Tuesday, November 28, 1961

Sec. Rusks Hand Is Strengthened

or Redcoat Is Coming!01 Redcoat Is Coming! -q

*\

President Kennedys shakeup amon^op officials of the State Departments ^eigm policy high command is -a move that shoula give the government a more positive and concise foreign policy and eliminate some of the obvious lost motion which has existed between the State Department and the White House.

The move should strengthen the hand of Secretary of State Dean Rusk and at the same time provide more clear-cut divisions of responsibility in planning and administering the foreign policy of the United States. These are thngs, in our opinion, which have been needed since the Kennedy administration began its operation.

In the past it has seemed that while the President obviously held the final word so far as top foreign policy was concerned, there was cumbersome chain of command which often overlapped and even bogged down b<*tween the White House and the top echelon of the State Department. In addition to the advice which Rusk had to offer. President Kennedy was surrounded by other advisers who held various positions with ambiguous responsibilities.

At least in part this akward chain of command and uncertain division of responsibilities could have influenced the blunders which the United States made recently in connection with the abortive invasion attempt in Cuba and the Laotian crisis.

By streamlining the top foreign policy command of the State Department there should be less confusion in arriving at policies in meeting new interna-

lerminoiogy m N.C. Finances

By LYNN NISBET

CONFUSED There is reason for the average citizen of North Carolina to be confused about the money situation, especially the immediate urgent need for authorization of bond Issues for capital Improvements,

The Legislature submitted a bond issue of $61.6 million dollars to a vote early this month-The people voted it down. Despite the claims that this was the minimum amount that would meet the minimum needs, the Governor and other leaders now suggest a pared-down bond ls.sue of some $26-$36 million as perhaps adequate for the most urgent needs.

While they are talking about the absolute need for bond money in an amount at least as much as $25 million, they also are suggesting ways to save some $15 million by tightening up controls over spending in general fund account areas.

Presumably the General Assembly adopted a balanced budget. since the law requires that, which means that the appropriations voted did not exceed the revenue anticipated. The appropriations included between four and five million dollars a year for debt service on the bonds which would have been Issued if the people had voted for them. The people did not vote for the bonds, they will not be Issued, and that four to five million dollars is available for other U.SCS. Then if the proposed setup of a sort of overall supervisor of budget spending results, as is predicted, in a saving of $15 million during the biennium in amounts appropriated there will be the approximate $25 million which is said to be the minimum need for capital improvements and without a bond issue.

The average citizen does not understand the terminology of government financing. -Terms deficit spending, surplus, credit balance, and such, do not mean very much. But the average citizen ddes understand that if you really need $25 million and you have $25 million you ought not to have to issue bonds to get the $25 million.

RESPONSIBILITY - Several ffforts have been made to place a large share of responsibility for failure of the recent bond election on failure of members of the General Assembly to support the Issues. The blame is properly placed, but the reasons given for placing it in many Instances are wrong.

The enactment of a bill submitting a bond issue or a constitutional amendment or any other matter to a vote of the people does not necessarily commit the legislator voting for submission to support of the measure.

Times almost without number during the years he has watched legislatures in action yoiu- reporter has heard the appeal to reluctant members that they vote to submit the issue to the people, and that such a vote would not imply anything more than their willingness to let the people speak. Ardent sponsors of court reform in several sessions have pleaded for a popular vote, and proclaimed loudly that every legislator would have a right to vote as he pleased as a citizen.

A classic example is that of Stag Ballentine in the 1937 Senate. He had promised in his campaign for the senate that he would vote to permit an election in Wake County on the establishment of ABC stores. He resisted terrific iM'es.sure among his family and friends to renege on that promise, but said all the time that when the election came along he would vote and work again.st the stores. He voted in the senate to order the election, voted in the election against the stores.

That his attitude was approved by the people is attested by the fact he was three times reelected to the senate, then as Lieutenant Governor and four times as Commissioner of Agriculture.

Members of the General hs-aembly had more obligation than the rank and file citizens to take a stand on the recent bond Issues, because their position imposed responsibility The charge of indifference and inactivity can be justified against mast of them, but it should not be claimed that they owed support of the bonds simply because they voted to submit them to the people.

They have been many times when legislators acted on the basis of the philosophy credited to various sources, most often to the French statesmen, Francois Marie Arouet. better known as Voltaire. who said I hate what you have to say but I will die in defense of your right to say it. Which is jast another way of saying that legislators have submitted Issues to popular vote as a public duty when they would much rather have just voted them down in the captol

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tional crises, and there should also be greater effectiveness in carrying out these policies once they are made. It will also be easier to fix responsibility for blunders if and when they occur.

The realignment in' the State Department has been needed for months. Now that it has come, it should enable the United States to better cope w'ith the changing international situation.

Opportunity Provided For State Dividend

The program launched r-ecently by Gov Sanford to bring about greater economy in the operations of state agencies and departments is one which could provide important diviiiends for North Carolinas taxpayers.

To some, it may seem that Gov. Sanfords economy move is merely a sop offered to those who have been critical of the spending rate he has outlined for the state in the next few years. On the other hand, the greater sums a government is spending, the more important it is to the taxpayers to have careful controls on operations in order that waste will not eat up a greater number of tax dollars every year.

With the state government operating under a billion dollar budget for the current biennium, a very small percentage of the total amount going into inefficient operations could amount to a considerable quantity of dollars during the period. With more money being spent, it might follow that more would be wasted unless additional measures were taken to a.ssure the most economic operations possible by various departments and agencies.

By appointing David S. Coltrane as a special con^ sultant and member of the Advisory Budget Commission, Gov. Sanford has -created a position which By DON SCHLIENZ makes Coltrane a new watchdog of all state spending. ^

And by naming Coltrane to the position, the governor has picked probably the one man who knows more than any other about financial ^operations of all the

departments and agencies of the state government.

Evans Street- traffic Is right

This step taken by Gov. Sanford is a positive move .uparse when i go to work in the which is needed in the administration of the states morning. Fact is, one could park government. It is one which over the years could pro- just about where they please; vide an appreciable savings to citizens of the state by or if in a stone-throwing mood, bringing about greater efficiency and greater economy a stone thrown from Five in the states operations. Points might well clatter harm

lessly on the pavement.

The impression Is that Greenville keeps bankers hours. But 11 isnt really so.

roiice

'Re(sM^KNlKl

3usy In The Early Hours

Chester Bowles 'Tot Yet Secure

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) - Ever since last summer Chester Bowles. No. 2 in the State Department, has looked like a man who had been put on probation but was going to lose his Job anyway.

Presldertt Kennedy seemed unable to make up his mind about his undersecretary of state. It

boss of OPA during the war and, after it. of the Office of Price Stabilization, and as governor of his state.

This writer has been told by a source who ought to know that Bowles did get along well at State. Its an educated guess that Bowles and Kennedy didnt get along well.

The stories predicting Bowles,

Traffic arteries leading to the schools are bu.sy with buses, mothers driving children to fchool; fathers driving children tc school; teachers going to school; milk trucks, bread tTucks, an occasional van, taxis carrying household help or returning from such a mission . . . iris a surprisingly busy

t'me or day.

But downtown, things are only I eginning to stir.

Mary Jane, the unsung heroine of countless day-to-day r.Qventures around the house, is the most avid doU-carrier in the neighborhood. ^

Out-of-doors, she Is either carrying her well-bundled favorite or going to get the doll where it was kft but a moment before.

In the house, it is always close to hand. In bed. it is right there with her ... as are at least two other lesser members of her family.

And where Mary Jane goes In p, car, she is prepared: a doll has been apparently assigned to strictly travel duty and is stand-ii'g by for emergencies.

The approach of Christmas has made me doubly aware of el) this. For when thinking of a gift for a very little girl what

first comes to mind? A doll.

But with so much affection pnd attention lavished on those already in her possession, another seems like inviting im-l alance.

was harcUy a good or happy sit- downfall indicated the information critical of his performance at State came from White House people close to Kennedy.

But the anti-Bowles outburst was followed by a storyclearly pointing to its unnamed informants as men around Bowles which said bluntly hed get out of the Kennedy administration if he was removed as undersecretary.

The same day the pro-Bowles story appeared. Kennedy lunched with him and the White House denied Bowles was leaving.

This inspired liberal Sen. Joseph S. Clark, Pennsylvania Democrat and supporter of liberal Bowles, to announce on the Senate floor the conflict involving Bowles was all over It didnt .seem over to a lot of people in Washington.

Then Kennedy added to the uncertainty by saying at a news conference he had never asked Bowles for his resignation, had complete confidence in him, and always expected him to .serve out the life of his administration.

ButKennedy didnt say Bowles would not be removed as undersecretary. He said. Instead, that as of then he thought Bowles should stay as undersecretary, that he had no plans to ask him to take another as-.slgnment. but that he would ask Bowles if he thought he would fit in better somewhere else.

That wa.snt the same as saying he was going to remain undersecretary. Then it became a matter of waiting to see what happened to Bowies for by that time because of Kennedys vaguene.ss it was apparent that Bowles was on the chute.

Quote...

A home with a four-year-old is a ))Iii< e where you also wasli tfie Monp when you cleuii the

uation for a State Department man who had to deal with foreign governments, Bowles seemed to want to cling to the job.

Now Kennedy has bounced him from the undersecretarys job, offered him another.

Sunday, in the first big shake-up of his administration Kennedy shifted around a group of White House and State Department officials, including Bowles.

All the changes were specific except the one affecting Bowles who had been an adviser to Kennedy In the 1960 presidential campaign, head of the Office of Price Administration during the war, an ambassador to India, and governor of Connecticut.

In Bowles case Kennedy was just as vague as he had been before. The announcement made from Kennedys headquarters at Hyannls Port said simply that Bowles would get a high policy-making position.

Perhaps this means hell be offered a job as roving ambassador. If so, its the kind of job rumored in store for him last summer when it became clear, but perhaps not to Bowies, that his days as undersecretary were numbered.

Two things are odd about this ca.se: the way Kennedy handled the man who was next in command to Secretary Dean Ru.sk at the State Department; and the way Bowles took for months what amounted to a public em-barra.ssinent.

In the first place it has never been made clear certainly not officially clear why Kennedy was dussatusfied with Bow-le.s.

Last summer for several days there were news stories predicting Bowles wa.*^ going to be yanked and made a roving am-ba.s.sador because he didnt get along well in the State Department and was not a good ad-nilnLstralor.

This didn't make murh sense in view of tlie high admlnislra-llve jobh Uowie.s had handled; u-s bathroom.-Miners Digest.

Other Editors Saying... Inducement For Support

(Henderson Dispatch)

Record high prices paid for flue-cured tobacco on the Middle Belt and all belts, for that matter during the season just ended offer a decided inducement to growers to continue the support program for another three years. Undoubtedly they will be overwhelmingly favorable inclined in the December 12 referendum.

The Secretary of Agriculture has announced the same quotas for 1962 as prevailed in 1%1, except for the addition of a pittance of 330 acres additional to provide for so-called hardship cases. For practically all farms the acreage next year will be unchanged from the past season. That was to be expected, and permits further opiwrtuni-ty for the Stabilization Corporation to rid Itself of larger quantities of leaf held in storage under loan.

There Is no uneasiness as to the outcome of the referendum next month. Emphasis will be on inducing eligible tobacco growers to go to the polls and express their preference. Two-thirds of those voting must favor the quota system In order for It to be effective. If approved. allotments and price supports will continue. Should the decision be agalast the present sy.stem, there w'ill be neither quotas nor price supports.

For a quarter century, the tobacco program has been in ef-f<^ct, except for a single year.

No greater testimony than that is needed to prove the popularity

of the system with flue-cured farmers. They will favor its continuance for another three years, a policy which is about as certain as anything in the future can be.

The program has meant tremendous improvement in the economic plight of not only producers but also whole areas which are in large degree dependent upon tobacco for their prosperity. Sufficient flexibility is permitted to raise or lower quotas in keeping with demands

of the trade. In that way the

market has been sustained across the years.

Always, however, there is the need for caution in holding prices to a level which will not

frighten away foreign customers and thus crowd the American crop out of the world market. That could conceiva,bly happen.

One of the healthiest developments that could come to the

tobacco program generally would be for Stabilization to dispose of a large part of the surplus it now holds. Generous sales are made year after year, but unfortunately about as much tobacco is consigned to Stabilization as the price support agency Is able to dispose of. Its sales much go w'ell ahead of Its receipts If these huge excesses are to be worked off.

High prices the past .season were a tremendous lift to producers. and the pattern can continue only if growers, by their action on December 12. elect to keep the greatest beneficial process they have ever experienced.

It occurred to me that todays' youngsters must think their rarents quite mad when they tecali aloud the Boris Karloff roles of monster, spooky scientists and demented doctors.

Watching and listening as the Rctor introduces one of a weekly series of chill-inspiring television shows, Karloff appears these days the gentlest and kindliest of souls . . only

half-heartedly trying to build pr atmosphere of suspense.

With this new image, our future voters are full of resistance to the pitch that in bygone days tl'e Karloff menace was a byword. Only a fraction of the impact is caught by our 21-Inch screens reviving one of those old 1 orrors.

Opinions In Brie:

The small son of a worker who was sick said that the family expected it would lae a long time before his father returned work because compensation had set in. Salt Lake Tribune.

We have more electric power capacity than the next five countries of the world combined; three times that of the Soviet Union. This is only the beginning. It is expected that the Industrys investments by 1970 will be $88 billionNearly double the i960 figure. Industrial News Review.

Fight TB

Use Christmas Seals

i: acing A Crisis

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Copyright, 1961, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Two conflicting reports are available: one shows the cor^stant Increase of crime and the lowering ages of (n'iminals; the other is the report of the Civil Rights Commission that police brutality is widespread and should be curbed. The statistical report of the FBI on criminal activities is a stirtement of fact; the report of the Civil Rights Commission is a statement of opinion.

Let us take New York Chty where I live as an example. Crime has increased so that parks are closed at night; men and women are mugged on principle streets at night; pocket-book snatching is not unusual: certain streets are unsafe for anyone not only because.of individual assaults and roblaerles but because of gang fights.

These conditions are so In many large Northern and Eastern cities. The very kindly Father Hesburgh. President of Notre Dame who is a member of the Civ Rights Commission, writes:

1. 'The actions of most policemen demonstrate that effective law enforcement is possible without the use of unlawful violence.

2. Nonetheless, police brutality by some state and local officers presents a serious and continuing problem In m a'n y parts of the United Stat. Bolh whites and Negroes are^lthe victims, but Negroes are the victims of such brutality far more, proportionately, than any other group in American sohiety.

The Job of a policeman is to maintain order on his beat and to prevent criminals from molesting decent- citizens. The policeman should be free to beat up a hoodlum with a night-stick and to shoot to kill, if necessary. Father Hesburgh originally came from the Bronx and if he would walk through the streets of his childhood, he would be shocked by the conditions that exist there.

The confusion in this report arises from the general tendency to drag the Negro question Into all discussions on any subject, as though that question alone mattered In our society. I prefer to call it the Negro question because that is what it is. Sociologists and others prefer to hide behind fancy words, but the fact of the matter is that the discussion is about Negroes and Puerto Ricans.

It is not unusual for new Immigrants to find it difficult to adjust to the new and. in many respects, novel situations in which they find themselves when they ere uprooted from their traditional mores. The family structure rapidly disintergrates and 3T0uth lives in an undisciplined atmosphere. This was true, of the Irish immigrants; of the Russian -Polish -Rumanian and other Jews who settled in such a section as the East Side of New York; it was true of the early Italian immigrants who organized such societies as the Black Hand and the Mafia; it was true of the Southern Negro who moved North In the hope of bettering his conditions and found that he was unwelcomed despite the Northern boast of a superior racial attitude.

There are many reasons why the newer migrant groups (and I include the Negroes in this category) become local prol> lems. Adjustments aire not easy. My youth was spent under precisely the conditions that all the reports deal with. Recently, I visited the Educational Alliance, the settlement house which was a second home to me in those days. The fellowship of older men and women Included a number who are now distinguished and wealthy. One of the friends of my childhood has contribut-, ed a (juarter or a half million dollars for good works the amount is unimportant because he told me that he expects to give it all back before he dies and his wife said Amen to that.

But when we were boys we were poor and many of the parents engaged in marginal trades. The police were not brutal but they kept us in order. Those who did not obey their parents and the police in time joined gangs, as some others of us joined settlements. Those who joined gangs became major criminals and are among the best-known crimlnaLs and racketeers of the past half century. Others became priests, rabbis, doctors, lawyers, judges, busi-nes.smen and even college professors..

The policeman can be a good friend but he must have a strong arm. When the night-(Continued on Page 6)-

Strength For Today

Charity Angle Can Cut Tax Bil.

Bv KARL L. l)Or(;LASS FAITH MAKKS l\S IIAI'PY

Be glad Ju the I.ord aiul rejoice ye rlghleou.s

Why. oh why. do we keep on .spreading the untruth that reli-Klon is a nutter uf gloom and iteniaJ? Rellgjoas faith Indeed caiLM's u.s to face life u) a spu it of quiet solemnity. But such solemnity is not gloom. It is resolute purpose manifesting itself as It faces life's issues The fruK of ti-ue rehgioas ialth Is Joy. The really happy people In the world are people who have a hoW on some pei^ glon and who in turn allow that religion to have a hold dh them. They acknowledge the moral standards which this religion sets up. They give themselves seriously to living up to these standarda. They turn from evil Id Um aplrU of Jesus who in

hLs encounter with Satan said, Gel thee b<*hlnd me. Satan.

Yts. there Is plenty of serl-oiisne.ss about sincere religion, but the outstanding characteristic of sincere religion is joy. If you think that the happy people in the world are sluneis and the unhappy people are the church members, then go to a Oliurch .service aiKl listen to a congregation singing a hymn of joy and triumph, Read the New Testament and find therein the prcrnuies of joy loo great for the huni^mlnd to comprehend to-artttcipatlon.

Be glad in the Lord, and rejoice, ye righteous. Do you want to be truly happy? Then lay hold on religious faith and let tt lay Iwld on you There 1* no Joy so great as the joy which such comuuuncat produces.

Bv KI..MKR ROESSNER The throb of giving is sweet

to bejir. Dorothy Parker.

That^ certainly true if you are in a high income bracket.

As Taxes and Art. a 22-page booklet prepared by Pren-tice-Hall for French and Co., New Yuik, say.s:

Today a valuable work of art can be complemented by the spectacular lax-saving effects of a charitable gift of that same masterpiece. The astute art collector has it in his power to drastically slice his over-all lax bill

It was pointed out here yestfr-day that the MetropollUn Museum of Art's purchase of Rembrandts "Aristotle was not only free of taxes but offered the Erickson estate a method of reducing heavy estate taxes The FrencH - PfenUcc - Hall booklet adds, Through the sophisticated use of charitable de

duction. he (the astute collect-ort can cut his taxes by more than one-third.

FINANCED BY GOVERN.MENT

As was the case in the Rembrandt Ari.stotle sale, the authors point out tliat (1 your charitable deduction l.s mea.sur-,ed by the current value of your gift, and (2) you aie not charged with Income or taxed on the difference between what you paid for the painting or other art object and its present appreciated value.

As an individual's taxes go up. his cost of living goes down, the authors point out. The cost of a deductible gift to a person in the SO per cent bracket is 50 cents for each $1 give. On the other hand the cost to a person in the top tax bracket .r is only 9 cents -he saves 91 cents on the dollar!

As a result, charitable con

tributors are largely financed by the government.

WITHOUT ACTUALLY CHEATING

The booklet cites several cases in which intriguing tax strategy works.

One Mr. Martin, in the 90 per cent bracket, has a painting that cost him $30,000. If he .selLs it to another collector for $70.-000, he will get only $60,000 after the 2.5 per cent capital gains tax on the $40,000 profit alid the government will get $10,000.

But If he gives it to a museum he has a charitable deduction of $70.000 which, since he is in the 90 per cent bracket, is worth $63,000 to him, a net gain of $3.000.

The booklet points out that if a person in the current tax year and eight of the preceding ten tax years has given away more than 90 per cent of his taxable Income, elthej to charity or the governmedt, he can deduct as

much as he wants to give.

The booklet has sections on, Give on the Instalment plan. Give your art object and still keep it. Art collecting via tax savings. and Art coUectlng by corporations.

Tax-escapement through buying. up-appraising and giving away of works of art may be an Important factor in the spectacular rise in price of objects dart In recent years Our crazy, mixed-up tax system may be the cause of the glorification and enrichment of our crazy, mixed-up painters, sculptors and designers.

Your personal escapement la clear: <D get rich. (2) write French & Co., 978 Madison Ave . New York 21, saying, "I am a millionaire or trying to be one. and ask for a copy of Taxes and Art, i3) buy some art. almost anything, <4i give it away but (5 only with a tax expert at your shoulder.