Fridny. January 26, 1962

More Than Higher Charges Needed

House approval of the $690-raillion postal rate will not begin hearings until March on the proposed increase shifts the scene on this first important postal increases, but hearings before the committee money matter of the current Congressional Session will begin Feb. 6 on legislation to increase the pay to the Senate where the going might be rougher of 1.6 million postal and classified civil service em-for the first of President Kennedys budget pro- ployes.

New East German Goose (Flesh) Step

' f

While the administration and other proponents of the postal rate increase have asserted it will bring an end to the chronic postal deficit, a substantial pay hike for postal employes would immediately throw the post office operations deep into the red again . . . even if postage rates are increased as

posals.

In the past the Senate Post Office Committee, headed by Sen. Olin D. Johnston of South Carolina, has^ehown reluctance to give the administrations all the increases they have wanted for the postal sendee

rates. In this session of Congress, as the postal matter . ^

becomes the first real budget item before Cotigress, Proposed. It points up the fact that the increased the committee may well avoid the indication that Postage rates might not live up to their billing as there wdll be clear sailing for budget proposals that ^ nieans of ending the^post office deficit, come later. As The Reflector has previously asserted, it is

our conviction that a satisfactory solution to the In the Senate the mattef of the proposed rate fiscal policies of the post office department cannot increases designed to reduce the huge postal deficit, be found merely in boosting charges. In recent years

and the accompanying proposals for pay increases for federal employees will come into sharper focus. Sen. Johnston has indicated that his committee

Gov. Sanfords

^Risina

?restiae

By LYNN NISBET

IMPROVED The Sanford presdge barometer hs risen CQDsiderably during the past two or three weeks. The way Governor Sanford has handled the Kidd Brewer situation up to now has n^t very general, tf not Quite unanimous, approval by the citizens. He moved hi with promptness and ftmmeas when the matter ci questionable dealings in highway signs was bnnight to his attention, and when his offlce had instituted the taivestiga-tion and announced steps to ellminatet be sources of trouble, be turned responsibility over to the other agencies.

For a few wedks following the bond election debacle last Novembfu Governor Sanford waa about as tow in public esteem as any Governor has been in recent times. The way he acc^Hed large share of respoi-sibility for inadequate promotion cS the bond issues pleased perscmal friends, but did not materially help his political situation. To tte omtrary it was suggested that this was evi> dence of weakness aiKi inadequacy in leadership.

The Brewer-Burch htehway sign matter is far fnnn conclu-si<m. There will be repercus-sicsis for months, perhaps for years. There is opportunity in the handling of it for mistakes that might react to the detriment of the Governor and the administration. Preponderant opinion as sensed by your reporter is that up to now the situaUon has been admirably ha.ndled by Um Governors office.

USE EMAll auUmiobiles in the State mrtor pool are equipped with seat belts, and on the Inside of the windshield is a little sticker warning the driver Dont be found dead, sitting on your seat belt. Besides the safety features of the belts, they contribute much to the rider on a ItMig tripparticularly if he has bad back, which seems to be a common ailment d middle aged folks.

TARDY Governor Sanford has achieved quite a reputation tnit no blue ribbtm awardsfor being late at imb-Mc meetings where he is sup-poeed to appear. A close personal friend and political associate suggested sometime ago that in making up schedules it is necessary to three time "sones railnMul, time, sun ttme snd Sanford time. An at-tsndant at the lecent CAD meeting in High Point said that the Governor's tardiness did not actually lose time. If be showed up exactly m schedule, said this fellow, the rest of the folks would be so surprised they cmildnt start the meeting on time anyhow.

COURTHOUSES-GuUford is the only county in North Caro

lina with two courthouses. A number oi other counties which have court houses in very small towns also maintain ccainty offices in larger cities. For example Rocky Mount offices for Edgecombe and Nash county Ixisiness; Reids ville does more Rockingham county routine business than does Wentworth, and Mount Airy offices of Surry county are as Important as those at Dobscm. But Guilford has a real courthouse at Greensboro, the legal county seat, and also at High Point where regular terms of superior court are held. The C&D folks attending the winter meeting in High Point this week made an inspection tour of the new city-county office building containing the courthouse and they were impressed by it.

PERSONALITY - Mrs. Phil Doran, wife of the head of the geodetic division of the department i cmservation and development has been interested In studying the individual characteristic or personalities of the cities which have been host to the C&D board at its meetings over the state. All of them have a definite North Carolina atmosphere, but each has also a distinctive appeal.

This individuality was further emphasized by Sen. Arthur Kirkman in his brief talk to the C&D board at the luncheon Monday. Kirkman made the point that many cities had sound and logical reasons for their being. Wilmington. Fayetteville, Greensboro and <^her places had natural advantages of geographic location, com-municati(m routes and similar assets which they did not have to create but which helped to create them. High Point had none of these natural facilities, but was built Into a njajor city solely by the determination of its builders. So the atmosphere is full of eager activity, of progressive movement, of impatience. High Point furniture and hosiery products are known throughout the world. What many people do not know is that High Point boats arc on Atlantic and Pacific waters, and High Point bus bodies are on highways in Canada and Central America. Churches and college development have come along with this business progress, to maintain balance between the material and the cultural.

There is good reason for some State boards and commissions holding all their meetings in the State capital, the center of government. It seems especially appropriate for the Board of Conservation and Development, with its Activities embracing every phase of life, to schedule meetings at different points throughout the state, so that these special personality characteristics may be understood.

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882 . DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publisher

Entered at Post Office, Greenville, N. C as second class mall matter._

'#>

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier (In Towns) Week 30c

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week 35c

BY MAIL, Payable In Advance

Greenville Post Office, Pitt County, Robersonville, Vanceboro Washington and Chocowinity.

Three Months ........ $3.76

Six Months .............................. 7.00

One Year . ............................. 13 00

North Carolina (other than listed above)

Ttirce Months ....... .......... $ 4.00

Six Months ............. 7.50

One Year ................ 14.00

Plus 3% N. C. Sales Tax All Other Outside Ncnrtb Carolina

Three Months ............................ $ 4.60

Six Months .............................. 8.00

On# Year .. ..... 15.00

BfEMBER ASSOCIATED PBES8 Tha AModated Press is exclusively entitled to use for publication all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited to this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of pubU<tion of speclsl dispstchet here art also rascrved.

NATIONAL ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES Thomas F. Clark Co., Inc., New York, Chicago. Atlanta Member Audit Bureau of Circulation.

AU advertising copy must be received st least one day before publication date.

Rv HENRY HOWARD

every increase in postal rates has been more than offset by increases in operational costsa substantial part of which have been pay increases. The net effect has been a continued high deficit in postal operations in spite of the series of rate increases.

Both rate and pay adjustments may be needed in the post office department, but if any permanent contribution is to be made to reducing the postal deficit, Congress must do something other than alternately increasing rates and granting pay increases.

Drastic Changes In Transportation Field

. Most Americans are aware that many companies in two of the basic transportation industries of the nationrailroads and airlineshave been having financial difficulties. It is our guess, however, that very few citizens recognize the full impact the situation could have on the nation as a whole unless some solution to the problems is found^

Airlines and railroads have been looked upon for decades as big business in the United States.

In the past they have been carefully regulated to* assure that anti-trust laws were not violated and that the public would be protected against them as big businesses which attain an economic position in which they could take advantage of the public.

Ncuv, with financial difficulties which have beset many companies in these industries, there is gram geared to enhance *^the a shift in the other direction. Companies which have agricultural program, been regarded as giants in these industries are find- hearing a detailed ex-

Ing it necessary to merge with other giants in order ?auVeder^aUon preswTnt b! to keep their heads above the red ink on their books, c. Mangum, the members vot-For some there appears to be only the alternatives endorse a lo-point blue-

of bankruptcy, merger or nationalization. The al- bS

ternative of merger, and a resulting sound econom- tion which seeks to serve as ical operation, is in the best interest of the com- the connecting link between panics, the nation and its people.

During this period of drastic readjustment in these basic transportation industries, the government should be careful that it does not impose restrictions which w'ould make nationalization of these companies the only alternative to bankruptcy.

A Willingness To Invest

Pitt Countys Farm Bureau membershiip, including many of the countys agricultural leaders, showed in its action W'ednesday that it is willing to invest more time and money in return for an organized pro-

the farmer and the government.

While a doubling of annual dues is not numbered among the 10 phases, it seems clear that the boosting of the Bureau's annual membership fee

from $5 to $10 will be an automatic 11th point in the program. This 100 per cent increase has been explained by Bureau leaders as they have urged enactment of the 10-point plan.

The expansion program, which includes added duties for the State and for the county organizations, is not a hastily-devised one. A need for a more comprehensive program was noted by the 1960 N. C. Farm Bureau convention. A special study committee appointed at that convention crystallized the 10-point plan from its two-year investigation and study assignment.

Approaching the apparent needs within the organization realistically, the committee saw that deficiencies within

At His Best In News Session

Other Editors Saying... Dignity & Photo Coverage

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON <AP) - President Kennedy was at his best Wednesday, after a series of rather dull news conferences, with sharpness, humor, and a new kind of toughness.

His relaxed self-assurance was like the Kennedy of the early news conierences in 1961.

He plugged for milk and the 40-hour week and, in shoving an extremely detailed knowledge of government, swiped at Republicans and discussed foreign trade, censoring the military, and his programs in Congress.

But in 19 years of attending presidential news conferences, going back to Franklin D. Roose-vel's days, this writer has never seen a President flatten a reporter as severely as Kennedy did Wednesday.

He toughened visibly when a newswoman bluntly accusing two State Department employes of being "well-known security risks. said they had just been feiven jobs involving security. Upon his request she named them.

He said he had examined the mens records and approved their assignments. Kennedy didnt ask the woman to back up her charge. But he said she should be able to do so.

Then, as a murmur swept through tHe big auditorium. Kennedy said he hoped the mens characters would not be damaged by her statement.

Kennedy moved easily through the questioning but it was In the political field that he provided the biggest surprise.

Not long before he met the press the House Rules Committee. one of the most powerful groups in Congress, had refused to approve his request for a new department of urban affairs and hou.sing.

On this committee there are 10 Democrats and 5 Republicans. The vote again.st the new department was 9 to 6. Four Southern Democrats joined all five Republicans in turning Kennedy down.

Kennedy blandly Ignored the fact that on this committee.

where , his Democrats outnumber Republicans two to one, the five Republicans couldnt have blocked him if four Democrats hadn't joined them.

' Kennedy said he was astonished at the Republicans. Then he lipped into them but never mentioned the desertion of his own Southern Democrats.

What was surprising about it was this; He has gone out of his way in the past few months to woo Republican support for his programs. On some of them hell need such support in both House and Senate.

It could be taken for granted since this is a congressional election year that once Congress had finished next summer and the political campaign began that Kennedy would have taken some cracks at Republicans.

But for him to start shooting Wednesday was like beginning to hunt before the season opened. At the least it might only mean that hes just beginning to store up ammunition before the election begins.

Hes been extremely mild with Republicans since he took .office last year, too mild to please some critics who figure mildness never won anything and that if he wants to get his programs through he has to fight for them.

If Wednesdays attack really means the beginning of a new, fighting Kennedy, this years session of Congress will be more interesting than 1961, and so will Kennedy.

There must be something about milk that brings out the pixy in Kennedy.

Two days ago at the National Conference on Milk and Nutrition. after encouraging the public to drink milk. Kennedy reached into the desk he was using and came up with a big

glass of milk. He drank it.

Wednesday, after putting in another plug for milk-drinking, he announced his press secretary, chubby Pierre Salinger, had had a glass of milk in the

morning with no adverse ef

fect.

(Washington Daily News)

The North Carolina Bar association is asking the North Carolina Supreme court to ban picture taking in court trials. As of now, it is up to each individual judge to determine the matter of picture taking in his court.

The request of the N.C Supreme court by the Bar association takes the line that picture taking In court hurts the dignity of the court. We take issue with that charge.

Actually, a small newspaper such as the Daily News is not affected by the matter of nic-ture taking to the degree that larger newspapers and television stations are affected. In the past 10 years we have carried probably not more than 10 courtroom pictures.

Todays photography is such that one can take a picture in a court room with very little, if any, notice being made of it. No flash bulbs re needed today. The cameras are so sensitive to light that many pic tures are taken without the subjects ever realizing it.

Dignity of any court is Important, and not for one moment would we minimize the necessity of proper dignity. But more Important than dignity is justice itself. The, Bar association might perform a real service to the people of our state if it would seek ways and means of improving justice first.

We speak of dignity sometimes as if it were something which does not now exist in

courts. Such a view is not correct. Dignity can be improved, but it hardly can be improved much simply by banning cameras.

One can look at a court trial and see a lawyer cross examining a witness to such an extent that he gathers the impression the witness is being brow-beaten. One listens to a trial and feels that the witness is not telling the truth. One looks at a trial and feels honestly that a great deal of time is being wasted every day. Does not dignity suffer more in the examples given above than it suffers from picture taking privileges granted by the Superior court judge?

After all, the Superior court Judge, it seems to iis, Is properly qualified to determine decorum in his court. If he is, not qualified, he should not be* serving the people of North Carolina tn this matter of me^ Ing out justice.

We admit quite frankly that there should be ground rules set by the presiding judge In this matter of picture taking. But banning picture taking altogether does not strike us as the proper answer, particularly if we apply it in the name of dignity.

Improving dignity, if indeed banning picture taking in court does improve dignity, should be secondary at all times to the reason courts exist that of Justice.

And there never has been, never will be. and must not be any substitute for justice.

the Bureaus structure were attributable first to scanty revenue. Since annual membership dues constitute the Bureaus source of funds, it was a realistic conclusion to decide members annual fees would have to be boosted.

A closer look at the '.automatic 11th step in the 10-point program, in comparison with the existing fee rate, shows the county units would greatly bolster their treasuries for financing of expanded services.

Under the present $5-a-yetr membership rate, the county units retain 30 per cent of their collected membership fees. The State treasury receives 50 per cent while the national orgsmization gets the remaining 20 per cent. Should the $10-a-year fee be adopted, the local units would retain 50 per cent, the State Bureau 40 per cent and the American Farm Bureau Federation only 10 per cent.

Based upon current membership, the Pitt Farm Bureau could expect its annual membership revenue to jump from the $3,165 now paid by its members to $10,560 if the membership remains constant. And the county units president, Ralph C. Tucker, claims a potential membership in Pitt at least double the present Bureau rolls.

The expansion plan is an ambitious one that will cost money to become efective. Farm Bureaus leaders have exhibited a realistic approach that is two-fold. First, they have examined the needs and arrived at proposed measures to fill some gaps. The propose als have been explained to the organizations members. Second, they have made it clear at the outset that the desired improvements will cost more and have told Farm Bureau members what the additional assessment wUl be.

Opinions In Brie::

The neutron bomb is designed to destroy people but not property. But then, who would pay the property taxes? Decatur (Ala.) Herald.

Note to politicians: Prices are now just about as high as you boys said theyd never get . . . And, while this seems a little silly to mention it now, this country was founded as a protest against taxation. Greenville (S. C.) Piedmont.

Alliance 3as Its

Tlaws

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY C(8?yt1gbt, 1962, King Features Syndl(te, Inc.

The dliculty with a free alliance such as NATO is that it cn bec(xne meaningless. For instance. Red Clhina is an enemy of NATOprobably the principal enemy of NATO and certainly the principal enemy of the United States. Its policy is for the Soviet Universal State to make war on the Western world. Nevertheless, Great Britato sells planes to Red China, Canada and Australia sell wheat to Red cauna.

In a word, (nir allies prolong the existence of our enemy. These sales are suicidal and apparently there Is nothing we can do about It because We do not have real alliance; we have a sort of affiliation In which each country does as it pleases no matter what harm it may do to any other member of the Alliance.

' Of course, the French could say that we have not supported each twist of French policy in Algeria; the Netherlands can say that we weakered Netherlands in Indonesia (the Dutch Dsist Indies); Portugal can say that we withheld help in Goa, and so on. In fact, each ally with justice can complain against every member of the alliance, establishing without doubt that NATO is not an alliance any more than the United Nations ia a parliament of man.

Red China purchased six Vickers Viscount airplanes last year and It is not reported that the Handley Page Company is negotiating Herald airplanes. Also the Rootes Group is reported to have sold 130 trucks to Red China. Business' is business.

The reason given for British consent to these transactions is that their cancellation would establish anti-American agitation among laborers in Great Britain, the British worker not giving a tinkers damn about the alliance at the present time but only seeking jobs. It Is difficult to believe that the British worker is as stupid as the leaders of the Labour Party, but politicians try not to take a chance and as the British government wants no harm to come to Anglo-American relations, it bends itself to what it assumes is British public opinion, just as our politicians pay attention to the so-called polls which tell them little of the truth of American public opinion.

The United States was consulted about the sale. Senator Kenneth B. Keating of New York asked the State Department about these transactions and received a very frank answer, the gist of which is that Great Britain and Red CHiina maintain diplomatic relations, and therefore engage in commercial relations.

But what about NATO? What about the North Atlapticr-AlUance? What becomes of the future of these countries? What about the secrecy of airplane equipment, radar, etc., with regard to which there is an exchange between Great Britain and this country?

The complication in all this is what whereas a Soviet alliance is total, the parties to it accepting their orders from the Kremlin, NATO is a free alliance, the parties to it making their own decisions with regard to many matters. For instance, it cannot be said that there is a NATO policy regarding Red China or a NATO policy regarding Algeria or Goa or any fundamental relationship.

There is both strength and weakness In this Independence of view. The loss of sovereignty within NATO cannot be developed satisfactorily. Our people would not stand for it for a minute, nor would the British or the French. We actually criticize the Soviet Universal State and call the Soviet nations slave states.

Do we want our countries to be slave states? If so, to whom?

Involved in all this is the question of freedom, of free choice, of free sovereignty. We oppose what Soviet Russia has done in East Germany, but would we do the same in Great Britain or France? Undoubtedly there are some who subconsciously would prefer the world be divided In two, with Soviet Russia and the United States as the two great powers holding all others in thrall. But (Continued on Page 5)

?law In Productivity Reasoning

?ublic

Jrorum

To the Editor:

Congratulations cm The Daily Reflectors receiving the North Carolina Press Associations third runner-up Community Service Award.

This honor, presented to you by tte North Carolina Press Association, for the Reflectors editorial support and news coverage of last yesra urban renewal and public housing referendum and voted on favcu:-

ably by Greenville citizens, is well merited. Underscoring this recognition. Is the fact that your competition was state-wide and included all size newspapers.

You and your able staff deserve much admiration for this splendid accomplishment.

Very truly yours, REDEVELOPMENT COMMISSION 0F THE CITY OP GREENVILLE F. -Badger Johnson, Jr.

f!ha<rrrini

By ELMER ROESSNER

The Council of Economic Advisors general guidelines for restraint on wages and prices to dampen Inflation run in the right direction but they still allow an enormous amount of inflation between them.

The council proposed that the rate of increase In wages in any industry should not exceed the rate of increase in productivity in Industry generally. Productivity has been rising in the netehborhood of 3 per cent a year, so the rate of pay increases this year within the councils guidelines would be 3 per cent.

Productivity Increases, of course, are usually brought about not by working people harder but by the introduction of more efficient machinery, better techniques, greater automation, etc.

While these are Introduced by capita Inv -stment, i generally held that labor should share in the gains.

FLAW, IN RKA.SONINf.

However, in practice. labor everywhere shares the gains in productiv^ 1 industry alone.

If new methods permit a 3 per cent rise in industrial production, then everybody in nonindustrial fields demands 3 per cent more. And because industry competes with other employers for the best men and women, nonindustrial employees eventually get higher pay The weakness of tying aU wages to industrial productivity Is that only a fraction of the nations workers are engaged in industrial production Many are employed in service industries, some in fields In which productivity "has not increased in generations.

A recent breakdown (November, 1961) of 55.077,000 Americans on non-agricultural payrolls showed:

Manitfacturing llshments Mining

Contracting St tion

Transportation ties

Wholesaling &

estab-16,639 000 665.000 COnstruc-2,816.000 & "tili-3.943,000 retailing 11 913 000

Finance, Insurance & real estate 2,752 000

Service and misceUaneous

7.582.000

Government 9,100,000

There is no sharp division in the above categories between industrial and service industries. The first three with 20 million employees, are almost wholly industrial. The last fve. with 25 million, are largely service industries.

LITTLE PRODUCTIVITY RISE

And in these Industries there is little productivity rise. Government employees appear to be producing more governing, but not more per manhour, which is the true measure of productivity. It is (mly when one bureaucrat will undertake to run two bureaus, or when one government employee handles two automated government jobs (such as could happen when using automated machines to assess trifflc fines) that productivity rises in this category.

There may be some gains tn productivity In the other non-Industrial fields. A larger truck can Increase productivity. But, in general, productivity increases in nonindustrial fields

are not commensurate with rises in Industrial fields.

Therefore, under the councils formula, a 3 per cent rise in industrial productivity, would lead to a 3 per cent rise in all wages. Half the economy, through increases in productivity, would share the gain in in industrial productivity. But the other half would get a similar gain.

Thus it would seem that a 3 per cent gain in all wages, based on a 3 per cent gain In Industrial productivity, would involve an inflation factor of around 1.5 per cent.

CHOICE OF THREE BS AT $4 A B PAYS OFF

Other breweries across the country are eyeing, perhaps bitterly, the run-away promotion by Rainier beei* on the West Coast. The (X)mpany, with gay copy, offered highbrow.s sweatshirts with the faces of Beethoven, Brahms or Bach imprinted thereon at $4 e The promoti(fti is self-liquldnt-Ing and Beethoven is outselling Bach tw'o to one and Brahms four to one.