WdntMA]r* Jftnaftrjr 17, 1962

Each Rate Hike More Than Offset

The administration is ready with another round of postal rate increases which will be placed betore Congress and pictured as at least a partial answer ^to the staggering deficit which the Post Office Department manages to deliver ^ery year.

An extra penny would be added to the cost of fi^ class stamps and upward adjustments would be made in rates for some other classes of postal matter. These increases are calculated to jump postal revenues by millions. And it is a good bet that even if Congress granted all the increases the

If the 20.Hour Week Comes

-WITHOT

hiked time and again, there have followed just as' consistently increases in postal expenditures which more than off-set the additional revenue. In this election year will Congress be just as inclined to boost expendituHs as they have seemed to be in other election years? Will emphasis be on more revenue and more spending rather than effecting savings in operations of the Post Office Department and other agencies of the government?

Congress, it seems to us, could bring about a reduction in the po^tlrt' deficit by insisting on more

ment would still be able to deliver red figures at the end of the next fiscal year.

In the past decade as postal rates have been

!Risk

!3ut

Is

Still

Small,

By LYNN NISBET

CONTINGENCY ~ There -%! nothing unusual about the fact that Governor Terry Sanford and Secretary^ State Thad Eure rode together to Richmond last Saturday to attend the tnauguraUon d Governor Harrison, n was a routine experience and nothing unusual happened. But

But if the car or plane in wblcli they were riding had been wrecked and all passengers killed which all too tragically is also becoming routine North Carolina would have been wttlgnit a Govwmor and without any established process for oMainlng one. The l^te constituti(m prescribes that in event of the Governor bec(mng Inci^acitated for any reason the Lieutenant Governor shall assume the office. In case both the Governor and Lieutenant Governor are incapacitated, the secretary of state shall convene the Senate for the election of a president, who shall assume the duties of governor. There is no. further pro-visicm for succession to the top office.

North Carolina does not have a Lieutenant Governor now, since the death of Cloyd Phil-pot some four months ago. If the Governor and the secretary of state should both be knocked wit, chaos In State government might result.

Most constitutional lawyers agree that in such circumstances the previously elected pr^l-dent or president pro tern of Uie senate probably would take over as chief executive. It Is cwicedcd that his assumption of authority might be challenged.

These considerations add to many others in support of the beltef that the vacancy In the office <rf Lieutenant Governor should be flUed as quickly as possible. U present cwisUtu-tlcmal snd statutory provisions do not permit an election this year, a large segment of pub-Bc opinlwi thinks the rules should be changed so that prolonged vacancy conld not exist in the future.

A Risk

he said; was nice meeting you. Mr. Coley, and I certainly appreciate your support. Wait a minute, said Coley, *T Just promised to vote

for you. If ywi want me to

support* you, wed better go by the tflce.

That is a distinction a number of new entrants into poli

tics are discovering long about now.

administration is seeking, the Post Office Depart- economical operations ^that would not appreciably

ij _lmi 1.- .... . affect the calibre of service now being given by the

Post Office Department. If, on the other hand, Congress determines the requested increases in postal rates are essential to reduce the deficit, it should be just as determined that subsequent increases in expenditures by the Department should not more than off-set the additional revenue as has been the case in the past.

In the past the postal rate increases have done very little toward achieving the goal of reducing the net deficit of the Post Office Departments annual operations.

Rumblings Expectable In Any New Changes

Army reorganization proposals made by President Kennedy already brought indications of resentment among some of the top brass, which is typical of every move since World War II to streamline military organization in the United States.

The reorganization proposal eliminates some of the traditional offices in the Army and creates two - new commands. It will leave the present Army general staff largely in a planning and policy-making role.

Unless they are vetoed within 30 days by Congress the changes will become effective, although it will take some 18 months to complete the transition.

There have been growing indications in recent years that a greater streamlining of Army commands is needed to enable the military to cope with changing international conditions and with new military concepts. There have been a number of changes in the make-up of lower echelons within the Army, development of new types of forces and the like in recent years. It seems wise that, following the course of making the military more readily able to meet emergency conditions, a reorganization at the top level should also be had.

According to spokesmen for proponents of the reorganization measure, it has been under consideration for some time and diverging viewpoints have been thoroughly aired. It appears, nevertheless, that there is still in store the traditional struggle between the various commands to perpetuate themselves. These in all probability will come to the fore again as Congress considers the proposals.

From the broad view, the reorganization appears to offer advantages which far outweigh its disadvantages, and if that is the cse, it certainly should be made effective in spite of the objections of some top military' men who may disagreefor one reason or another with the proposed changes.

Similarity In Two 1st Years

Faith

/

CUTTtNGPAy 0'COR$E THEVLL TO HIRE SOMEONE TO HEJ.P KEEP P PRonOCTtONy

LOOK vwhOthe'Hei.per" wiuu be /

DISTTNCnON As Candida's are beginning to formulate campaign strategy, one of the chief problems is money. Every year elections become more expensive. The outright bujrlng of votes has never been extensive in North Carolina, and most observers think the practice has declined in recent years But advertising and printing, precinct workers, and other entirely legal aspects of campaigning have become very costly.

'That is why candidates solicit more than votes from their eonstltutents. Which calls to mind the story about Hmry Coley In Richmond county soma yetrs ago. Coleys influence was recognized by everybody Who knew Rlchnxmd county politics, and out-of-county candidates also sought his help. One day an up-state candidate came by and had a very satisfactory talk with Henry he thought. As he started to drive away

WHOLE Numerous similarities and parallels havT been cited in the Kennedy national and the Sanford state administrations. One point of similarity has not been emphasized, although in some respects It is very significant. That is the basic recogniticm that despite factions and cliques, and some- times apparent favoritism sho\\Ti persaial friends, both men accept obligation to all the people not just to one segment.

President Kennedy is a member of the Roman Catholic church. It was argued during the campaign that he would be subser\'ient to the Pope and the Cardinals and would put the wishes of churchmen ahead of the good of the country. Among his bitterest critics now are these Catholic prelates who resent the Presidents attitude of Federal aid for parochial schools.

Governor Sanford is a member of the order of Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, which refuse to recognize or associate with a Masonic order of the Negro race. It is also true that the Catholics and the Masons have DO dealings with each other. So when Governor Sanford accepted invitation to make a speech at a meeting of the Negro Masons he was soundly berated by some of his brethren In his own order. The Governor explained that he was not speaking as a Mason, but as the chief executive of all the people, w'hlte and black Masons, Catholics and protestants, Democrats and Republicans.

It is difficult for some people to make distincti<m between the personal and official acts of men with varied duties. Terry Sanford Is a very prominent Methodist, and holds high official position in some Methodist institutions. When he attends those meetings, he does not go as Governor, but as a Methodist. And when he goes to his office in the capitol, he does not go as a Methodist or a Mason, but as Governor of all the people.

The late Governor Gregg Cherry made this distinction when Governor Strom Thurmond of South Carolina came to Raleigh during his 1948 campaign as the State Rights canidate for President. Cherry completely ignored him. Any Ume the Governor of South Carolina or any other state comes to North Carolina in that capacity I will show him every courtesy and honor of which I and the State may be capable. When he comes as a politician, seeking to defeat the party which represents majority of North Carolinians, he Is on his own.

By DON SCHLIENZ

"ts Free: Its Waitina

It is free.

It was prepared with you in mind.

Youd do better to have one than not have one in the case of emergencies it is designed to meet.

What is it?

The new government booklet of suggestions and advice on matters pertaining to civil defense.

A copy can be picked up at the Post Office. (Sorry, one to a customer.)

I acquired one to see if anything new had been added to the old OCDM manuals; to learn if things were better or worse than depicted six months ago.

This pocket - size 48-pagc booklet doesnt pretend to give all the answers, but It does seem to have a little mor stability and less extremism than its forebears.

Sensationalism is avoided, a matter-of-fact approach to the more common exigencies is indicated.

Yes, there are directions for a relatively low-cost fall-out shelter. But there is other information that should be kept available on a kitchen shelf or in a den . . . just in case, you know'.

Twenty-five miilioai copies

of the pamphlet were printed by the government, and its up to the Individual family to see they get one.

Most people today feel the heat is off on the nuclear war fear. So do I. At the same time, it can be turned on again any time.

When one knows what to do. or has at hand some informed advice on what to do in the event of an unexpected emergency. there Is less likelihood of getting rattled or panicking. In the long view, panic is about as bad as anything else that could happen in a national emergency.

Firemen, policemen, rescue squad men . . . they continuously study and drill to cope with the unexpected.

Civil Defense doesnt require that of the average^ family ... just a knowledge' of what ypu can do in a pinch, and what contingencies you might conceivably face.

Get a book.

Tell them its wet, that even dogs have enough sense to stay under cover and smart birds have gone South . . .

and you are an unreasonable tyrant.

Tell them that three sweaters, boots and a hood and gloves cant keep out the biting chill; that their noses will turn pink (and run, as well), that their fingers will hurt with the cold, and their toes, too; tell them they run the risk of catching pneumonia, a virus, the sniffles; tell them the ice is slippery, and as sure as shootin they are going to fall down . . . hard and with all this advice based on years of experience in a cold, cruel world, what do they want?

They want to get out In the

snow.

In addition to guarantees of the right to pursue happiness, each Tar Heel child seems to claim the right to get out in the snow (when it snows) and chill their toes, their fingers and nose, to the freezing point.

The Daily Reflector

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) - After a bumpy first 12 months both Presidents Kennedy and Eisenhower headed into their second White House year in a kind of temporary tw'ilight between afternoon and evening storms.

This was reflected Mixiday in Kennedys first news conference of 1962. Neither the questions nor answers had a jumpy sense of tension. As news conferences go, Mondays was pretty dull.

It was much the same on Jan. 13 eight years ago when Eisenhower had his first 1954 meeting with the press.

Both men in their first year had been through a grinding chopper. Worse was to come for Eisenhower as it certainly W'ill for Kennedy. The mid-January doldrums for both were an illusion of quietude.

In 1933 Eisenhower had brought the Korean War to an end but the battle between his administration and Sen. Joseph McCarthy already had begun,

Eisenhower in 1953 didnt have as much to worry about from Russia as Kennedy does now. It wasnt until late summer of 1953 that Russia had its first hydrogen explosion. It didnt have missiles then, either.

That very difference was at the root of Kennedys most critical problem in 1%1: how to keep Russia from taking over Berlin without getting Into war.

Both men, by the time they

had held their first news conference in January of their second year, had already delivered to Congress the outline of their second years program in their State of the Union message.

There was a similarity between these messages. Much of both was routine although both suggested pushing the countrys welfare programs forward a bit.

The response both men got from Congress could hardly be called overwhelmingly enthusiastic, particularly on Eisenhowers ideas about a new farm program and Kennedys plea for tariff-cutting powers.

Both men delivered their messages at the beginning of a congressional election year. That explained, but only in part, the mixed reaction they got from Democrats and Republicans.

Kennedy, despite W'hat looked like a great zest for news conferences when he took office, has lagged behind Eisenhower w'ho made less 'to-do about them.

It was only a few weeks after Eisenhower's first and unexciting news conference of 1954 that his administrations knock-down-drag-out fight with McCarthy really got under way.

Kennedy at this time can only guess at what is in store for him. He knows he will have some more difficulty with Premier Khrushchev. He doesnt know how much. He doesnt know what may explode In Asia.

Other Editors Saying... Should Become One City

(Goldsboro News Argus)

The best thing that could happen for the progress of Carteret County and tlie mid-central beach country would be for Morehead City and Beaufort to incorporate as one city.

The jealousy, the fighting, the bitterness between the two Carteret towns puts the brakes on business, industry, culture, education and everything else.

The continual looking with jealousy one towm at the other sets up a climate in which the full potential of a wonderful area cannot be realized.

If Morehead City and Beaufort had been pulling together on this most Important decision on site for a new bridge connecting the towns, that bridge would have been built long ago. It would have been built at a site which opened the way for; a new period of industrial growth and freed the State Port at Morehead and Beaufort to make the most of an unexcelled location. Here the state for its people and its business Interests has a good deep water port within two miles of one of the busiest ocean truck lanes in the East. That port is just beginning to come into Its own. Its growth will be well bottled up if a new bridge hems it In or fails to provide space

for passage of ships of the largest size.

More immediately and regrettable is the current difference between Morehead and Beaufort over where a new county hospital shall be built. Bonds for the hospital were authorized months ago. But jealousy between the two towns has delayed a start and seen factions fighting with such bitterness that the whole county scene Is handicapped.

And all this is all so childish and illogical. Morehead and Beaufort are one and the same except for the Newport river separating them. They complement each other. Together they add up to one of the most inviting coastal areas anywhere. Beaufort has its green and ancient charm and a good back country trade as weU as sizable industry. Morehead has greater variety with Its beach and fishing attractions predominating. Both towns could realize more on their special potentials if they quit fighting each other and joined for fullest progress.

The cool heads of both towns should be able to see this. They should be able to harness a great new power and promise by incorporating the cities as one.

Dull routine, the colorless, the staid quality of conformity may be our lot; but they way Is lighted by imaginative bits and pieces.

Recent months have provided some flashes from an unexpected source . . . the once good and gray Saturday Evening post. That magazine has been a part of the family since childhood and of late has seen a degree of rejuvenation unlikely among mortals.

For instance, there was the Adventures Of The Mind series which heralded an injection of hormones. This was followed by the new look and addition of the Speaking Out department . . . which is my new love.

In this, one may read of debunking baseball as the national pastime, a defense of the cocktail hour, a broadside at conformity, essays on danger on the right and left.

Ones reaction, to any of this, is tinted by individual proclivities, still, the end result is a refreshing assault on the mind.

The Letters column of the current SatEvePost issue includes an even dozen comments on a Speaking Out article I somehow missed last month, and my curiosity has been roused to the boiling point.

Subject: Lets Put Women In Their Place.

Now theres a writer wearing the mantle of a hero or a blithering idiot . . . and quite probably interesting reading.

Quote

Pity that generation which is so dependent that when it goes to the dogs, it expects the dogs to meet it halfway. Wakefield (R.I.) Times.

in me Future

By GEORGE E- SOKOI^KY Copyright. 1962. King Features Syndicate,. Inc.

It is lntere.stlng to study a recent poll taken at Yale concerning the Cold War. The students differ from the President, who Is more optimistic. The ri:u-dents get a side-glance view of the picture, but what they say is not to be Ignored. For instance. the Yale boys answer thus:

Which side is gaining In the Cold War?

10 per centU. S. and the

75 per celitRussia and the Communist bloc

11 per centNeither

4 per centDont know.

The Presidents State of the Union speech has the United States way ahead In the Cold War, although a year ago we were behind. His data is conclusive and encouraging. The students could not know until the President told them what he had done to achieve such a result as this:

But our strength may be tested at many levels. We Intend to have at all times the capacity to resist non-nuclear, or limited, attacks as a complement to our nuclear capacity, not as a substitute.

Thus we have doubled the number of ready combat divisions in the Armys Strategic Reserve, increa.sed our troops In Europe, but up the Marines, added new sealift and airlift capacity, modernized our weapons and ammunition, expanded out antlgiierrilla forces and Increased the active fleet by more than seventy vessels and our tactical Air Forces by nearly a dozen wings.

Maybe the President should have spoken earlier because what he says Is what the students want to hear. It is heartwarming that our young people are neither discouraged nor frightened. In fact, we are ready to meet the problems that face us. These Yale ques- tions and answers are exciting;

In regard to the overall military strength of the two blocs, do you think that the U. S. Is:

2 per centMuch stronger than Russia 38 per centStronger than Russia

15 per cent Weaker than Russia

0Much weaker than Russia 7 per centDont know Should the U. S. become more aggressive in the Cold War?

86 per centYes,

Anyone who listened to President Kennedys speech cannot possibly assume that he believes that the United States is weaker than Soviet Russia. In fact, every statement he made gave the prospect and the hope that we can meet every obstacle that Soviet Russia places In our path. We are ready to meet Russianot to wait for others to lead. The President agrees with the students that 1962 is the time. *

It is interesting that when older generations are questioned, they express fear of another war; the younger people, who have to give their lives in any war to come, do not fear war. They fear only the loss of freedom. It grows increasingly clear that youth in this country has moved far away from the Communist propaganda of the 1930s. Although it is too early and too optimistic to believe that the Communist effort In the United States has utterly failed, it is correct to believe that the Communists no longer are making headway.

Youth has gone conservative as compared to the 1930s. The danger is that it may be misled by reactionaries who are a wild peril to any nation, as great a peril as the Communists. Nevertheless there is hope that the reactionaries will be met as effectively as the Communists have been. Under the Presidency of John F. Kennedy, it is to be hoped that a conservative realism will rescue this nation from the menace of reaction. At any rate, one battle seems to have been won; we shall not lose the other.

This the Yale survey makes clear. In the 1930s and 1940s the response to the identical questions would not have been the same. In fact. Yale was one of the universities where conservatives found themselves unwelcome. The ghost of Hitler lay like a shroud over the minds of teachers and students alike. This attitude is nowYess- ened If not gone.

In some universities the attitude is one of Indifference, of apathy, of resentment at wasted years because of war and (Continued on Page 5)

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Strength

By EARL L. DOUGLASS MIND AND BODY

The world today appears to be fascinated by the study of psychology and psychiatry. A genen^tion ago Johnny, if he could not read, was taken by the ear, set down on a chair, and sternly asked by his parents How come? Today he is whisked off to a psychiatrist. Mothers read books on psychology. Corporation presidents call in psychologists to consult with the board of directors. Your boy or girl gets Into college now If the I.B.M. machine tape has certain perforations, and is rejected if it does not. AH of which, although definitely mechanical, is based upon certain capacities which the perforations are supposed to repre.sent.

Psychology is undoubtedly a mar\elous branch of knowledge and without it the world would be infinitely poorer. But we

For

Today Under Seige By The Lobbyists

can go daffy about almost everything, (even religiwi), and this generationappears to have gone daffy over psychology and psychiatiy.

We claim no authority In any branch of knowledge, and particularly not In any of the sciences, but we venture the prediction that some years hence the craze will be not for phychology but for physi-ol(^y.

In other words, we are going

to appreciate the fact that everything that happens to us haa a physical cause or produces a physical effect. We may face the grim possibility of entering an age when there will be pills for everything, (which is almost true today). But certainly the fact that we are physical beings Is going to play an increasingly important role in many of our conclusions in the future.

By ELMER ROESSNER Washington is surrounded. Its defenses are infiltrated. The Administration may not hold out.

The besiegers are not the British, who once burned the White House and chased the squirrels from the lawn, nor the Confederates who once harassed the outskirts of the capital.

Now the capital Is completely surrounded by lobbyists. They have taken over most of the blg-name hotels and have occupied most of the better motels.

Many of the lobbyists are there to fight against giving President Kennedy power to lower tariffs. They represent industries not dependent on exports for sales. They do not want cheaply made Japanese or European components sent Into the United States without heavy, searing duties. SEEKING IX B^AKS An almost equailf large con

tingent of lobbyists want business taxes reduced whether done by the hand of John F. Kennedy or by Congressional action.

They are sweet-talking to Congressmen, holding parties and doing their best to create the feeling that what the economy needs to soar are wings cut from tax savings. Among the objectives:

1. A speed-up of depreciation allowances for production machinery. Last year the Kennedy Administration reduced the depreciation of textile machinery by one-third to one-half -previous schedules. This was Intended to encourage the industry to replace old equipment, Now lobbyists for almost every other industry are arguing that the faster depreciation be extended. The familiar contention: each Industry cannot afford to replace old machinery because It haa not yet accumu

lated tax savings to pay for replacements.

2. A tax credit for new Investment in business property. A bill already Introduced would give companies an 8 per cent tax credit for money spent on new equipment.

3. Maintaining status quo on the taxation of foreign subsidiaries. The 'Treasury has presented proposals for greater taxation of earnings of foreign subsidiaries, and lobbyists for many companies with subsidiaries abroad would like to see action on these postpo(ned.

4. Taxation of co-operatives. Private corporations are taxed on the net amings; co-operative generally are not. Retailers would like to .see this situation changed, but lobbying may be in vain. The co-ops have lobbies too.

3, New laws to restrict state taxation of interstate companies. Recent Supreme Court de

cisions have given states latitude In taxing out-of-state companies doing business inside states. As a result, out-of-state ^companies say they could be taxed as much as 105 per cent of their earnings. A strong lobby will ask Congress to reassert its powers under the Constitution and vigorously regulate traffic between the states.

6. No postage rate increase. This lobbying drive may be the most vigorous of all, since so many Interests are involved, ranging from giant corporations to smallest businesses.

However, as things Idbk now, the best the opponents can win is a postponement. With all other costs going upand Inflation stalking those least able to meet itIt Is certain that higher postal rates are only a matter of time.

For that matter, higher iJrio-es for what you sell (or buy) are also only a matter of time.