Tuesday, December 5, 1961 . , L_ '

Some Evidence Tension-Is Easing

In Name Only

A few months ago Western observers were pre-dictmg the Berlin crisis would reach its worst period during the final month of 1961 and the early months of 1962. Now there is at least the suggestion that the most critical'period in Berlin may have passed.

It is not likely that. President Kennedy would choose this particular time to open the door for an invitation to visit the Soviet Union if he felt the Berlin crisis would worsen in the months immediately ahead. Such a meeting would of necessity bring about a summit conferencehowever informal it might bebetween the President and Premier Khrushchev. It must be assumed that such a meeting already has the sanction of other leaders pi the Western Big Three hnd that the Presidents'statement was the first move in that direction.

It is not likely that the President would announce that reservists and National Guardsmen called to active duty in the face* of the,Berlin,crisis will be released within a year after their recall to active duty, if he felt the Berlin situation were not well in hand.

Although Berlin has remained the focal point of East-West tensions, there have come in recent weeks these and other indications that the problems may be negotiated in the not-too-distant future in spite of

Private Colleges Are SuDDortec.

By LYNN NISBET

TOTAL EFFORTThe generous support which North Carolinians have given to the cause of higher e<!hication in church-related and other non-tax colleges must be consic^red alongside the investment of public moneys to get anything like an accurate picture of the total effort.

There has been disposition In ^some quarters to criticise the ' people of the state for being backward and Indifferent to the Deeds of the jroung men and women because the amount of public money derived from taxes or bonds did not meet all . tbe established needs at state institutions.

Jesse Helms, editorial voice of WRAI/-TV, in two recent broadcasts presented a partial list of capital Improvements at non-tax colleges during the past few years. Incomplete as H was and vague in many details, the iH'e-sentatloo was Impressive, and completely refutes the charges of Indifference and niggardliness.

Your reporter obtained script of the Helms talks and added a little research of his own. The furvey was still far from complete and details are still missing, Sufficient Information was obtained to Justiiy the statement that substantially more money has been spent in the past five years for capital improvements at non-tax colleges than all the appropriations and bond issues for State operated institutions.

A prominent Methodist layman pointed out the other day that the signiiicant Hem to connection with educational facilities is sot the six to eight million dollars his church has spent in the past two years, but the oommit-ment, implied and specific, of many more millions to complete the Jobs. The same goes for other denominations and for a few institutions not directly related to any church, but rendering service to the cause of education.

ROLL CALLBelmont Abbey, the principal Roman Catholic school in the. state moved up just a few years ago from Junior college status to the ranks of degree-granting four-year institutions. and launched a multimillion dollar expansion program which is still underway.

Campbell College at Buies Creek and Mars Hill College, long time stalwart.s In the Baptist junior college group are moving Into the four-year degree granting status, with additions to physical facilities. Gardner-Webb at Boiling Springs and Wingate College In Union county are retaining Junior status, but with additional buildings and equipment running into the hundreds of of thousands of dollars. Chowan College at Murfreesboro has a record that reads like a fairy story. Twelve years ago there was senous thought given to abandoning the century-old col

lege. Enrollment dropped to less than a 100. Now enrollment is around 800 and growing. New dormitories, dining halls, and other essentials have been built. The only graphic arts or printing school for which credits are given In any North' Carolina college is at Chowan.

The folks at Meredith and Wake For^t might not like to have their university level Institutions listed along with Chowan, but they have at least this in common. Of all the millions spent on the campuses at Meredith in Raleigh, at Wake Forest in Winston-Salem and at the seminary at Wake Forest, the only tax money is the statutory exemption from advalorero property taxes. The other money is provided by voluntary contributions of people concerned about education, and who gave the money without the legal pressure of a tax collector.

METHODISTS Perhaps the Methodists have done more in the pest two or three years than any other decmomlnation In expanding educational opportunities. Heading the list are the two brand new colleges at Fayetteville and Rocky Mount. Capital investment to date in these plants is only a token of what they will be. Contributions already made and commUments that can be counted on run to approximately $20 million.

That is new, on top of the mtilU-miUions already Invested in old established schools and expansions planned for them. Louisburg College, for example, was considered (or abandonment and. sort of Integration into the Rocky Mount unit. The people rallied around, provided money for needed facilities to retain and enlarge the college.

Pfeiffer College at Meisen-helmer moved recently into the four-year degree-granting Itst and more than a million dollars new construction was in order. Greensboro College and High Point College have gained stature by increasing facilities to upgrade service at substantial cast to individuals, not to taxpayers.

There is unfortunately rather general opinion that Duke University has all the money it needs from the Duke Foundation. A very short talk with any old Duke grad will dispel that idea. Although the allocations from the Foundation are private money (in the sen.se they are not derived from taxes. the fact is a very substantial part of the development at Duke University has come from donations received through promotional campaigns. The fact remains, that the millions invested at Duke, as at Wake For-est and other institutions, do not represent tax moneybut the money comes from the same folks who pay the taxes.

The Daily Reflector

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flare-ups which have occurred along the border. One other primary consideration in this respect was the recent Soviet, announcement that it will not hold to the year-end deadline for signing a peace treaty with the East German government.

If top officials still anticipated big trouble in Berlin during the winter monthswhich earlier had been viewed as the most probable time for a Soviet pinch on the divided citythe President would not be in a position even to suggest he visit the Soviet Union. Although he was careful to point that the problems of Berlin and Southeast Asia must be solved before a visit such as he mentioned could be a matter for practical consideration, there must be some indication that the top brass feels that the winter pionths ^ay bring progress toward solution of these problems.-

From the overall viewpoint, at least, the Presidents hint at an invitation to visit the Soviet Union suggests the new year may hold brighter prospects for an easing of international tensions.

One Could Take That Griping Too Seriously

It may not be the most popular thing to say, but we just cant get into a sweat about stories of complaints over military duty.

Weve heard it all before; and accusations of criminal negligence sound as remote and far frdm the mark as a unanimous report that everything is dandy.

Twenty years ago today, in military installations the length and breadth of the land, you^could find square pegs in round holes, round pegs in square holes . . . and by golly, some pegs without holes.

Twenty years ago today you coula find complaints about the food, about the cold, about old movies, about immunizations, about the sergeant, the lieutenant, the captain and the CO. There were, in every barracks, those who could not understand what they were doing in uniform when they were so obviously unneeded; there were just as many who figured twelve months of their personal life was literally down the drain.

Two days later there was a new sense of purpose and barring a few die-hard malcontents the complaints were no more.

There was room for complaining and griping one year later in the North African landings . . . but does anybody remember?

And three years later, almost to tbe day, there were no letters to my congressmen with a Bastogne postmark. And the sufferings and heartbreak of Bastogne w'ere infinitely worsa than anything experienced in training.

We suspect that behind today's stories of complaining there exists (or did exist) a feeling of purposelessness ... a lack of understanding. Add to that a tendency to magnify; some hard thoughts about acquaintences who were not called up; a shade of homesickne.ss; uninspired days and long lonely nights ... a couple of weeks of that, and the best potential soldiers in the w'orld are going to look for something to complain about.

No Free Voting Seen For Cubans

Sorrier

By ALVIN TAYLOR .

The 1948 Stadium Drive

Greenville busincsamen, ECXJ staff, students and friends of the coUeie have Just met success In a phenominal drive which has netted $260,000 for construction of the new James S. Ficklen stadium.

Headed by W. M. Scales. Jr.. a committee approached .local businessmen to raise the bulk of the money in wie weeks time. When the state bond issue failed, the committee went to work again and raised the additional money in a few days.

This, however, is not the first time such a drive has been conducted' locally.

Way back in November, 1048, supporters of the college undertook a drive to raise funds for

a football stadium.

At that time, the plan was not nearly so ambitious as today, although the need was equally as great.

This committee, with the late E. E. Rawl as chairman, sought to obtain $25,000 to erect the stands now located on the north side of College Stadium. This section with other bleachers would make a stadium to seat 3,000 persons.

ECTC had played football for years prior to that but with only a handful of men students there was no need for a stadium. Nobody came to see the games.

With the end of World War U the veterans returned and msde enrollment shot upward. It be-

Other Editors Saying... An Inadequate Answer

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) President Kennedy hardly had the words out of his mouthabout wanting to see free elections in Cubawhen Fidel Castro made it plain there wont be any.

Kennedy, In his interview with Izveatla, the Soviet government newspaper, said last week the United States would accept a CommunLst government any-whe;*e if it was approved by the people of a country in free balloting.

The American dispute with Cuba. Kennedy said, is that Castro has not permitted free and honest election.* and until he doe.s his government cannot claim to represent a majority of his people.

Castro, who took over Cuba almost three years ago and still ha.s not allowed elections, said over the weekend he was leading his country into commu-nLsm and would create a single political party with restricted membership.

This means he will pick the membership. The Cubans, like the people in Russia and the satellites, will have to mark yes or no on the candidates chosen for them.

Thus, any praspects of better relations with Cuba become even more remote, particularly .since Kennedy .said: What we find to be objectionable, and a threat to the peace, is when a svstem Is impo.sed by a - sinalL. militant group by subversion, infiltration and all the rest

Kennedys statement that this government was willing to recognize another governmentin thi.s ca.se a Communist 'government chasen by its people In free elections is not a new principle in American htstory.

Blit there Ls a certain contradiction in the yardstick he uses

for finding a system objectionable when it is impased by a small militant group.

Thats exactlythrough a militant grouphow Castro took over Chiba. Its also exactly how the Bolsheviks took over Russia. 'This country recognizes and deals with Russia but not with Cuba.

But communism is closer In Cuba than in Russia. And besides, Cuba is trying to stir up revolutions in this countrys closest neighbors in Latin America.

This demonstrates the dilemma of American presidents when, faced by different and shifting situations, they first try to consider what they think are American interests.

Nathan Schachner, in his biography of Thomas Jefferson, who was George Washingtons secretary of state and became the third president, said: For all his philosophical and personal preconceptions, Jefferson followed in his handling of foreign relations a strictly American attitude.

The test to him, as to Washington, was the advantage and benefit of the United States.

The most famous recent forerunner of Kennedys principle American wUllngness to recognize governments freely chasen was In the Roosevelt-Churchlll Atlantic Chanter.

The third of their eight principles said -they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live. That was 20 years ago.

Thirty years ago Secretary of State Henry L. Stlmson. under President Hoover, seemed to take a different view when he said American recognition did not depend so much upon a countrys constitutional legltl-<Cunllnu(d on page slx>

(Washington Daily Newa)

Every day of our lives we hear, read, or learn that some youngster has been hailed into court charged with some serious crime.

A 16-year-old boy is charged with stealing an automobile, or a 15-year-old boy is charged with breaking and entering. It Is an old, old story. 'The challenge today in North Carolina and in America seems to us to be greater than ever. And the answer seems to be more inadequate than ever.

People who are not directly affected by teen age crimes seldom take any real notice of what is happening. Law enforcement officers are very conscious of a growing threat in the direction of youthful crime.

The great chaUenge, it seems to us, does not come in determining punishment once a crime has been committed. We have adequate machinery set up in courts to mete out punishment. But before the court acts and after the court acts, we find ourselves woefully Inadequate to do the job at hand.

^ The greatest challenge of all comes in finding some method of cutting down on teen age crimes. If somehow we can reach the youngsters before the crime is committed, we have met the challenge with the best possible answer.

To say that we have always had cjrime and that we always will have it Ls to take a passive end indifferent attitude toward a problem which is most serious.

If we could makf a survey of the home lives of wayward CSbys, we might find that item of love missing in a majority of cases. Some might even conclude that poverty and teen age crime are definitely linked. But we have yet to prove that point conclus

ively. We might feel It and we might think it, and it might appear that way everyday when we open our newspapers.

The fact remains that in America today we are hardly doing enough to make life meaningful and attractive for boys who might have criminal tendencies. If we can reach those boys before the crimes are committed, then we have attained moral and spiritual greatness never before known in our time.

Then after the court acts, what happens then? Many boys are sent to either reform schools or to prison camps. Let a 16-year-old boy be placed on the roads for some crime he has committed, and the chan(;e.s are that the boy is bitter and determined to get a sort of revenge against society. He more or less might accept the sentence as an invitation to beat the rap next time. And when he leaves the prison camp, in so many cases it is not long before he is back behind bars again. Ihe story repeats itself time and time again.

To put a 16-year-old boy in company with hardened criminals is an education within itself but the wrong type of education. The boys learns all right, but what he learns hardly helps make a better society.

America and North Carolina today do not have adequate facilities to punish the wayward boy. We are still groping in the dark, talking about an answer we know will hardly come, and in the same breath speaking sadly of youth going to the dogs.

In reality the adult provides the example, the home, the training, the courts, and the prison facilities. And so ofteb, if w'e would be true to our own selves, we ought to admit that Juvenile delinquency and adult inadequacy are twin brothers.

came apparent that some type stadium was needed.

This was not to be a one-week campaign. In fact it was Feb. 14, 1949 before Rawl, whoee name a mens dorm now bears, announced that $25,730 was in the bank. ECTCs College Stadium was to be a reality. Approximately 1,500 persons and 127 business firms had contributed to the drive, he reported.

Thus it followed that on Sept. 15, 1949a Thursday nlEht

ECTCs Pirates took to College Stadium field for the first time. Four thousand fans Jumped the little stadium of 3,000 seats. Pres. John D. Messick calied it a momentous occasion In the history of the college.

Eugene Price, a college student and sports writer for The Daily Reflector who has since gone on to become managing editor of the Goldsboro News-Argus, described CJoach BUI Doles Pirates devastating and dazzling aerial attack which took the Buccaneers to a 24-0 victory over the Cherry Point Marines. The Plra.tes of that day were paced by Quarterback Roger Thrift.

East Carolina Colleges team, of course, have thundered up and down CoUege Stadium field for the past 13 seasons and, with a new stadium in view, appear destined for still greater things.

The efforts of that first committee wont be lost with the opening of Ficklen Stadium next .season, however.

Plans call for moving the old stands and erecting them opposite the new concrete section.

It is fitting that this be so.

lo Jrree Sofeech

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1961, King Featu.*'es Syndicate, Inc.

It is difficult to understand the barriers erected by school and coUege management on the subject of freedom of speech. Generally there is no objection to Karl Marx but God is forbidden. The theory is that whereas it is sound to separate Church from State, It is not sound to separate the United

States from its enemies.

I see an item that Dean Fritx Morsteln Marx of Hunter College in New York forbids The National Review from holding meetings in this municipally-owned girls college. The reasons given by Dean Marx are most astonishing. One of them was that the views of BIU Buckley, the editor of The National Review. reflected the point of view of your organization as a political group presenting a distinct point of view of its own.

This is an astonishing attempt to say something in English. NatuTTBdly, an educated man, an editor and author, would have a distinct point of view or he would be a dope. It is true that many editors, writers and even professors are dopes, but that is no reason why Dean Marx' should expect BUI Buckley to be one. Bill Buckley has long had a point of view which he has included in some books and in many articles and lectures. His points of view may be describ-, ed as constructively conserva-

ative influenced by his religious beliefs. He is definitely anti-Marxist as is the publication which he edits.

If Dean Marx has at all read current publications, he must have witnessed the existence of The National Review and he must know that it has a distinct point of view which differs from The Worker, The Nation and The New Republic, each of which has a point of view of its own, which it advocates and defends.

Does Dean Marx, as an educator, expect only one point of view to prevail in a free country? Is it his theory that the United State* Is a monolithic country in which only the bomb-astry of the popular weekly

magazines may prevaU? Perhaps the Dean only likes such pubUcations because of the pictures in them. Or should the students of Hunter be limited to McGuffeys Readers which were prepared for chUdren of a free period in our civUization?

Another reason given by the learned Dean for excluding The National Review meetings from the auditorium of Hunter College is that the building was picketed during one of the meetings. Many public buildings are picketed. Recently I visited the White House in Washington and saw a shabby picket line marching outside. Should President Kennedy be excluded from the-White House because some idiots picketed the building? In ac- cordancc with Dean Marxs logic, President Kennedy should . leave the- building to the pickets. Why, I cannot explain except that the Dean must be-scared of pickets. His college is* opposite the Soviet Embassy and send the boor, Valerian A.

, Zorin, back to the steppes whence he came.

Dean Marx also objects to the effort of the presiding officer at one of the meetings maintaining law and order. Maybe (Continued on Page 6)

Public Forum

TO THE EDITOR

On Thursday night, 15 ladies received pins and certificates In a ceremony closing a course in Home Nursing, which was sponsored by the Pitt County Chapter of American Red Cross.

My thanks go to many people who helped make this course a tremendous success including: Mrs. Walter F. Taylor, Executive Secretary of the Pitt County Chapter of American Red Cross; Mrs. Lucy Bodkin, who was so kind In hejplng me set up some of the demonstrations; to Mr. J. H. Rose, who has so graciously supplied permanent class rooms for the various Home Nursing classes; and most of all to those wonderful ladles who kindly accepted me as their instructor and completed the course so successfully.

These ladies were; Mrs. Jessie Bell, Mrs. Magdalene Grimes, Mrs. Emma May. Mrs. Council Marshmond, Mrs. Mary

Murrell, Mrs. Olga Myers. Mrs. Gertrude Pope, Mrs. Lillie Reid, Mrs. Betsy Hemby, and Mrs. Isadora Brennan, all of Greenville; and Mrs. Delores Hawkins, Mrs. Jessie Payton, Mrs. F4eeta, Kirkman, Mrs. Lillie Mills, and Mrs. Letha Howard, all of Grimesland.

The experiences we had. the mistakes we made shall always be remembered along with the surprise party and the lovely gifts that they presented me, with Mrs. Myers as spokesman for the class.

This course was one of the nio est things that ever happened to me. and I do hope and pray that in some small and humble way I have partially repaid the American Red Cros for training me as one of the county instructors.

Thanks again ladies, because it sure was wonderful.

Very truly yours, Mrs. Willie Mae Hawkins Grimesland Route 1

Hioher Bread Prices Inevitable

Strength For Today

By KARL L. DOKII.ASS

I.KT IS FONDKR THIS Has modern marriage failed? In a recent year the number of those* who .secured divorces was one quarter the number of those who were married. This doe.s not mean that 25 per rent of all marriages go on tlie rc.ks. It does mean, however, that a shockingly high percentage of marriages do go on the rocks. What. then, can we do about this altuatlon?

First of all we can regard it for what it is. namely, a national menace. In the second place^" we can counsel young people against too early and hasty marriages. Again we can as-aure ourselves and other that mere beauty, glamor and enticement are not sufficient to make a marriage lasting and uccessful. We can further bear

in mind that the marriage con-vonanl is taken for better or for wor.se, and that in practically all marriages a little of the worse is sure to creep in..

Marriage is a project which two people agree to enter upon t')gptner. It Involves sex difier-entiatlon, but it involves many other things bealde. It Involves mutual trust, dependability of character common sense in the handling of money, high standards in the conduct of a home, patience, wllllngneas to sacrifice. hope.

Maybe mau*riage hasnt (ailed, .maybe men and women jiave failed. Only. God knows the final answer to all questions. Most people take the marriage con-venant in a church. The things the Church stands for must per meate and aupport marriage if It 1. to be eucceMful.

By K1..VIER ROE.SvSNKR It looks as if we'll have to hang a baker or two. That ancient remedy seems to be the only way left to keep the price of bread from going up.

The hanging treatment, according to the Encyclopedia Bri-tannica, was used in eighteenth century Turkey and Egypt to keep prices down.

Although there is a lot of air in some of the modern breads, there is little cushion in retail prices, and the rise in prices in wheat, maneuvered by ithe government. plus coming rises In wages lor teamsters and other employees of the industry, make higher bread prices inevitable.

WHERE DOUGH GOES The First NaUooal City Bank, in its December letter, reports that the aveoige price of a pound loaf of bread in 1960 was 20.3 cents.

This, on the basis of government and industry, 'data, was spilt as follows;

Farmer 2.8

Miller .7

Baking, wrapping, etc. 5.5

Selling, delivery,- etc. 5.7

Retailer 3.4

Other costs 1.5

Pre-tax profits * .7

Total 20.3

The bank points out that the government has had programs to support the price of wheat continuously since 1938 and. despite efforts to persuade the fanner to plant less and to sell wheat at bargain prices to foreign governments. the government holds 1.4 billion bushels of wheat, enough for 500 loaves for each man, woman and child in the country. The government could well afford to keep a bowl of pretzels on every Income tax counter In the nation. SOMEBODY PAYS Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman this last summer announced an increase in the support price of wheat from $1.79 to I2 a bushel, and wheat and flour prices promptly rose.

E. E. Kelley, Jr., president of the American Bakers Associa

tion, said that since flour prices had risen 35 to 40 cents per hundredweight, it would be little short of a miracle if bread prices did not rl^. The average price of a pound loaf, he noted, has risen from 14.3 cents in 1950 to 20.3 cents in 1%0.

Secretary Freeman countered With an angry statement that the bakers had taken every opportunity to increase the price of bread during- the last decade, but had passed none of the savings on I to the consumer when wheat prices feU. However, he did not recommend hanging.

Commerce Department figures show that the average weekly earnings of bakery product workers rose from $53.21 in June. 1950, to $88.55 in June. 1960. They have gone up since then.

It would appear that, in view of the fact that bakery wages have risen around 60 percent hi the ten years, the industry did an aptazing Job in keeping the rise in the price of bread to around 40 percen|.'

At the same time, the profit margins of the six leading baking companies dropped irum a 1947-49 average of 4.1 peic.rnt of the sales dollar to 19 per cent of the sales dollar in Tftu. So far this year the companies report a further drop in eain-nigs, two of them .showing deficits.

However, if the right baking corporation officials are properly hanged, the rest of them will probably keep bread prices from rising.

ECONOMY GASES INTRO-DUCED IN BATTLE FOR MARKETS

Increasing competition, some from price-cutting Independents, has brought forth economy grades o gasoline in certain areas. Gulf is selling Gulftane at 2 cents under the price of regular gas in Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky areas; Humble is market-testing a third-trade gas in the Pittsburgh, Pa., and Norfolk-Newport News. Va.. areas at 1.7 cents under regular prices.