotiations, there will be further slowdowns.

"The Kennedy plan calls for reductions over five years, the former Oovemor of North Carolina pointed out. Thus it will be five years after the start of negotiations before the full benefits are realized.

This will give American business ample time to adjust to the situation.

The government, especiaUy his Department, he said, is now mapping plans to assist American Industries affected by mutual tariffs cuts.

We wtU work Industry by industry, he said. Our. men will sit down with each industry and try to work out opportunities by increasing efficiency and by making new products. ,,

CHARGES* AND DEPRECUTION We expect to set up a board

that can award long-term loans to industries that need them for conversion. And in special situations we will recommend faster charge-offs for depreciation when present equipment, is rendered obsolete by fw^ign competition.

Special stress will be laid upon plans to Increase exports to foreign nations. He pointed out that the government and 57 private insurers have set UP the Foreign Credit Insurance Association which will insure exporters against loss in credit and poUtical risks.-The insuring companies and the Export-Import Bank will share the credit risks apd the bank will shoulder risks from war, ex-proprlatlcm and currency restrictions.

Mr Hodges pointed out that of $15 blUiim In imports into the United States each year, only $5 billion are competitive with American products. The .rest are not.

Who faces competition from bananas? he asked.

(