TiMtdAjTt 2^ ^1961

Grab Hold, Ul FeUer-

'Si,

Further Tests Of "Tdr Heel Attitudes

As KorUi Carolina moves into 19G2 it does so on the heels of a year which brought many changes to the state particularly eo far as the administration of North Carolinas affairs are concerned.

It marked the first of Gov. Sanford*r four years fat the governors mansion and the beginning of his program for a *New Day in North Carolina

Before the year was ended, however, there was raiMd the serious question of whether the people jpf the stas. who had endorsed Gov. Sanford and his pro^ gram during 1960 were still in favor of the program as it was spelled out in terms of state spending, accompanying taxes, and the rate of progress in many fields.

The year 1962 will bring a more clear-cut indication of how the people of North Carolina as a whole feel about the program Gov. Sanford has begun to put Into effect. The first full fiscal y^Ir^T ope^Hons under the Sanford adminiistration will come to an end In June, and the Citizens of North Carqlma will have

;.961 Prophecy

Seems Accurate

By LYNN NISBET

REVIEW On the afternoon that Terry Sanford was In-aogttrated as Qovemor of North Carolina almost a year ago your reporter wrote thla comment: "Perhaps the most marked characteristic of the attitudes exhibited by attendants at the Inauguration of Governor Terry Sanford was a spirit of optimism and confidence. In some respects this indicated a passing of the buck attitude. Folks from all over the state reported that 1960 had not been too bad, but neither had it been very good as compared with long range averages. There was universal hope that 1961 will be better, largely because the new young leaders who have proclaimed New Day and New Frontier, programs are going to make it better. There was disappointing lack of acceptance of responsibility on part of the individual citisens to share their part of the load."

Looking back over the year and attempting a review of the Sanford administration that prophecy appears almost uncannily accurate. The hope for better things has been only partially realized largely because there was no real working cooperation between the Governor and the people.

No attempt will be made here to give a chronological or statistical review of the first year ol the Sanford administration. Rather, the effort will be to portray in broad outlines the achievements and failures and the total advancement during the time. There has been progress.

Circumstances surrounding the inauguration of Governor Sanfiffd were unique. He was inducted Into office five weeks before the General Assembly wMch had been elected at the same time convened. It was the first time in history the GoVer-nor had been inauguratecTwhen the Legislature was not in session. (Possible exception, but with different circumstances, was when Governor Hodges took the oath upon the death of William Umstead some two months before the 1955 assembly convened.)

AUDIENCEWhile the inaugural addresses of Governors and Presidents are fully public and designed for all the people to hear, traditionally they have been regarded as having special significance for the members of the legislature the General Assembly or* the Congress, as a sort of navigation chart to guide the lawmakers along the course desired by the executive. At the time Governor Sanford delivered his inaugural there was no General Assembly. The 1959 assembly has passed out of existence with election of the 1961 members. and the 1%1 members bad not been qualified.

So the Sanford inaugural, however fine it might have been, was without a specific target. It was five weeks later when he delivered his first of several budget" messages that ha had an official legislative audience- The audience, which was the membership of the General Assem

bly, heard his message without surinlse and accepted H without enthusiasm. It called for approximately one hundred million dollars more is* .money than had been recommended by the Ad-vlsory Budget Commission.

Because Governor Sanford was Inaugurated and became statutory director of the budget more than a month before the budget appropriationand revenue bills could be intrcduced, there was another diversion from regular procedure. For the first time since the executive budget set was enacted In 1925 the biennial appropriation bill presented did not have an accompanying revenue bill to provide the money needed tojneet statutory requirements 1or balancing the budget.

In his inaugural address he Intimated and in his first budget message Governor Sanford declared he was not satisfied with the appropriations and that he would later recommend more spending and suggest sources of revenue to provide the fundsmostly for public schools.

TAXESIn due course he did Just that, recommending approximately $1(X) million more than the budget bill, and proposing that the amount be raised mainly by extending imposition of the sales tax. Publicity has centered on the inclusion of table foods in sales tax coverage, but the Sanford program also added veiy substantially to sales tax ' obligations of purchasers of alcoholic beverages, automobiles, newspapers and other items.

There jivere rumbling of protest among legislators and the ' folks back home, but nothing like organized opposition to the Sanford program developed. There was around the Governor a sort of halo indicating he was the Messiah who would redeem his people. That image was enhanced by recollections that during his election campaigns last year he had been able to corral and hold support of big industrialists and big labor leaders, big bankers and little merchants.

Never before has a man come to the Governors office with os heterogeneous type of support. The question was whether tnese widely divergent interests which had combined to nominate and elect him as Governor would hold together to support his administration. It was evident fear that they might not which led your reporter to say a year ago that there is disappointing lack of acceptance of responsibility on part of individual citizens to share their part of the load."

Through pressure discretely applied in most instances. n(^ so discretely in others, the Sanford program was accepted by the 1961 General Assembly. But as has been so often the case in legislative doingsthe acceptance was in principle" only. Actually there never was during the entire legislative session very close accord between the downstairs and upstairs section of government in the State cap* ttol.

(Firai of two articlea)

The Da3y Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except SundAj BeUblished 1882 DAVID JUUAN WHICHARD, Publiste

fiitared at Port Offtoe, OreanvlUe, M. C.. aa aeooed ela mtf

m

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Cerrter (In Towna) Week SOt

By Cerner (Motor Routee) . Week 38c

BY MAIL, Peyeble la. Advenoe ChetDTUla Boat Oftloa. Pitt Ooantf, < RoberaoDvUla. VanoalKiro Waatatngtoo and Ctaocowlnttr. '

Thraa Ifondia .............................. $ t.15

atx Months ................................ IjOO

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The Maectatad Preat ta asetiirtvaij antltiad lo eaa for ibttcatiae all oeee dlspau^ credited iq tt oi not otherwtee ereditad to thh pepar end alee the loeai oewa pohUahed hereta AD rIcbU M cf ^

an opportunity to evaluate the operating expenses and-'revenue of the state. Politicl campaigns for seats in the 1963 General Assembly will be conducted during the year, and will afford an opportunity to speculate pn whether the programs proposed by Gov. Sanford and approved by the 1961 General Assembly have so far been satisfactory to the voters..

The outcome of political contests in which legislative candidates campaign on the basis of being* for or against some of the programs Gov. Sanford has set in motion wjjl give an indication of how the people olthe state feel more than a year after Gov. Sanford has assumed the post of Chief Executive of the state. The outcome of the 1962 political contests will likewise give an indication of whether the New Day program will be continued after the 1963 General Assembly, or whether the governor will find considerable legislative opposition to both new proposals and those programs that already have been inidated.

From a political standpoint, 19|62 appears to be one of the most important off-year election years in the modern history of North Carolina. It is a year in which the citizens of the state should carefully evaluate the course of their states government and likewise the alternatives which are proposed. It is a year in which the people of the state may determine whether North Carolina continues on its present course or abruptly changes direction. It is a year in which citizens decisions should be made carefully with respect to their government, and a year in which elec-, tion results will have a long-range effect upon the course of state government.

Ulbrichts Admission Undercuts Red Claims

Admission by the Communist chief of East Germany that the Soviet Army has made communism possible in East Germany an<l that the flight of people to the West had seriously affected the economy of East Germany cannot help but have an impact upon the rest of the world.

Such unprecedented admissions by a puppet official of the Soviets * points up clearly two important factors: East German communist rule has been made possible by armed might; and the desire of East Germans for escape from this oppression has crippled that captive territory of. the Soviets.

The admissions likewise bear out the Wests contention that the Berlin wall built by the East Germans was a desperate attempt to prevent the escape of any more Germans to the freedom offered by the WesL It refutes the contentions of the communists that the wall was constructed to prevent spies and saboteurs from the West infiltrating into East Germany.

The fact that the Soviets have permitted such a statement by Ulbricht of East Germany in itself raises many questions. Does it represent a new policy of the Soviet propagandists to permit more truth in their announcements? Is ft that the Soviets are seeking to prepare other satellites for still worse conditions in East Germany which they expect as a result of the great exodus of workers from that sector behind the Iron Curtain?

Whatever the Soviet motives in allowing the admissions they clearly indicate the desire for freedom still burns among the people of East Germany. They likewise show the deliberate Soviet intent to keep East Germans in virtual captivity^the method they have used throughout to hold on to that territory.

It show's that the East Germans are not a part of the communist bloc by choice, but rather that they are being held by force.

Younger Russian To Washinaton

By HEMRY HOWARD

Startina The New Year

All things considered, the New Year seems to have started off on the right foot.

It was sort of doubtful early yesterday morning. We were wheeling the old 49 Chevy down E. 10th Street on the way to the office for the first time In the new year.

We were feeling pretty good about beginning another year, especially since the old bus was performing as well as ever as it began its 14th straight year of service.

But, then a sudden surprise. As we wheeled northward onto Oak Street, the old Chevy Just plain quit. It came o suddenly (and so early in the morning) that a diagnosis of her trouble

was hard to come by.

After having her starter imposed upon for several minutes with no satisfactory result, old Chevy found herself reluctantly abandoned at the curb. There she sat through most of the first day of the year.

It seemed a shame for her to suddenly run out her life on New Years Day.

Then in the mldaftemoon hours, we went down for m closer look, "rhere she sat . . . resting and waiting patiently. There was no feeling of disgust, because after all she had worked like a 'Trojan for more than a decade.

After examining the simpler critical points in her anatomy,

Other Editors Saying... Defenses Are Growing

NATIONAL AOVBBTIIUNO NBPUSBNTATIVBB

riMBMui P Olxrk Oo, IDO.. Nv York, Ohicafo Atlante MttnMi, Antfft Nivaiui at OtrcuteOoo

AS tetawtirtm eopf moM ba at mm ao day Mfoe*

WibilcatioN 4M.

Bv WILLIAM N. OATIS AP Foreign Staff Writer

The Soviet Union is sending a younger smiling Russian to replace an older smiling Russian as its ambassador to Washington.

Mikhail Aleksevich Menshikov, who sails for home Thursday after almost four years on the job, is known throughout the United States as Smiling Mike.

Anatoly Fedorovich Dobrynin, who will arrive in about a month to succeed him. may well become known as Affable Anatoly.

Dobrynin won his reputation for affability in almost three years at the United Nations, from 1957 to 1960, as the top-ranking Soviet citizen In the U. N. secretariat. He was an undersecretary, Just below the then secretary-general, Dag Ham-marskjold.

He is a big. hearty, energetic, outgoing man well over six feet tall, with ^ booming voice, a bone-crushing handshake and a quick sense of humor. He is a partly bald, graying blond with a high, round forehead, silver-rimmed glasses and Ice blue eyes. He speaks good French and good English.

He is widely known as one of the friendliest Russians ever to hit U.N. headquarters. All acquaintances agree that he was an extremely capable UN, offi

cial. They also agree that he should make his government an excellent Washington ambassadorfor reasons like these:

1. Since leaving the secretariat, he has been chief of the Department of American Countries in the Soviet Foreign Ministry, having to do with the United States, Canada and Latin America. He knows U.S.-Soviet relations Inside out.

2. He is not publicly identified with any particular Soviet line. He can easily become the channel for any change of policy directed by the Kremlin.

3. He faithfully reflects the Soviet view but tries to understand other views. His reports to Moscow on U S. policy and public opinion axe apt to be closer to reality than those of someone blinded by communist dogma.

4. He is a good administrator. He easily grasps the inner workings of such small, specialized societies as the U.N. secretariat and the Washington diplomatic corps. He mixes well with all klrids of people.

Dobrynins full name is pronounced ah-na-toe-lee (third syllable accented) fyo-duh-ruh-vich (first syllable accented) doe-breen-srin (second syllable accented).

He Is only 4217 years younger thgn Menshikov is now. He was born two years after the (Ckjntlnued on Page 8)

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

A review of rthe yeai's proceedings in the,Defense Department leaves top officials pretty well satisfied that about all has been done thats possible to put our defenses in a state of readiness. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara points to a number of steps taken to make the military establishment a more effective servant of ^American foreign policy.

This does not mean that vj,e dont still have a good distance to travel to keep our armed strength at least on a par with the potential enemys, but it does mean that at least we are not asleep; no one can honestly accuse us of having the Pearl Harbor sickness again. Alertness is one of the mainstays of our defenses.

The . S. has strengthened its nuclear stJrtklng force so that it is a more powerful deterrent to potential aggressors. Deterrence is still the key to our foreign policy, because by the nature of our democratic form of govwmment we must absorb the first attack, rather than institute the Initial preventive" attack.

Also, during 1961. the U. S. increased the capacity of its strategic forces to survive a massive attack. We have improved our command and control arrangements so that the temptation to an aggressor to attempt another Pearl Harbor is considerably reduced.

'The U. S. has added to its non-nuclear forces so that the range of military oj^tlons open to its commanders is greatly increased. The U. S. has assumed a new and expanded program for

civil defense so that we can improve our non-military defenses, along with our military defenses, against the distant but terrible possibility of a major nuclear exchange.

During the past year there was a 60 per cent increase in the portion of the strategic bomber fleet kept on 15-minute alert. There has been a 50 per cent increase in the Polaris submarine force to be reached by 1964. There has been a 100 per cent boost in Minuteman missile output. There was the formation of a strike command combining elements of the Army and the Tactical Air Force.

There have been substantial increases in thf number of ready combat units, in the size of the anti-guerrilla forces and in overall manpower of the armed forces. There has been an increase In both long-range airlift and In sealift capabilities for moving troops.

. In the face of this activity, all of which was designed to improve our military capabilities, it is easy to see that the U.S. has not been standing still. If the Russians are ahead of us in certain phases of military preparations it is because of a com-binaton of circumstances beyond the control of U. S. authorities. The key fact that stands out above all others is that: the U.S. is in better position to defend Itself and retaliate now than when 1961 began.

All of this Is costly; the American people must pay the bill. But the price of freedom was never cheap, whether In blood or money. And Americans have paid with both. They are willing to pay again if necessary.

we could find nothing wrong. Perhaps, we thought, there was major trouble.

But then a bright Idea burst upon us. Maybe she was just out of gas. That was the trouUe.

The first snow of the season also marked New Years Day just before it expired.

Making the most of a rainy evening, we were sitting around the old stand-by TV set, halfwatching, half-not. Somebody commented on the dreary first day of the year.

With us were two school teachers who were whipping themselves into the proper frame of mind to begin classes again today.

By about 10 oclock they had apparently resigned themselves to the fact that school would begin again. Still one said: "One more day surely would be nice, wouldnt it?"

Then about 10:30 the sound of sleet and the sight of snow virtually undid all that mental preparation. Both hope aloud: This might just give us another day or two."

That would have been nice, wouldnt it?

The wonderful world of television has added another star to its crown (if you can call It that).

As has been par for the New Years Day course for TV since it began, theres a string of football games from noon til past dark. Yesterday, as you all know, was no exception.

Perhaps the greatest benefit of the eight-hour football telecast at our house was the fact that our 20-month-old suddenly added to his vocabulary another wordfootball.

Opinions In Brief

Secretary of State Dean Rusk has commented on summit conferences: It is not wise and not safe to have a summit that fails.' When have we had one with Communists that has ever succeeded for us, that Is?" Chattanooga News-Free Press.

A headline reported that most local citizens are paying their taxes with a smile. Sort of like the- old death row paragraph about the condemned man ate a hearty breakfast." The Raleigh Times.

Major

Change

Coming

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY ^ Copyright, 196i, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

We give a thing a name., and suddeiUy we have something altogether new. Automation is as old as man. Whoever invented the wheel; whoever learned how to make a fire out of sparks; whoever made animals domestic; the inventor of the needle and hla successor, the inventor of the sewing machine all these and millions of others were among the leaders of au-tcmiation. The Old Testament,'

witirti. iff ^an 'iceHent compilation of folklore, tells us:

Adah bore Jabal; he was the father of such as dwell in tents and have cattle. And his brothers name was Jubal; he was > the father of all such as handle the harp and pipe. And Zillah, whe also bore Tubal-cain, the forger of every cutting instrument of brass and iron. .

Without the wheel nothing of our present civilization would have been possible. But we do not know who invented the wheel _ or how it came into existence.

It is guessed that the wheel might have been invented in the Nile Valley or in the Valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates, but how did the wl^eel come to China? /

Perhaps the second most significant stage' of automation in the civilization of man is what we call,the Industrial Revolution. The central point of this is the understanding of the use of steam-

The Industrial Revolution har-nassed steam and changed the processes of manufacture and created our modem methods of production and distribution. Steam is nothing more than gas produced by water when ir is boiled. The problem was how to prevent steam from flowing away or exploding. Many men* worked at steam but it was James Watt (1736-1819) who. watching a tea-kettle, thought of how steam could push some-thii^ up. Thus, steam was harnessed as an histrument of mobility and an entire new phase of automation developed which ^ changed not only social, but economic and political conditions throughout the world.

The story of steam and its various applications to production and transportation is fascinating. But from the standpoint of this article,'it is important to point out that altogether it was at first assumed that the application of steam would deprive men of jobs, actually the number of jobs increased, new intlustrles came into existence and human beings enjoyed greater leisure.

This did not all happen t once. There were periods of adjustment and change, during which the shift from manual labor to machine labor increased poverty, but if we judge the human progress from the beginning of the 18th Century to the year 1961, it must be admitted that the Industrial Revolution has been beneficial to man from every standpoint. Its principal social manifestation was the shift of population from rural to urban with the development of the large city and all the opportunities for cultural development arising therefrom.

We now face another period of automation which will severely affect man, altering his social as well as economic institutions. This period is the result of the application of electronics to production and distribution and the reduction of time and space. This present change is not novel: it is a continuation of the Industrial Revolution with an expansion of our knowledge of mathematics, as weU as chemistry and physics. One of the most significant manifestations of the period is the transmutation of metals. In this period, the outstanding figure is Albert' Einstein whose philosophic conceptions led to. the explosion of nuclear forms, -changing the nature and use of metals and pro- . ducing new basic chemicals. Einstein and others of this school opened a new world of mathematics which not only added to our knowledge and understanding but created the electronic world.

The vast changes that the current form of automation will bring about, cannot yet be judged or measured. Politically, it severely affects all countries because whereas the population of (Continued on Page 5)

Weaknesses In Boom Prospects

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS BREAK OR GET BROKEN

How do,we forsake sin?

We forsake it by putting it behind us. When Jesus was tempted by Satan his words were, Get thee behind me Satan." Toward the close of his ministry Jesus encountered a temptation in Peters suggestion that he bypass crucifixion and become the world's Saviour in an easier fashion. The Lords word, on that occasion were: Get thee behind me Satan; thou art an offense unto me: tor tbcu saVourest not the things that be of God but those that be of men.

One reason why good resolutions often turn out to be pretty weak sisters is because such resolutions involve no action. I^^ere is no definite putting behind one of something which is presum-

m* *

cd to have been forsaken. "So help me, from now on I am off liquor." I made a resolve to day not to smoke for a month." Beginning tomorrow I will get up on time to make that train and not run the risk of breaking my neck getting down the steps at the station."

Commendable. All to the good it Would seem. Yet only rushing for the train Involved action. If we are really going to give up something we believe wp ought not to be doing, we muit turn from it. The turning must be resoluteno looking back as Lots wife did to gaze fondly at the burning city from which she had fled.

Make ahelean breakIf you are going to make a break at all. Apd if It is something really wrong you had better make a break before it breaks^you.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Almost every business analyst has predicted a rise in prosperity in 1962. So has this wide-eyed reporter.

However, this rich confidence in a boom should not blind the economy to the fact that there are serious weaknesses. As of today, itappears that the surge of prosperity would overcome anyw deficiencies. Yet business and the government must plan against the possibility that these weaknesses can sap prosperity and puncture boom.

Here are some of the dangers: '

Unemployment: Employment

Is at a high level. After the Oc-tober-Novenaber dip, It rose vigorously in December and. seasonally,/ it will decline t h i month, tut, because of the great Increase in the labor force, unemployment continues dangerously high. It was almost 4 million in mid-November and will be close to that mark in mid-January. ^

If there is a sharp rise, either because of a sudden Influx into the labor force or by sudden curtailipent of employment, the situation can endanger the rise

in prosperity. Note: Keep an eye on employment and unemployment figures in 1962. They may be the most significant statistics'.

THE GIMME DANGER

Union demands: The rising demands of organized labor can scuttle the boom. At this writing, New York bus and subway employees are demanding a fat wage Increase, plus a four-day, 32-hour week at no decrease in take-home pay, but with plenty of increases in fringe-benefit pay.The construction electricians are demanding a 29-hour week (thats not a typo; its a 20-hour week) with no decrease in take-home pay.

These demands, even If not realized, will stir other unions to make comparable demands. And they) win move union leaders to try to equal or top them to maintain their positions.

If such programs become runaway demands, the progresr of . the economy can ^ stopped short.'

Consumer fears: Almost all favorable forecasts for the year . ahead pivoted on the fact that consumers are showing a willingness to buy and to borrow

to buy. In the past, consumers willingness to spend has arrested many slumps.

But human psychology is a thin planking on which to build a tower of prosperity. An acr cident in International affairs, an Incident in domestic matters or even a false rumor can cause consumers to cut purchases. And If consumer buying freezes, so does half thb economy.

Lack of a gimmick: .Past

booms have often had a gimmick. Nylon, radio, electric frying pans, automatic drive, spllt-levels, home freezers, television, compact cars and similar excitemente have sparked consumer demand and have gotten the economy rolling again.

But what have we got to keep

the 1962 boom spinning? Color television receivers have failed to start a boom. Stereo has done but Uttle. Other products have shown promise, biit not enough surge to relly make a boom go boom!"

This is not just smart talk; this is serious. All our booms have had a pivot, a happenstance, a gimmick. Sometimes

the pivotsuch as the introduction of small radio receivers carried the boom along. At other timessuch as the popularity of the tangothe gimmick served only as the catalyst.

And what have we got today? Paul Anka? The twist? The kis-sy> doll? Good, but can any of them keep the boom on the road?

Farming: Neither Republican nor Deniocratic administrations "have solved this problem: neither had prevented it from worsening. It will continue to get muckier in 1962 and, as in an- > cient Rome, the piight of th farmer may drag us all down in ruin.

Housing: We are fumbling

along. Some day the packing-case schcK>i of architecture, the s(iuare of the slums, Will start Americans retching and the inhabitants fleeing from the modem" crates that scarify our cities, and the reaction can slow down the present boopi*

Your reporter still believes that 1962 will be a burgeoning year. But he also believes that Mack the Knife is back In town, and that the boom can be slit. More tomorrow.