Wednesday/November 29, 1961

Decision Was In Interests Of State

Talk About Brinksmanship

Gov. Sanford*8 decision not to call a special legislative session to consider another bond election on the heels of the one defeated by voters on Nov. 7 is in the best interest \)f the state.

It is not that the improvements which would have been provided by the bonds are needed any less now than they were when'the matter was put to the people esHier this month. As Gov. Sanford put it in his address to citizens of the state Monday night: To call another election now would be to say when a Democratic election is lost, call another if you can. This would be a bad precedent It is haphazard. This is not conducive to the orderly process of Democratic government."

Citizens of the state spoke forcefully on the matter of the bonds at the polls. For the governor to have called a special legislativesession on the matter would have been viewed as an attempt by the chief executive to coerce the people of the state into carrying out a program they already had rejected. It would not have been, in our opinion; in the best , interest of the state in the long run.

Between now and the time the legislature gives further consideration to capital improvement needs of state institutions in 1963, citizens of the state will

Ambulances Are ! Raising Queries

By LYNN N1SBET

AMBLANCE The next session of the Legislature, whether an earlier extra or the regular 198S meeting, almost certainly win be aaked to deal with the problem of providing ambulance enrice to the public.

Until a few months ago ambulance service as an adjunct of the funeral homes was regarded as routine in most communities. The funeral homes discovered they were losing money, and the ambulance operation was taking time and energy needed for the regular business. So they began to retire from the field. Formal notice was given in many instances to local government authorities that on a certain date, usually just a few weeks away, the service would be discontinued. Some places arrangements had been made for other private operators to take' over, but generally the problem was dumped on the local government.

And local government could not do very much about It Ambulance service is not a government function, in the strict sensealthough extension of the idea which gives government support to street cars, parks and playgrounds might justify ambulance service provided from non-tax sources. It is generally understood that no tax money could be spent for the purpose without a special election at which the levy was authorized by majority vote of the people. And there might be question about that.

BORDEHILINE There are so many borderline situations it is difficult to pick one and label it typical. Ambulances operated by funeral homes or other private agencies have been given privileges of immunity from speed and other traffic regulations. not accorded any other private business.

Certainly there has been imposition on this privilege, but majority opinion seems to be the total result has been good. The dividing line between profit motive and public service has been hard to fix..

And that borderline difficulty parries over into the w'hole field of private-public hospital, operations. There can be no reasonable question of the legal right of a private. hospital or a private ambulance operator to select the persons they want to serve. There Is question whether S government owned hospital or a government operated ambulance service can choose clients. JdaJority opinion of courts and legal authorities tends to cc^-clusloo that government must serve all applicants alike, without discrimination because of race, creed, or financial respon-blllty.

And that's where the borderline influence becomes almost controUins. If a county or a city operates a hospital, where patients are accepted and cared

for from the front door entrance to the back door exit upon discharge after cure, why should not that same hospital assume responsibility for getting the patient to and from the hospital in an ambulance?

Suppose some patient wants a ambulance to go to a non-tax hospital. Can the tax hospitaJ provide that service, even at a compensating fee, without violating the law? Does that ambulance trip constitute a public service or is it infringement of government on private enterprise? Without too much regard to the factual matter of profit and loss, public and private service. can any ambulance operator refuse to pick up the victim of a wreck or a fire in desperate need of hospitalization, until he has been assured he will be paid for the trip? And if he* isnt paid for it should he still be required to render the service?

These are just a few of the questions for which answers are being sought.

DEALS It 1s inevitable in a situation like this that deals" would be negotiated whereby a biLslness man would agree to operate an ambulance service at a I0.SS in return for considerations in other areas where he might reasonably expect a profit.

In one community, for example, a garage owner agreed to take over the ambulance service from the funeral directors on condition that Ids garage would be given priority in calls for wrecker service in case of automobile accidents which did not Involve personal Injury requiring ambulance service.

It isnt quite clear on the record to date just who participated in the agreement, but the garage man has given notice that he is di.scontlnuing ambulance service because his garage is being by-passed in most of the wrocker-.sprvlce calls out of which he might have a chance to make a profit.

PROBLEM Very few people have really thought about the ambulance problem. The impression has been that if an ambulance were needed a telephone call would get one. Not many folks thought about the background of capital investment and operating c 0 s t s necessary to provide the service. Thls^ casu al thinking has got to be changed. The provision of ambulance service is becoming a serious governmental and social service problem. So far as legal responsibility Is concerned It is stm more social welfare than government. How long that status can survive Is doubtful.

The people having been accustomed to ambulance service at the telephone dial will not readily surrender that privilege because of legal technicalities. Thats why some new law will be written on the subject at the very first opportunity.

have ample opportunity to evaluate these needsand new needs which develop-very carefully. They will also have an opportunity to evaluate more carefully the fiscal condition of the state government and the impact the recently-adopted revenue measure. have had upon the state's resources. Thpy will then be in a better position to judge North Carolina's ability to meet the needs of its agencies and institutions so far as capital improvements are concerned.

The months ahead will likewise provide institutions of the state time tb re-evaluate other methods of financing their needs for capital improvements, and perhaps some means can be found tb fill some of the mbre pressing needs which were to be taken care of out of the bond issues. Particularly where educational institutions are concerned, however, officials should be careful not to undertake methods of financing needs which will push the cost of college education beyond the reach of many people of the state.

Rejection of the bond issue was a set-back for the advancement of the state in meeting the needs of its people in many areas of operation. It was not, however, a fatal blow to the advancement of the state tind the progress of its institutions. The months ahead will bring from officials alternate proposals for meeting some of the most urgent of these needs, and these proposals should be given careful and serious consideration by the people of the state.

The job of meeting these needs rests not solely with the officials, but with the citizens of the state as well. \ ^

Public Hearing Will At Least Delay Move

By securing a hearing on the proposed bombing range in Hyde County, Congressman Herbert C. Bonner has succeeded in delaying at least until January any final decision by the ^Air Force on the controversial matter in Eastern North Carolina.

With the widespread opposition which has developed to the proposed bombing range, it is only logical that Air Force Secretary Zuckert afford citi zens of this and other areas of the state an opportuni ty to present first-hand their reasons for opposing converting some 30,000 acres in Hyde County into a bombing range.

In spite of vigorous opposition which has been expressed months ago on the matter by members of the Tar Heel delegation in Congress, state officials, ^ athletic world.

wildlife officials and the legislature, the Air Force Sides nS^ "wSSb

did not shelve its planer for the proposed bombing have shown that the fast grow-

range. It is not unlikely that the public hearing on ^"8 inaUtution is headed for big-

the matter, where officials and individuals will have things,

the opportunity to personally express their views on the matter, will afford military officials a more realistic view of how the proposal is regarded in this area.

The public hearing, we feel, is important in the final deci.sion which will have to be made with regard to this matter. It is gratifying to know that such a hearing has been arranged by Congressman Bonner.

By ALVIN TAYLOR

'.Bigger Things In Future

Hiring of Clarence Stasavich, veteran Lenior Rhyne football coach, by East Carolina College only serves to emphasize what has been clearly evident that ECC fully expects to move up

Starting Policy Of Intervention?

East Carolina has aiH>lied for membership in the Southern Conference. It was not accepted, but the Conference set up certain rules for admission of a college. One of 'these was two year membership in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. So the school promptly Joined the association.

Then there has been a steady build-up of the minor sports at ECC, as evidenced by the baseball team winning the NAIA national championship last summer.

Finally, there is the astound

ing drive for funds to construct a new 16,000 seat stadium on property south of 14th St. A committee raised what was thought to be sufficient funds in one weeks time. When the statewide bond issue was defeated they went back to work to raise the $50,000 the bonds were to provide for athletic fa-ciliUes.

It all adds up to create an unmistakable clear picture. East Carolina Collegenow classified as a big school with 5,200 enrollmentis to become a big athletic power. The picture is so clear that a Greensboro Dally News sports writer has said perhaps even the Southern Conference may not be able to hold ECC.

All this brings great joy to the sports fan of Eastern North Carolina. The thought of having major football and basketball teams playing herewithin reasonable driving distance of most eastern townsIs pleasant, in-

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) The Kennedy adminisLratlons use of naval units off the Dominican Republics coast helped discourage the Trujillo family from reestablishing a dictatorship. But it raised some unanswered questions.

It wa.s a form of intervention In the internal affairs of another country, even though the pur-pase could be Interpreted as good. But was this an Isolated case? Or is there a new policy to Intervene in Latin America when this country chooses?

Those questions, of concern to Latin Americans, ride side by

helped a band of anti-Castro rebels invade Cuba but didnt baqk them up with American military force. Castro crushed them. This country got all the blame and no benefit.

Since American forces did not take part, this country could argue it was not a direct intervention. It certainly was an indirect one. That occurred in Ap-r.

On May 30, Gen. Rafael Trujillo Molina, whose family had kept the Dominican Republic under his dictatorship 30 years, was assassinated. Left in charge was his handplcked president.

Other Editors Saying... Room At The Top

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side with one of concern to this Balaguer, who apparent

ly is trying to set up a democratic society but who Is regarded by some Dominicans as a Trujillo stooge.

In mid-November rumors spread that Trujillos brother, Hector and Jose, were going to set up a dictatorship again. On Nov. 28 Secretary of State Dean Rusk made an extraordinary statement.

He said the United States would not sit idly by and watch the Trujillo family reassert dictatorial control. The next day, to back up Balaguer, an American naval force appeared off the Dominican coast but outside its territorial waters.

Balaguer warned the Dominicans that conflict among them could lead "in the course of the next few hours to foreign military intervention Then he

country: Will the United States sit idly by if communism attempts to take over anywhere in Latin America?

Under the Monroe Doctrine of 12.3 years ago, the United States told Eiu-ope not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere. In time, this country did a lot of intervening and Interfering in Latin America. The result: crl-ticLsm and ill will.

President Franklin Roosevelts administration sought to reverse thi.s with its Good Neighbor" policy. This country, with 20 other American republics, set up the Organization of American States which, in its 1948 charter, agreed: no state had the right to Intervene In anothers affairs.

Non-l n t e r V e n 11 o n. however. was a bit of a myth. When this country gave help economic

or military. to its Latin nelgh-w^ said the Trujillos were leaving

country. The crisis endted, if only temporarily.

The New York Times quoted Balaguer as saring afterward he had not asked for the American naval aid but was glad it came. Adlal E, Stevenson, American ambassador to the United Nations, said the force was used with full knowledge of Balag-uers government.

The New York Times also (Continued on page five)

bors. It meant some interference, direct or Indirect. For instance, when It helped a dictator to stay in power.

But the dictatorship of Fidel Castro in Cuba became a pain when he defied the United States and tried to encourage revolutions in Latin America.. The OAS agreement went out the window. The United States intervened.

It did so in a way that made this country look ludicrous. It

(The Wall Street Joom^)

Since its often hard tell the branch manager and the skilled worker apart these days, 'what with both of them wearing the same clothes, driving the same model car and shopping at the same supermarket, union publicists are hard-pressed to whip up class-war psychology. But the Bulletin of the AFL-CIO Industrial Union Department is giving it what could be called "the college try.

The Bulletin announces that "the Horatio Alger myth Is more dead today than ever, citing a survey of 2(X) leading companies which shows that only one in . 20 of those in the executive suites started as a clerk or production worker. An "elite of college and professionally educated management Is growing, says the Bulletin, drawn mainly from "those whose family resources were such that they could obtain advanced education. Opportunity for "the average white collar and manual worker," the union publication bleakly concludes, lies in "mutual progress through unions of their own choosing presumably. solidarity against the "college class."

But somehow we doubt that a man can no longer go from modest beginnings to a place at the top. Indeed, this newspaper not long ago presented a gallery of

men who have made a million dollars or more since World War U, Including the son of an oil field laborer, the son of a Greek immigrant barber and an electronics tycoon who has neither a high school diploma nor a college degree. There are plenty of other success stories.

To be sure, education plays an important part in shaping a mans fortunes, but when has this not been true in America? Even 6n the old frontier, the man who could read, write and cipher had a clear advantage which is why a Lanky Illinois farmboy taught himself by fire light even though Illiterate men could earn a good living.

And just who does the lUD think Is now pursuing these rewards? The great majority of the coUege-trained -"elite are young men and women whose family resources are modest, and over-taxed, but who nevertheless manage to obtain the advanced education which the union propagandist makes out to be a class privilege.

Perhaps what the unions secretly deplore Is precisely this the rise of a huge middle-class that has made union sloganizing sound tired and reactionary. For all the obstacles put in their path, most Americans are not impressed by the claim that the way up is closed. Too many of them are going that way.

deed.

But what of the supporter of the school who don't particularly like the idea of such emphasis on Intercollegiate athletics. Such voices are to be heard at any college where big time athletics hold sway. They point out that head coaches make far more than professors, more than department or school heads and even more than college presidents. in some cases. They also maintain that coUeglate sports can become an uncontrollable monster, and occasionally this proves correct, as with the recent basketball scandals.

But lets listen to Dr. V.R. Cromer, Lenoir Rhyne president, pay tribute to his departing coach. Stasavlch.

"We are profoundly grateful for the contribution he has made to the total program of Lenoir Rhyne College, as professor and as representative of the institution in public circles.

"His record speaks for itself. He has in a large measure been responsible for the national recognition Lenoir Rhyne has received in recent years.

Thus intercollegiate athletic competition j u s 11 f i e s itself. Schools with good athletic programs are known across the land. Those without such programs often are not. Such competition can create loyalty among students and alumni that would not come In any other way.

Intercollegiate athletics at East Carolina College should never become the tall that wags the dog. But as the college grows in student enrollment and in academic standing the athletic program should, indeed, be allowed to reach its full potential.

i Opinions In Brief

"Rightly or wrongly, there Is a feeling abroad in the State that no one is too much interested in really keeping down public e.xpenditures. The legislature, lor example, has helped foster such an Impression by things it has done. It has authorized the spending of more than $6,000,000 on a Taj Mahal type state house for its own use, complete with a private dining room for the kglslators and a private office for each legislator. And, the legislators voted to Increase their own expense allowances, and even made those increases retroactive.The Raleigh Times.

Of Three

1 actics

, By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Copjrrlght, 1961, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Reverend George E. Bender, a Methodist minister of I^rain, Ohio, has written an interesting and thoughtful letter to the Lorain "Journal dealing with the subject of war and peace. In the course of this letter, Mr. Bender, who is not a pacifist and who would be willing to fight for his country says:

"None of us wants to be Red and none of us wants to be dead. What, then, is the best alternative? The best alternative is to^ put democracy to work where it" is most needed, ^t Is basic to our way of life that we believe in law and order, that we be-Deve In i^resentative government, in freedom of expression, in Justice with due process of law and trial by jury. We also believe in free competition and in a police force to enforce the law.

These unfortunately have nothing to do with an alternative to war. The problem set before us is that Soviet Russia Is engaged In building a world empire, to conquer all nations including the .United States, to the end that Marxism should displace the social system which is expressed by Judaism, Christianity and all other human expressions in acknowledgement of God and of the Natural Law. Also Marxism would alter our economic and political system so that those who control the oligarchy that controls the state would control the life of every man.

What is the alternative to that?

Surely law and Justice could be an alternative to Marxism if Soviet Russia did not choose to make war, cold or hot, upon us with the spoken objective of destroying our way of life. W face three alternatives:

1. We can prolong our discussion while the Russians cou* quer area after area, weakening us so that we are unable to withstand Russian power;

2. We can accept the Russian challenge and agree to become . part of the Soviet Universal State;

3. We can fight for our Uves and our civilization.

Thus far. it has been the American poUcy to try the first methodto talk things out. notwithstanding the undisputable fact of Russian gains. Soviet activities In Cuba, Panama. Brazil. British Guinana and other ' places bring them very close to us and lead to the conclusion that a shooting war can break out at any moment. Our Presidents. Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy, have sought to stave off a fighting war, but the frightful day comes closer because ot the Russian conclusion that our wish for peace is a sign of weakness, incompetence and degeneracy.

But we are faced with another danger, namely, that the cost of preparation for war, to meet the peril of Soviet terrorism, is so frightfully great that it is destroying our economic system. How long can we afford to carry a budget that runs about $100,-000,000,0(X) a year? Where is the money to come from? With aU of the world organizing into economic blocs, which are aimed at lessening our capacity for dis-' tribution, how can we maintain a currency that wUl be strong and that will protect the earn* ing power of our people?

Reverend Bender says?

"These principles are good for us, and as free people we believe they arc good for everyone. Lets begin, then, to put our beliefs into action among ourselves. A good place to start would be to lend all our efforts to work toward a federal union of the free nations of the world. Just as te 13 colonies gained strength against their common enemy by uniting, so now the free nations of the world can find added strength against Communism.

Two questions arise immediately:

1. Do we have time to estab*

Ush "a federal union of free nations of the world? We have been at that job in the United Nations since 1945 and are Very close to the end of our effort there. In fact, every constructive task along these lines has , to be done outside of the United Nations which is falling into the control of the so-called neutrals, who are not really neutrals but opportunists who shift hither and thither for their advaih

_ (Continued on Page 6)

Capitalistic Advance Due Reds?

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS ANYT1.ME

Can we expect new revelation to tskp place with the passing of time? Undoubtedly so. Certain chapters in God's revelation have been closed. One closed when Moses received the Ten Commandments from God and went up on a high mountain to die. Another closed when Christ died on the cross and rose again. Another closed when the Holy Spirit was given on the Day of Pentecost.

Today we are facing a new age;-the most spectacular age humanity had confronted In its history. We should not be surprised if a revelaUoo of overwhelming significance took place at any time. A greater than Moses might appear. An outpouring of the Holy Spirit might come upon us to make us equal

to the requirements of these new days. Heaven and earth might pass away, and that new heaven and new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness might supplant our present order of life. We are but a speck In the universe. "Eye hath not seen, or ear heard, neither have entered Into the heart of man the things which God hath prepared for them that love him."

God evidently expects us to

' live in a mood of expectancy. There has been trsge<^ In, the pa^. but much glory also. We re In days oT unprecedented tumult. Anything may happen. If It happens solely by the hand of man. It will be bad. If it

happens as the result of Gods will, it will be good.

A new revelation? A further disclosure? Yes. any time, and

unprecedented.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Communism has caused one of the greatest advances in capitalism in 3(X) years. It has brought about broad, systematic lowering of trade barriers in the capitalistic world. The process seems likely to oontinup.

For several centuries the Idea of a United States of Europe has been a dream. Nationalist rivalries have always prevented its fulfillment. It is not now in prospect. But the next thing to itbroad tariff federationsarc flourishing and growing.

Nikita Khrushchev and his predecessors did it.

The Red Russian Empire is an economic as well as an ideological federation. The 15 Soviet Republics. Poland, Hungary. Rumania. Bulgaria. (Czechoslovakia, Mongolia and Cuba and. to a lesser extent. China. North Ko-fea. Tibet and North Vietnam rconstitute a tariff union. 'ACTION AND COUNTERACTION

There are few trade walls between those countries, although individuals are subject to customs regulations. Goods can move freely from oos end of that vast empire to the other. The

skills and produce of one area can suiH>lement those of another.

This free trade has been an lmiM>rtant factor in the ecdnomic growth of the Red Empire.

To offset this advantage, at least partially, the capitalist nations have had litle choice but to organize customs unions.

This began in World War II when Belgium. Luxembourg and the Netherlands formed the Benelux union, which assisted In speeding thedr recove^. In 1952, they joined France. Italy and Weet Germany In a coal and steel market union. In 1957 this grew into the European Economic Community, generally known u the European Ccnn-mon Market, with a plan for gradual reituotlon of tariffs between members.

To offset this competlUon. Britain. Norway, Sweden. Denmark, Austria and Portugal formed the European Free Trade Association in 1960, with a similar program for progressive reduction of tariffs. ENGLANDS QUANDARY

Now Britain is planning to Join the European Common Market Theres a bit of dif

ficulty, Britain already has a tariff preferential system with other members of the Commonwealth. Some Common Market members insist that* Britain abandon the preference to Canada, Australia and other Commonwealth countries.

HowevM*, If this hurdle is cleared, the other members of the Free Trade Association may follow England Into the Common Market and the Commonwealths may be temped to joln*'too.

Now Christian Herter, former Secretary of State, is proposing that the United States join, the Common Market.

Pressures by protected industries and by labor, who see American scales threatened by an increase to iotoorto from low-wage areas, probably will prevent this from happening. However, there ere strong arguments for It. Europes tqtai production is calculated to double the 1956 level by 1970 aod it Is doubtful that American production will rise anywhere near that much. Why not share the growth by joining the economy?" some ask.

PREPARING THE PUBLIC - Meanwhile, the Kennedy Ad

ministration bellevea that tha United States, to preserve its markets abroad, must match tariff cuts by either of the two customs unions. The B. cannot expect EuT(n>ean nations to buy our products if we maintain ta^ riff barriers against theirs. President Kennedy will ask Congress next year for power to make broad tariff cuts. He now has authority to make cuts on individual products, but this authority expires next year.

This, no leas than proposals to join the Common Market, will met terrific resistance. The Ad-ministration Is currently trying to prepare the public for its prc^als, hoping thereby to gain support. Commerce Seo-retory Luther H. Hodges and Lsr bor Secretary Arthur Goldberg are both going about the country making speeches. Hodgea saying that a liberal tr^ poUcy is necessary to ^ompet# with the "gaUoplng economies* of Europe and Japan, and Goldberg saying that more liberal trade policies are esssntial to fuU employment. i

And youU hear more and more about this subject in the months to come.