Saturday, January S, 1962

Working Against Natl Policies

5eems Too Good to Pass Up

It isnt easy to understand how the name of Moise Tshbmbe figures in the announcement of a rally for Young Americans for Freedom next March.

Its even more difficult to rationalize planned presentation of an award to the embattled Ka-tangan people for their courageous stand against communism and their continued fight for freedom. For months it has been our impression that

Tshombe had been only fighting authority of the Congolese government and United Nations forces.

Katanga soldiers might possibly have had a skirmish or two with adherents of Antoine Gizenga (believed to follow the Communist line), but even that is unlikely. The Gizenga admirers are relatively few and too poor to wander afield as yet.

* standard-bearer in any kind of defense coMGo*s TSHOMit against communism, the

Katangan doesnt show any more qualities than you could find on a dozen street^ corners . . . the equivalent, perhaps, of w'ater holes,

in Africa. .

That continued fight for freedom bit is also

confusing.

Sizeable Switch

in 1 he i ax Loaa

Bt LYNN NISBET

revenue -- Collections of State revenue during the first SIX roooths of the current 1%1-S2 fiscal year closely appMxl-mated the estimates made when the revenue act was adopted last June. The increase of ten and a half million dollars in general fund receipts is attributed to the higher rates and broader coverage of the general sales and use tax. In fact, the sales tax yielded $18 million more than for the previous comparable period, but the income tax take dropped off about $8 million. There was no change In the income rate. There is a matter for serious thought in this situatiMi. On the surface it would seem to reflect higher living costs, greater spending by individuals out of less income. The withhtiding plan for collecting income taxes affords continuing cwnpanson, rather than having to wait for end of the tax year as was the case prior to 1999. The running month-by-month comparison is accurate for individual wage earners. The system of advance estimating and quarterly paying by corporations and professional people still leaves final comparisons until next year.

There Is also delay in Impact on reports of the sales taxes collected. None of the Christmas business, for example, was included in sales taxes coming in-, to the State offices In December. This big increase will be reflected in January and February reports. Prospects are that the sales tax yield for the first three months of 1962 will far exceed the take for the final quarter of 1961.

WHO PAYS? An interesting note on the switch in the tax load is found by comparing Income and sales tax receipts for the July 1-December 31 period of 1960 and 1961. In 1960 the income tax held top place, as it has for many years, and amounted to about $16 million more than the sales tax yield. For 1961 the situation was reversed and the sales tax yielded about $10-5 million more than the Income tax.

challenge Governor Banford was asked at his news conference the other day what be regarded the greatest challenge of 1962 to North Carolina. His answer obviously surprised some of the newsmen. He mentioned several things such as the challenge to raise the standard of living by increasing income; to assure more jobs for more people, better health for

everybody. But he emphasized that the greatest challenge to North Carolina is the same as to the United States and to all our people, and that is to continue to provide progressive leadership.

The significant words there are continue and progressive." Implication is that we have heretofore provided leadership and if we are to continue the role it must be on basis of moving forward. In that connection It is noted that former Governor Hodges and Governor Sanford have both emphasized many, times that the rest of the south* the nation and the world are moving forward so that North Carolina must run like hell Just to stand still with respect to relative position. The challenge is to do more and better than that.

In accepting the challenge the Governor said North Carolina is now just in reach of doing the things that must be done to put our school system and other services at the top. He further emphasized that these things cannot be done by the impersonal State or by any department or official. Responsibility is upon each individual citizen.

POLICY SOUND - Governor Sanford sees no need for major change in the basic policies of ^North Carolina State government. He told newsmen he thinks continuing study of conditions and situations is essential to good government, along with frequent changes* in methods and practices. 'But the fundamental concepts upon which North Carolina was founded nd has progressed, and which have given this state the right to claim that here good government is a habit, are sound and should be maintained.

There were those a year ago who fearedand perhaps some who hopedthat Terry Sanford would seek many changes in the fundamental policies of State government. There is some reason to believe that he might have cherished some such idea. But after a years experience in the Governors office, a year in which that office and all of State government has been subjected to severe tests, his conclusion is that the basic structure is sound, the traditiona, policies are good, and that such changes as may be necessary or expedient for current situations should be made without seriously disturbing the basic philosophies upon which the State has been built.

The news reports weve been gretting are to the effect that Katangan ideas of freedom are limited to themselves and have nothing to do with the broad colonial areas, given independence by Belgiums government Thats selfish, in contrast with the freedom granted all of Belgian Congo.

A free Congo government, say authorities, cannot long exist unless all Its parts work together.'An economic fact of life, its called. And one of the obstacles to attaining the ideal of a free and united Congo republic . . . for lo, these several months . . . is none other than Moise Tshombe.

Somehow the garb of a hero does not become him.

But what of the other figures in this grandly conservative-rally in Madison Square Garden?

Speakers will include Senators Barry Goldwater and John Tower. Otherwise, identity of the Young Americans for Freedom is obscure. But that is no ground for distrust or un-ease.

The objectionable feature of the proceedings is that it is the stated policy of the United States government to support unification of the Congo republic. To implement that policy, our State Department has worked to coax unity and to coerce unity, if need be.

In short, it has been determined that it is in our national interest to have a unified and stable govem-4 ment for the former colony. Achieving that goal has its own peculiar mess of problems, some greater than Tshombe.

There are enough inherent difficulties without creating new ones or regenerating old ones; but this Madison Garden rally raises a strong possibility of encouraging Tshbmbe to persist in his problem-making, encouraging him to think he holds a high place in esteem of many American citizens and influential figures in government.

Without stretching the point too far, one might make a case of violating that law which forbids private citizens from meddling in matters of foreign affairs.-

Now, If The Elections Were In Mid-April--

Operations. of the House Apprepriations Committee would seem to have fallen into a rut.

Or, maybe its the other way around: the Administrations budget-writers are in a rut.

Anyhow, Chairman Clarence Cannon has promised (before seeing the subject) that the new budget will be cut.

Such a statement encourages suspicions that (a) it is the Committes acknowledged duty to cut for the sake of cutting, or (b) the budget-w^riters have an obligation to pad the figures before presenting them, to insur^getting the necessary sums.

Othpr than this observation, well go along with the rest of Rep. Cannons thinking.

The national debt does keep getting bigger; interest payments are becoming a matter of serious concern; something is going to have to be done.

The question of when and how fiscal insanity can be terminated in government is still up in the air. We venture to guess it will not come until a sufficiently large enough number of worried voters go to the polls and make themselves heard.

One doesnt find many people really concerned about federal government finances these days. But their ranks will grow, if only temporarily, as April 15 approaches.

Not A Year For

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McNiujjht Sjmdicate.

By HENRY HOWARD ,

Neal Blessing For Some

Greenvilles exp>eriinental plan for revamping the local parking system (to be tested on one block of Fifth Street) may turn out to be a real blessing for some drivers.

We were watching one of the lady motorists around here the other day trying with all her might to fit her old bus within the 24 feet now allowed for each parallel parking space in the city.

On occasions, one of the 24-foot spaces is lengthened for practical purposes when adjacently-parked autos leave extra room for movement.

More than likely, however, whenever theres only one parking space left (and this is al^ usually the best that can ce reasonably expected when a driver is looking for one), its only reasonable to expect that a maximum of 24 feet of space will be available.

This particular lady we observed was having a heck of a time guiding her long black

sedan frontwards and backwards over and over again.

The object of it all, of course, was to get the right side of the car far enough out of the street to preserve the gleaming lacquer finish for at least one more shopping expedition.

3he really wrestled with that power-steering wheel. She stayed at the task for what seemed like at least 15 minutes. Finally a Sir GaUahad standing nearby offered her services. The damsel in distress gladly and quickly accepted and took up her position on the curb to watch a professional job.

She was all smiles. She watched in pleasure feeling certain that the bumpers of the cars front and aft had been rescued just in time. On top of that, she obviously felt, her. car would soon be safely parked . . . and out of the street.

That would have been a happy ending to the little escapade. But it really was a long, long black sedan and there really

Other Editors Saying... Don Quixote Still Active

rlaDDy numans

The DaOy Reflector

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) This year has begun in reassuring fashion for anyone worried that mankind might be getting soft or inclined to let reason prevail over force and animal instinct.

On New Years Day 30 people were injured in a Reno riot when police tried to break up a teen-age kissing spree,. 3 were killed in a Portuguese revolt and 12 were killed in Algerian riots which continued and by today had taken 72 lives.

The most heartening thing about all this, for those concerned that human muscle might get flabby from disuse, is that every day somewhere in 1962 some people will get killed keeping muscles in ^ shape.

The Indonesian government, for instance, is threatening to take West New Guinea from the Dutch by armed force, if necessary: the government of Iraq is ready lo snatch Kuwait; the Indians are telling the Red Chinese and the PaklstanLs to back off Indian land; the Berlin situation may turn very nasty; Laos is split: Viet Nam is plagued by Communist guerrillas; this week Fidel Castro was just as noisy and noisome as ever; French President Charles de Gaulle doesnt know what the Secret Army may do to him; the Congo is far from settled; and the United Nations has fallen into some disrepute.

The one-time colonial people, like India, Egypt and Ceylon, who screamed in pain and protest against the use of force when it was used against them by the British, feel no pain at all when one of them, India, uses force to grab a little real estate like Portugue.se Goa. In the U. N.. Egypt and Ceylon refuse to rebuke India.

And Russia, the biggest colonial power of modern times, wouldnt rebuke India, either, which is a kind of you-scratch-my-backartd IU-scratoh-yours bit of diplomacy since now India can hardly rebuke Russia in the U. N, for any new Soviet adventures.

About the only consolation the rest of mankind can take from the Goan invasion by Prime Minister Nehru India l.s that they probably wont have to Us-tem to his pious pi^eachments In the future when some nation uses brass-knuckles instead of brains. Hell hardly have the gall to try the holier-than-thou tuff again..

Congress will want to examine .the U.N., that world organization whose primary purpose is

peace although some of its biggest members, like Russia and Prance, dont want to pay what they owe to keep it in operation.

It seems safe to predict there will be a lot of congressional indignation about the U. N., but little action, since there is hardly enough national feeling for the United States to pull out of the world organization. So long as the U. N. lasts, it at least gives some of mankind an excuse to say there is a chance that reason and morality might prevail some day.

Without it. the nations could revert to their pre-U.N. international cannibalism without even a pretense that mankind had made a little progress.

Although it may be hard for the squeamish to reconcile themselves to the thought, the presence of the U.N, wont pre-. vent cannibalism among nations altogether. At most it probably can only dull the appetite a bit.

The grand Illusion as the events of all the previous generations showed and the events of 1962 are bound to demonstrate anew Is that man is a little more civilized than he used to be.

Five thousand years from now, if theres a man Ibft, one of our descendants, looking back on his ancestors of the 1960s who spent so much time talking about brains, will probably say: Why, they just came down out of the trees.

The nice thing about that, of course, is that nobody around now will be around to hear him.

Opinions In Bri

If you haven't a leg to .stand oil its .smarter not to kick,Waterloo Iowa Courier.

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

It has been the practice of some officials in the Northern states to cast Southern legal processes and laW* enforcement authorities in a bad light. This is especially true where cases of prison escapees are concerned, escapees who are .seeking to escape extradition. The excuses they employ often border on the fantastic. Such is the recent case of two escapees from a North Carolina prison camp.

Their attorney had used some pretty strong language in trying to offer excuses for keeping his two clients from serving their terms in the Tar Heel camp. This attorney probably hasnt inspected conditions in North Carolinas prison system and is merely going by what the two escapees told him a story not likely to be noted for its objectivity.

Lets look at what this attorney told Gov. John Notte of Rhode Island, in an appeal to keep the two escapees out of North Carolinas vile clutches. Fhrst this attorney calls the Tar Heelprison the dungeons of hell He also charges brutality, and prays that these fellow human beings be spared the pangs of torture.

He must thiifk. Gov. Notte is indeed a naive fellow to fall for such a Une. Says this attorney: We urge the denial of extradition because we deplore a .system of punishment that has no foundation in rational behavior^

that has no lawful purpose and which condems a man to the dungeons of hell. What kind of talk Is' that? Speaking of rational behavior, we question that of a man who could attack the system of another state merely on the sayso of a couple of convicts.

In reply to these irresponsible and tiresome charges Robert A. Allen, assistant director of the North Carolina Prison System, said the attorneys charges were so utterly ridiculous they are hardly worth commenting on, Allen points out, nd with sound reasoning, that if conditions in the North Carolina prison system were the way William Grande, the attorney, described them, the two fugitives would never have escaped in the fir.st place. .

He said the prison camp where the two were confined is a minimum security unit. Prisoners from the camp who work on the roads are sent out without armed guards and that is why it was so easy for them to escape. North Carolinas record in penology both sectionally and nationally is such as to refute these false and ridiculous charges.

It is tiresome to read so often of some crusading attorney or some other Don Quixote up North attacking the windmills of Southern justice which, in most cases, is as sound and just as that in any other section, and that includes Rhode Islands

w'asnt an inch more than the 24 feet of space left for maneuvering.

If there was any difference in the performance of the two, the Sir Gallahad had the roughest experience.

The sad ending to the story was that te disappointed lady, after circling several blocks several times to find that parking place, had no choice but to abandon her fiiid.

To make matters worse, as she was pulling away to begin her search for a more accessible parking space, a compact car screeched to a halt and whipped backward into the parking space in three seconds flat.

Perhaps an alternative to making more room for each parking space would be a requirement that everybody drive compacts.

Strength. For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS

WE CAN AVOID THIS TROUBLE

More than three-quarters of a million people die each year of heart trouble. Fifty-four per cent of all deaths are due to the ravages of this disease.

Apparently there is more of it today than in the past. Probably modem life, the pace at w'hich we live, has something to do with this tremendous upsurge of fatality. In fact, medical science assures us that In the circumstances of our daily routine we determine whether we will or will not die of heart disease. If we keep the engine running at full speed even when it is at neutral, then we can be sure of trouble. If we work more than the human body can take without protest, then we are getting ourselves mady for illness. If we work all day and spend the evenings, and often the nights, in exciting types of pleasure, then we can expect that someday there wiU be an explosion.

The body and mind must have restregular rest and complete rest. The peaceful mind is less liable to become involved in disagreeable heart situations, than is the fretting, angry, blustering. hating mind. Science is not able to put its finger on any one factor and call this decisive in the present heart situation. But emotions under control, diligent effort followed by re.st, careful eating habits, and a life motivated by religious faith and characterized by an eager sense of human helpfulness goes a long way toward the producing ' of heart health.

To Sit Idly By

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1961, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

It seems ridiculous to say that the United States cannot intervene in Cuban affairs when the country has intervened all over the world beginning with China and continuing in Africa and other places in Asia. We declined to intervene in Hungary but we are vidently intervening in the Congo; we refuse to intervene in Cuba but we violently intervene in tho Dominican Republic.

This inconsistency of policy. President Kennedy ^ inherited from his predecessors 'who have pursued a double standard, namely that they know how to support a good dictator and that they recognize by odor or something a bad dictator. It has worked out historically that they have consistently Intervened from Mao Tze-tung in China to the present situation in Laos, Katanga, the Dominican Republic and almost anywhere one looks.

If intervention is a fixed American policy, let us describe it and be consistent about it. And the description should be made by the President or the Secretary of State and not by novices in the lower ranks of the State Department or by Congressmen and Senators who buzz around the world Issuing pro-nunciamentoes to the press.

This looseness of statement and activity is not beneficial to the United States because there is no consistency of policy. If we take Cuba as an example, the policy concerning that country was manufactures by two minor officials, Roy Rubottom and William Wieland, during the Eisenhower Administration. The errors of these two are so notorious that they are becoming a major political question now under Congressional investigation. Every effort that is being made to avoid a public hearing of Wieland only creates more controversy and will undoubtedly lead to a political scandal.

Considering the serious problems that face the President and Secretary of State, neither should be burdened with the little scandals that arise out of the manoeuvres of lower officials to manipulate policy by day by day action. It is natural for insecure men to seek power and to grow upon it, but the country ought not to be burdened by such trivialities which grow into nuisances.

The only way to safeguard the United States from such situations is to form policy at the very top and to insist that all secondary officials conform to major decisions; that those in secondary offices who are by doctrine or emotions incapable of conftaining to top decisions be summarily dismissed. After-all, the people hold the President responsible and they do not expect him to pass the buck or to be burdened by those who take advantage of the current arrangements under the law.

For instance, William Wieland actually cannot be sent abroad ''because he is under investigation by a Congressional Committee; the State Deparmtnet. cannot quite fire him because he is a Foreign Service Officer and has tenure; it is not likely that he can be appointed to a foreign post because his record is too damaging. Therefore, he is being used in the reorganization of the security section of the State Department which investigated him. No matter how favorably one seeks to be to Wieland, the effects of his activities regarding Cuba have not been beneficial to the United States. The best that can be said for him is that his judgement helped to put Castro in power. But he was never appointed to a position which gave him such authority.

Authority must be centered in the loftiest positions of government if there is not to be confusion. So far as foreign policy is concerned, only the President may under the Constitution conduct the foreign policy of the United States with the Secretary of State as an aid. It is true that as 'the world has become complicated so complicated that the United Nations now has 104 members the task is more complex than it was when George Washington and Thomas Jefferson held the positions which are now the re-(Continued on Page 6)

Heavy Odds Are On Steel Strike

In light *of Mississippi's general feeling toward interference in its affairs by the federal government, we .shouldnt overlook the jxtssibiUtv that the Air Forces U2 reconai.ssance plane was shot down."Charlotte Observer.

An ex-war correspondent says hes grateful for the fact that a German soldier who aimed a pl.stol at him didn't pull the trigger. The gratitude is utideralandable, to say the least.The Raleigh Times. *

By ELMER ROESvSNER Here are things to expect ahead in busine.ss:'

A steel strike: The chances are ten to one that there will be a steel strike this year. At the moment, it looks as if only artful behind-the-scenes maneuvers by 'the Administration can prevent it.

Here is why:

David J. McDonald ha.s gone on record demanding a shorter work week with no cut in take-home pay. He wants 32- or 35-hour week. He also wants longer paid vacations and paid furloughs for workers with high seniority.

The rank - and - filers, who laigely voted for Kenri^dy, fpcl the Administration owes the union somethingperhaps support m a strike. Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg was formerly counsel for the union.

COMPANIES FIRM The steel companies are offering a tough front. They point out that President Kennedy ha.s put pressure on them to avoid price Increases and they say they dont want price boost.

They cite two reasons; export sales are being lost in competition with low-wage producers in Europe and Japan; parts of the domestic market are being lost because of imports of steel at prices lower than it can be produced here.

The steel companies have said they are willing to' shai-e 'the results of Increased productivity with workers, but that the rise in productivity would not begin to meet demands.

In the end there will probable be a steel strike; workers will get some of their benefits; the steel compahies will get a green light on price rLses: the American economy

will get another blood-letting of infla^n and the steel industry will lose more foreigtr markets. FtC WATCHING SCRAMBLERS

Anti - recording devices suspect; The Federal Communications Commission will step into action if radio or television stations without permission use R device inhibiting the recording, of programs. Such a device has been Invented.

Record companiet W'e losing

millions of dollars In sales because owners of tape recorders tape their favorite pieces from broadcasts. If the new device is used, an inaudible tone Ls broadcast along with the music. However, the tone appears in recordings, souring the tape. A station using the device .without permission could lose its license.

Higher wool: Interest of Russian and Chinese buyers is ex-p('cted to bolster prices in the world market for wool this year. URUGUAYAN ECONOMY HIT ' Uruguay in a bind: Costs of producing meat, its principal export, are rising in Uruguay; at the same time, world prices are declining. The situation will get critical in the next few months.

Less tobacco exports; American exports of tobacco are still at a high level but they may drop this year. Reason: im

porting countries are Increasing their* own production of tobacco to reduce the outflow of currency. If local tobaccos are not popular, nations can make them so by boosting taxes on imports.

Cutback In Indonesian Investments; Threats of military action aud rising nationalism tinged with communism in Indonesia are making American investors wary. Some inveiHments, especially in oil devel(^meiit and exploration, are being reduced. Foreign holdings in Indonesia could go just like they did on another island country, Cuba.

IF^ SHOVED TO WALL,

DONT TELL UNIONS

I see a silrprise element has been injected into labor negotiations, said the Old Promoter, who had not labored fot lo, these many years. The National Labor Relations Board has ruled that it is unfair fon an employer to threaten bo go out of business if forced to deal with a union.

So I read. I said.

If an employer Is on the ragged edge, the old one said, all he can do is make the best bargain he can. But think what a joke it will be on the Union if he goes out of busi-ncs.s! ,

And on the employer, tool