Ifonday. January 22. 1962

Prestige On Line In OAS Meet

. S. prestige has been placed on the line at of the 21 members of the Organization of American the maeting of the 21-nation Organization of Ameri- States would be in support of the U.S. position that can States with the assertion by Secretary of. State economic sanctions should be imposed against Cuba. Dean Rusk that Cuban communism must be quaran- Twelve of the 21 have broken off diplomatic rela-tined. tions with the Castro government and there are

The prevention of further expansion in the others which have indicated willingness to join in

Western Hemisphere is essential. Rusk said, to the the move to punish the dictator,

success of the Alliance for Progress program which the broader view, however, sanctions by the

provides billions in economic aid for Latin American tare two-thirds of the members of fhe Organization nations. of American States would not be sufficient to indi-

Obviously, further, communist inroads into cate solid support of the U.S. position. It would

Western Hemisphere affairs would pose a serious surely raise questions about the distribution of eco-stumbllng block to the program which envisions nomic aid through the Alliance for Progress which social and economic advancement under the Alii- although a cooperative programis largely fiance for Progress. And it is just as obvious that the nanced by the United States.

United States would not be willing to use its eco- 'The situation poses another important chal-nomic aid dollars in helping nations of the hemis- leuRC to the Kennedy administration in making good phere which come under communist domination such its promise to bring about closer relationships beat now exists in Cuba. tween H^ie United States and its neighbors of this

The major question at the moment appears hemisph^gHBy exerting sufficient pressure, the U.S. whether the Organization of American,States will uiay b able to get its way in the Organization of decide to invoke sanctions against the Cuban gov- American States. But if it does it through extreme emment of Castro. The United States is pushing for pressure, it may also cause adverse reactions. It such sanctions, but there are other nations of the rnay give rise to opinions that the United States has hemisphereamong them Brazil, Mexico and Chile reverted to the old idea of dollar diplomacy in deal-^which have indicated varying degrees of opposi- its Latin American neighbors. It may also

tion to proposed sanctions against Cuba. If it were undermine the basic idea the,Alliance for Progress timply a matter of voting, it appears that two-thirds program is not a U.S. program, but rather a cooperative venture in which the nations of the hemisphere

November Song

Some Values In

D

are equal partners.

Past

A Risk, But Returns

XDerience worth A11 it involves

By LYNN NISBET HOME WORK The North CaroUnlans are planning to go on the forthcoming mission to Europe to promote travel In this state might profit from ex-

Ove ejiperlenoe, although hoth Americans, along with other peoples of

had fine records as govern- the world, recognize the calculated risk being taken

mcnt administrators at st^ by the United States W'ith its full information policy

or naUonal level-McLean as man-in-orhit tpst

under secretary of the U. 8. . oroit test. ^

treasury and Scott as N. C. As m previous space tests, this policy of the

xxusiH liuiii c** wcaioury anu ocuu ss Iy* v* tiiio pviicjr VIA tiic TDTn

perlencM of some of those who commissioner of agriculture. United States- is in stark contrast to the secrecy oL/X

went with the Hodges' industry-hunting mission two years ago. They found that they had done their home worit on the wrong lesson.

Several members of the party brushed up on high school and college knowledge of foreign languages; pored over maps and encyclopedia getting informiOion about the plac

Luther Hodgs had no legislative experience, unless aie session as president of the senate might be counted as such experience. William Umstead had served in both branchea of the Congress but never in the North Carolina legislature.

McLean and Hodges were primarily blisiness men and boasted of that fact. Morrison

which h^s surfounded all Soviet attempts in this field until their success was assured. The Soviet failures have been carefully guarded secrets.

The effort by the United States to place a man in orbit this weekprobably Thursdaywill have Copyright, 1962,

the attention of most of the world. There is every King Features syndicate, inc. confidence among American scientists that the flight Everybody who can read is

of Lt. Col. Glenn will be successful. There is al- expert about something;

Extreme Right Of Today

es they would visit so they made no pretense of being any- wavs the possibility in such a complicated test how- . regards

could talk Intelligently with thing other than a politician, i-i, a. 4-u**^ u a * a. himself as an outstanding

their hosts; and sought to fa- and the record of his adminls- tbat something could go wrong to prevent the authority, in fact, when it

mlUartee themselves with cus- traUon puts It on a par with fhght from accomplishing all the goals set for it. comes to Russia and commun-

of the coun- the best. With the Soviets having previously sent two i* experts and authori-

tries to be visited. All that was Prran which It might be ad- , _ i.u a 8^^ so numerous that

very goodfor the North Car- duced that success in the office into orbital flights in space, the American flight one wonders whether there is

oilmans. Bui t*'y v hat of governor is due more to the this w^eek is calculated to close the space gap be- any literate person who did

they really ought to have stud- characteristics and tempera- tween the two major powers of the world. The wide ghost-write for Lenin and ted was iacua. infonnatlon mant advance publidty given the h, there are a t.w

on the way up. assure broad acceptance of the fact that the gap who do know what they are

Of the six or eight men most has been closed if the flight is successful. If, as a talking about. They have a

5Swe"ca?S!i'L eS ^ realistic view must demand, something should go

l3it one-Bert Bennett-has had wrong, there will be wide acknowledgement that English: th^ lve T clelr

experience in Jegi^Uve imd a space gap still exists between the two nations. knowledge of terminology;

^ While recognizing this calculated risk, the sufficient stature

MORALE BUILDER - Your United States has by its open policy on space tests ^mong thos^'^hose^ idg-

trial scheme. These were the reporter has contended for a inspired greater confidence among people through- ment as weU as knowledge is

"or*" have the Sodets with their space to ^

So the men and women go- It to the N. c. Orthopedic Hos- successes and their cloak of secrecy which has sur- Su^^^^

movement as Communism has much to do with words and ideas and Lyons has had at least 40 years of Intimate knowledge of this movement both in Russia and the ynited States. He has never been tempted to opportunism.

The new-comer to a worldwide revolutionary movement Is usually astounded by what he finds and having a naive background becomes absorbed by emotionalism. The com-

gbout their own slate.

(toe man confessed embarrassment when he was asked a simple question about basic relationship of state and local governments, and he did not know one thing about it. Another had no idea rf the rela^ve ImpOTtance of furniture, textiles and tobacco In our indus-

Ing to promote travel need to pital at Gastonia. That sounds rounded each test until its success was assured,

be-able to answer Intelligent ly basic quei^ons about attrac-U(H38. accommodations, rates, etc. The party will have descriptive material printed In English, French and German, will be well supplied with pictureswhich ^ak In a common language, and with factual Informatitm about government. The Important thing will be al^lity of the individuals in the Itorty to discuss In general way and intelligently thise matteis with the people whom they are visiting.

EXPERIENCE As people are casting about, even more than two years in advtmce, for acceptable candidates for Governor next time, thoughts naturally turn to what qualifications a governor should have.

la experience in legislative bod^. Judicial councils or government admlnistraticHi an as-aet? Or might It be in some cases a handicap? Should success In private business rate higher than medk>crity In government?

In the past most of our governors have come through the leglslaUvt halls, but there are' several notable exceptions. Governors Angus W. McLean and Kerr Scott had no legisla-

strange, since the patients at the hospital are kids with warped and twisted limbs, malformed bodiesand some with lower than average IQ rating. One might think It would be depressing. To the contrary, the kids are all so brightly happy, so charmingly patient with their flRifiering and handicaps, and manifest such superb faith in the ability of Dr. Roberts and his associates to straighten them out. U Is exhiliiwting to visit among thn.

It was good tttt other day to hear Associate Justice William Rodman of the Supreme (tourt share this feeling about a visit to the hospital. As chairman of the Senate appropriations committee in 1939 Rodman was a member of the advisory budget commission. He said that on the Inspection tour the following year he dreaded in advance the thought of having to visit the orthopedic institution. He was so surprised and pleased with what he saw, that 14 years later when as chairman of the 1953 House finance committee he again made the Inspection trip, he looked forward with pleasurable anticipation to the Gastonia visit. And was not disappointed.

Customary Bit Of Ootimism

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By RALPH ROBEY

It is customary in a state of the unitm message for the President to be optimistic. After all, he is reporting upon his owTi leadership and the accomplishments of his Administration. It also is usual for this message to give. In general terms what is hoped for in the coming year. President Kennedy followed this pattern completely in this, his first real. State of the Union message.

There has been endless discussion and speculation in Washington for many weeks as to what the message would contain. Overall, these predictions were good, although they missed a few points. Most important of the latter was in connection with tariff reduc-Uon, which we shall comment oh a little later.

On ta.xes, which will be the first bill taken up by the Ways and Means Committee, the President recommended a tax credit of 8 percent on new investment in machinery and equipment. Beyond this he apparently Is still holding to the remainder of his suggestions of last year. Including a change In the treatment of foreign investment earnings and withholdings of the taxes on dividends and interest. He also said he will ask for stand-by authority to reduce the income-tax rate on personal Income. This is to be used as an anti-recession measure. The Congress is quite jealous of it* power in the field of taxation, and it is dubious that it will grant such discretionary power to the

President. -

Federal aid to educatl(m is recommended again. This was stopped In the House Rules Committee in the past session. There has been talk that the aid bill this year will be limited to the college level, thereby skirting the controversy of helping private primary and secondary schools. The President gave no indication in his message as to whether he would be willing to accept such a compromise.

An ardent plea was made for health Insurance for our elder citizens through the Social Security System. This measure also has to clear the Ways and Means Committee. In the first session of this Congress there was a most vigorous controversy on this suggestion and opponents of the Idea will fight just as hard this year. Whether they again can be successful is an open question.

As expected the President

munist movement has not conquered so large a part of the Earth without a purpose, a plan, a method of operation. Excitement is no answer. What is required is cold study of problems. Those who rush into efforts, without knowledge or background but with enthusiasm and excitement, usually are so ridiculous that they assist the Communists and their allies to make headway.

Eugene Lyons has written an article for the New Guard, the publication of the Young Americans for Freedom on the subject of Anti-Communism and the Radical Right which is thoughtful and significant and which separates his expert thinking from the nonsense of those who raise huge sums of money to fight communism without knowing what it is and how it is to be fought. Lyons cites an example of the absurdities that develop among those who speak without study:

Recently I heard a local Louisiana politician, on TV, inveigh against integration by Federal edict. Right or wrong, that was his privilege. But when he went on to denounce the whole business as a Moscow-engineered plot, hq was indulging in crude and dangerous demagoguery. The fact that the communists seek to

Other Editors Saying... ,ets Hope Chart Gooc.

(Raleigh Times)

East Carolina College will have more athletic scholarships than the Carolinas Conference permits. In explaining that stand, ECC President Dr, Leo W. Jenkins said: We feel we are not over-emphasizing our athletic program, but merely trying to get where we belong in view of our size and plans for the future.

Well. It would be entirely in order to wish Dr. Jenkins well in his trip down the path to athletic greatness, a point which he describes as where

promised a balanced budget ECC belongs in view of its size

for the next fiscal year. The only tax increase he mentioned was a rise in postal rates, and since he also pledged a federal-pay-reform bill, it Is quite possible that the Congre.ss will enact higher"postal rates. No Indication was given as to the level at which the budget will be balanced.

Originally It had been expected that extension of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act would be the first business of the Ways and Means Committee. This has now been put in second or third place and may (Ck)ntlnued on Page 5)

and plans for the future. It would be well to hope for him, too, that he has a real chart of the various submerged reefs, and other hazards to educational navigation which are

known to lurk along the path to athletic greatness.

Some heads of other colleges which have happily sniffed the primroses down such paths could give him a real earful if he wanted to hear It. They could tell him that emphasis can get out of hand a lot easier than it can be brought back under control. They could tell him that it would be a lot easier to go easy on emphasis than It would be to have to suddenly do a lot of de-emphasizing.

Dr. Jenkins and East Carolina may wind up on the top of the athletic heap without any trouble and without any of the heartaches and heartbreaks which have beset some others who set out with athletic greatness In mind. Lets hope so.

exploit any difficulties in free countries, including racial conflicts, does not make them the authors of every crisis.

The Extreme Right is, of course, necessarily anti-Com-munist. It may also be serving some cause which could be subversive. It is necessary to analyze purposes and statements, When, for instance, it is discovered that the language of a Rightist organization is anti-Semitic, or anti-Negro or anti-labor union it is necessary to discover which is the motivating force, opposition to Communism or opposition to something else. And it must be discovered whether this is an idealistic cause or a moneymaking proposition. Those who accept money from one group to give the impression that they favor another cause, are wreckers who cannot be trusted and should be exposed.

Lyons says:

Conservatism includes anti-communism, but anti-conununism decidedly does not include conservatism. Its in a different frame of reference. Our purpose, it seems to me, should be to enlist all genuine enemies of communism in the common cause, however they may disagree on other matters.

But no movement can accept those who join a cause for no other purpose than to earn a living thereby. It was a trick of the Communists in the 1930s to get jobs for those who were willing to associate with them. John Garfield once told me that the first step on the ladder of success for him in Hollywood was to be invited to dinner by Charlie Chaplin. But that ought not to be enough. One ought to believe sincerely in a preed or oppose it sincerely and the first evidence of sincerity is the effort to be knowledgeable.

In this country, back in the 1920s and 1930s there was a group of anti-Communists, among them conservatives and liberals, Republicans and Democrats, Jews and Christians who took the unpopular stand and were plagued for their effort. They fought hard and at great sacrifice. Eugene Lyons was one of them. A younger generation which is being led astray by emotional opportunists ' and money-grubbers would be wise to read Lyons article and take guidance which comes from experience and wisdom.

Iresn

;i^etai'.

!rlecords

By ROGER BABSON 'baBSON park, Mass.,In my 1962 annual forecast for readers I predicted that retail trade Vill set fresh records during the new year. Not all economists are of the same mind on this matter, so I would like to point out my reasons for expecting historic highs in retail buying in 1962. Retailers from the largest to the smallest, irom the big cities to the tiny hamlets, could be affected by the developing trend.

MONEY EM BUYERS HANDS First off, it should be emphasized that workers earning-* have been climbing steadily ever since the depression of the 1930s. with only an occasional temporary correction. The gains over the past ten years have been continuously gratifying, bringing up the standard of living for the country as a whole. More and more people have had enough money to put aside in bank accounts, insurance, mutual funds, and other forms of investment.

Since the beginning of 1952, average weekly earnings as well as average hourly earnings have risen over 40 per cent. Even after tax deductions, the basic condition and morale of the wage earner has been steadily on the rise. To demonstrate that the uptrend is still strong. It should be noted that over the past twelve months hourly earnings have gone up 4 per cent, and weekly earnings 7 per cent. The rate, as you can see, is still very healthy. EARNING VS. LIVING COSTS The importance of the great boost in earnings is highlighted by the fact that, during the same period of time, the retail price of goods and services has edged upward at a far less rapid pace. The consumer pirce index of the Labor Department has, in fact, risen only a moderate 13 per cent during the past ten years. Over the past twelve months the gain has amounted to only 1 per cent, a far cry from the 7 percent rise In weekly earnings mentioned above.

I am proud indeed of our manufacturers and merchants who have thus succeeded in holding prices down while wages have been soaring ever higher. This is not an easy thing for them to do at a time, when the squeeze on profits is ever tighter, and when labor unions are persistently seeking new raises and more costly fringe benefits. But I am confident that astute tradesmen will be able to hold their heads above water successfully in 19^, at least partly because of the tremendous retail turnover that I anticipate.

LABOR FORCE EXPANDING

The labor force ha.s been growing steadily, and the families of that force are the nations buyers. While the unemployment problems has been a serious headache for the Administration, it has not affected selling seriously, except in a few one-industry localities such as, for Instance, coal mining centers. Detroit can be badly hurt during a recession or at model-changing time, but employees laid off over the longer term can gradually be absorbed by other industries spreading out

into previously all-auto sec

tions.

I look for a continuing expansion of the working force and of employment generally In

1961. Even the jobless rate,

which has been hovering around 7 percent for about a year, has suddenly begun to move lower, and now stands, seasonally corrected, at 6.1 percent. Government economists are reflecting more optimism. One insider, in fact, recently estimated that the unemployment rate may be down to 4.5 percent or even less by years end. At any rate, the current course of employment is now strongly upward, the trend for unemployment gradually lower.

BUYING PSYCHOLOGY POWERFUL The nervousness and doubt evident during the recession now seem to have given way. In considerable degree, to renewed courage and confidence with regard to domestic pros-(Coi^lnued on Page 6)

Sunday Closings Debate Returns

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS OPEN THE GATES What does prayer do?

Some people regard prayer as an attempt to persuade God to do something against His will. By prayer one is presumed to be able to overcome the divine reluctance to give us what we want. Or, it may be that we try to change Gods attitude towards something we particularly desire.

These, of course, are dlstort-fd and thoroughly false Ideas regarding prayer. The Bible assures us that God is love. His desire is always to pour upon us every' blessing we can receive. But' unfortunately we are often quite unprepared to receive Gods blessings. Furthermore, we may want things which are not right for us to have. Or we may want at a certain time something which God does not intend to give us

until later. ,

Prayer appears to do two things. In the first place, it leads us into a wiser state of mind. We come to know what, in the bottom of our hearts, we really want. Through prayer, our discernment is sharpened and deepened until we understand what is best for us. Furthermore, prayer feeds the soul, and let it always be re-

By ELMER ROESSNER

The Sunday closing issue, which has divided the United States and the original colonies lor 200 years, is flaring up again. It is provc^ing unions, employers and religionists into bitter battles. It has involved several faiths and has become entangled in the clash between department stores and discounters.

Demands arc being put forth In the 18 states whose legislatures convene this year for tough laws to prevent anybody selling anything except medicines and the like on Sundays. At the same time, in other states, city and county governments are being urged to enact Blue Laws or, as the case may

membered that the soul needs be, repeal Sunday closing leg-

feeding precisely as does the islatlon.

The situation is complicated

te that U opeithrliSM

and allows the blesslngrof Sod WHOS AGAINST WHOM?

to flow Into our lives. Those One clash is between Sabbath

who have seen the irrigation canals in desert areas Iteow what happens when water flows Into a section formerly arid.

Likewise our souls become lush and fruitful when the sluice gates are open and Gods spirit flows in upon us.

and Sunday observers. Those of the Jewish faith are opposed to business between sundown Friday and stindown Saturday. The Seventh Day Adventists and the Seventh Day Baptists regard Saturday, as a holy day and believe thera should be no busi

ness transacted on that day. These groups see nothing wrong with business on Sunday.

In general, those of the Jewish faith feel they are discriminated against if they are denied permission to do business on Sunday. They do not object to other stores doing business while their stores are closed on their Sabbath. But, In Justice, they feel that they should then be allowed to do business on Sunday.

The Rabbinical Council of America, meeting In New Jersey recently, called upon Governor Rockefeller of New York to fulfill his solemn pledge to the Jewish community of New York to use his influence to liberalize laws so that Jews could conduct business on Sundays.

DPARTMKNT-DISCOUNT

BATTLE

The situation has been confused by a struggle of department store owners to enforce prohibition of Sunday selling on discount operators. Department stores generally stay shut on Sunday: many dlsconters are open that day, especially those who flourish along highways.

The National Retail Merchants

Association recently reaffirmed its opposition to Sunday selling.

Tills brought vigorous rejoinders from non-member discount houses who said that Sunday openings are the only way to give low-incorae families an opportunity to shop at lower prices.

In this area, religion plays no part, because both the NRMA membership and discount operators include those who believe that Saturday or Sunday should be the Lords day. The conflict here is purely along economic lines, often with Jews and Adventists urging Sunday closing while members of the same faiths oppose it.

UNIONS TAKE STAND

Meanwhile, many unions have jumped Into the battle, opposing Sunday selling. Their reasons are neither religious nor connected with the department-store-discount house battle; they are opposing encroachments on the 40-hour week.

Unions demand time-and-one-half for sixth day work and double-Ume for seventh - day work. Most retailers are forced to split schedules to avoid overtime on a six-day operation.

But some employers are tempted to move out along highways, where unorganized suburban and rural help can be recruited and paid less than union scales for Saturday and Sunday worit.

A downtown store might well balk at the next rise in pay if It was losing sales to unor-gani^d, seven-day suburban competitors. ,

These criss-crossed fields of Interest will worsen as time goes on and the fight over Sunday closing will worsen as the months go on even though It does not approach the Mos-lem-European division in Algeria.

SHORT & SIGNIFICANT BUSINESS NEWS BULLETINS The worlds largest bowling center has been opened in Tokyo. equipped with American pln-spotters. . . .A Connecticut bakery is sealing bread wrappings with Civil Defense stickers, telling people how to survive so they can buy more bread. . . .More than 150 ideas for selling more shoes have been packaged by Fairchild Publications, New York, In a $1.26 booklet called 'Sales BuUden for Footwear Retailers.