Friday, Kovember 10, 1961 * * .

Democrats Reveal No Weakening

Fidlout

' Republican hopes for a clear indication that the past year may have brought marked changes in voter attitudes toward the two major political parties were dashed in the outcome of elections Tuesday in New York and New Jersey.

The contests for the governors office in New Jersey and for the Mayors office in New York ,City were the first major tests of party strength since President Kennedy took office in January. In both cases Republicans had asserted that the outcome would indicate the feeling of the people toward the two na-, tional parties and would herald the outcome of the 1962 congressional elections.

In New Jersey a little-known state judge won by a narrow victory over James P. Mitchell who served as Secretary of Labor in the Eisenhower cabinet and ' gained a national reputation. In New York City Democratic Mayor Robert Wagner defeated the GOP candidate Louis Lefkowitz and an^ independent democrat despite the fact" that Lefkowitz had the forceful backing of Gov. Rockefeller.

The outcome of these two elections^ indicates that the Democrats have lost little, if any, strength in these two important strongholds. If the outcome of the two elections is a barometer, for next years congressional contests, the Democrats should have little trouble hold-ing/iheir present majority, and may well expect to gain seats in'congress.

Republicans, on the other hand, who had been asserting that the Democratic ^Iharty has lost favor since the Kennedy administration has taken power, obviously will have to re-evaluate the national picture in the light of the New York and New Jersey contests. The results may also afford members of congress an

'i^esults Will Be ma Discussec.

By LYNN NISBET

DIAGNOSIS Ekjonomic and politically minded people In North Carolina will devote a great deal o attention during the next two to ten yeara to atudy of Tueadaya bond election. Effort will be made to determine why certain thinga happened aa they did, and what will be the likely long range effect of theae happeninga.

Aa of now. and aince the election reaults were reported Tuesday night, the folka who will later aeek to make the* analyaia have been in a atate of shock, too stunned to think clearly.

^ Very briefly thla is the picture: The General Assembly authorized a vote by the people of the atate on the question of issuing 161-6 million bonds for permanent improvements at colleges. hoapitala. correctional schools and other needs distributed all over the state. The ballot for the election was divided into ten categories, so that no voter was required to face the issue of all or nothing, but did have the breakdown by classification of use.

Not many pe<^le expected every voter to vote for every bracket, but there was general belief that the college and mental hospital items would survive-Baaed on experience in past bond elections moat observers estimated a total vote this week of 200,000 or less. But when the voters got started they kept comingmore than 350,000 of them. And they didnt vote by any pre-arranged plan. Majority of them just voted against the bond issue.

And there wasnt anybody to report to or to Join in a victory celebration. It was just a little bit anti-climatic. Some of the bond proponents did have arrangements for a little party but there wasnt anything to celebrate.

WHAT HAPPENED Bui what happened to persuade the voters to turn thumb.s down on the bonds Most observer concede that there are so many factors, it would be difficult and perhapsunfair to classify a few of them as controlling.

Furthermore, a very casual glance at the record will show that some of the alleged causes had verj little influence. For one thing there was the implication that th^ bonds would not cost the taxpayers anything. The fact was emphas.zed that no new

or additional taxes would be necessary to finance the bond program. Nobody ever said the bonds would not cost several million dollars, or bothered to explain that if money already in the treasury was not used for that purpose it would be available for other uses. Some of the newsmen handling general publicity on the campaign were interested in what at times looked an effort to convince the reporters that the bonds wouldnt cost anything.

And, speaking of the reporters, the recent special bond election affords interesting commentary on the influence and power of the press. So far as this writer can ascertain, every newspaper in North Carolina which took an editorial position on the question supported the bond Issue, or some part of it. And. yet when the votes were counted up Tuesday night, not a -single one of the ten issues was adopted by the statewide vote. It appears that in some local communities newspaper support carried the bonds. That is gratifying to the newspaper and pleasing to the communitybut it docs not help North Carolina.

BIG FOLKSIt Is very difficult in this situation to write about the Governor of North Carolina and the State Admln-Lstration without going too far out in proclaiming Mr. Big. Whether he Intended It that way or not, it is fact that most people in North Carolina have accepted the role into which they believe Terry Sanford has committed himself as the Tdp Man. the Big Man, almost the One Man with respect to the state administration.

He has in many ways, sometimes inadvertently, emphasized that position. The other night for instance, he accepted full and complete personal responsibility for probable failure to present the bond issues adequately to the people. Of course he had to share responsibility for the failure. hut he indicated it was his sole obligation.

One Is inclined to wonder what may develop during the remaining three years of his administration, If Governor Sanford insists now on assuming full authority and responsibility for every act of^ State government.

Question might arise as to what obligation or responsibility the * next General Assembly might have In this premise.

The Da3y Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday EaUblUhed 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publiihar "

filtered at Pott Office, OreenvlUe, N C.. aa second claas mn* matter. _

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Week 30( Week 35c

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier (In Towns)

By Carrier (Motor Routes)

BY MAIL, Payable In Adwi__

OreenvUl# Pott Office. Put County, RobertonvUls. Vanosbote Washington and Chocowlnlty.

Three ilontha ........................... I

Six Months .............. yjQQ

On# Year ............................UjQO

North Carolina (other than listed above)

Three Months . .. .. .................. I 4jQ0

8ix Months ................................. Iji

On# Year ..... I4j0

All Other Outside North Carolina

Thres Months .............................. I jg

Six Months ...........................

On# Year .............................

MKMBEB ABtiOCTATED PBEBS The Aeaodeted Press Is cxciusiveiy enUUed to us# tor pubUcaUoe eli news dlspetches credited to It or not otherwise credited to thli peper and also the local newt pu'ollshed herein All rlghta of publication of apaclaJ dlapatcbea here are alao reaarvad.

NATIONAL AlkVEBTIBlNO REPBE8ENTATIVBS numias P Clark Co Inc.. New York. Chlcafo, Atlanta tltmkai Audit Bureau of Ctrculation.

All adverttsmg oopj must be rocelvod at loaai one day tiafore DubtlcaU|D dete.

occasion to evaluate their own* positions with respect to the Kennedy program in Washington between now and the time congress reconvenes in January President Kennedy put his prestige behind the gubernatorial race in New Jersey and his hand was strengthened by the outcome.

What the Republicans had declared was to be an

important election day for them backfired, and instead became an important day for the Democratic party not only in those two states, but on the national level a^ well. . r

Pitt3 Vote Reflected Awareness Of Needs

It has not been uncommon in the past for Pitt County to find itself in the losing column after a state-wide bond election were tabulated.

Pitt was counted among the 18 of the 100 counties of the state which gave approval to as many as eight of the 10 separate proposals except those for additional buildings in the capital area. Pitt was in this latter group.

As the home of East Carolina College, the third largest state-supported educational institution in the state, it is not surprising that Pitt was among the 28 counties which voted in favor of the $31 million for educational institutions. In this respect, however, it differed from Wake County, home of N. C. State College, and Guilford County, home of the Womans College of the Greater University which voted against the bond issue for colleges.

And although Pitt County voted in favor of eight of the 10 bond proposals, there was a wide difference of voter opinion as rcUccted in returns from the countys 25 precincts. Paiticularly is this true in the college bond election.

In the city of Greenville, the college bonds were approved by a margin of almost 5 to 1 with 1,247 votes for the issue and only 253 against. Outside Greenville, however, only five of the countys other 17 precincts voted in favor of the educational bonds, and those were by margins ranging from 26 down to four votes. Margins against the educational bond issue were as much as two to one or more in some of the precincts in Pitt.

Pitt Countys vote, in our opinion, reflected a greater awareness of the pressing needs for capital improvements than was the case in most counties of the state. It likewise reflected a greater confidence in the fiscal policie.s of the state and in the states future ability to push forward to higher ground than was the case on the state-wide basis.

Operating In A Very Low Key

By HAL BOYLE

Money Is

osing Respect

NEW YORK (AP)Have you been noticing how feebl# your money is lately?

It doesnt go so far.

Money is like people. As it grows older, k doesnt seem able to do as much as it did when younger. And therefore it doesnt command the same respect from those around it.

The dollar bill is showing its age. It has lost a lot of cents. As long ago as the Truman administration the lOO-cent dollar had declined to 54 cents.

Today the portrait of George Washington would have to undergo a real face-lifting job to get the dollar back up even to that level.

The erosion of money con

tinues in small almost unnoticed ways and goes on, it seems, no matter what we do or who runs the government.

Every now and then something happens, however, to call it dramatically to our personal attention.

A few weeks ago. for example, I handed the bootblack in our office a quarter for a shoeshine, as I have fo^: many years- H* shook his head.

Tts 30 cents. he said.

Thirty cents for a shoeshine? I asked, a bit dazed.

Why not? he replied. The price of everything else has gone up. I gotta raise my price, too.

A few days ago I asked him

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) Un-dramatlc. unsensation^ and. very often, uncolorful. Those are the three most consistent characteristics of President Kennedys performance In 18 news conferences. *

In other words, he operates In a low l^ey, very often understating rather than overstating.

President Roosevelt, 'Truman and Elsenhower sometimes burst into anger, sometimes rocked the house with laughter. Kennedy doesnt get angry and his humor is genially sly or subtle.

Is this deliberate policy a thought-out techniqueor is it just Kennedy? Its so consistent its probably just Kennedy himself.

He gave an early Insight Into all thisalthough it wasnt realized at the timeat his very> first presidential news conference, six days after becoming chief executive last January.

He started it by saying he had several announcements. The first was a statement about the resumption of nuclear test ban talks with the Russians at Geneva. Then he said this country would step up its famine relief to the Congo.

He reserved for last the announcementand It made headlines laterthat the Ru.sslans had released two American fliers whose RB47 bomber had been shot down by the Russians six months before.

Wednesday he had a chance to make some political hay, with broad swipes at the Re-publicians, when asked for comment on some Democratic victories In Tuesdays elections. He played this low-key. too. but not magnifying their importance.

He has done the same In the most critical foreign pfOblems when, with very few exceptions, hr has been nonbelligerent even though his opposite number, Premier Khnishchev, was tearing up the yard with threats and Ihundehngs.

All this raises two questions:

1. What will be the long-range effect on the American peoples attitude to a President who plays it cool and doesnt make their pulse beat fa.ster oqce in a while except for some of the literary touches he puts into his ipeeches?

2. What will be the effect ov

erseas. among Allies and in the Communist world which, specifically in the case of Khrushchev. has been needling him and giving him abundant provocation for anger?

As for question No. 1: Hei been doing all right so far from a personal standpoint. He got himself elected President and as of now he stands extremely high in the popularity polls. Whether this lasts is something else.

As for. question Nk>, 2: It should be easy for people overseas, particularly the Communist world, to look upon his restraint In the face of Khrushchevs threats and bomb-ratL lings as a mark of weakness or timidity.

Even if the nature of the man himself were not the reason, it would be easy to understand why Kennedy has. so quietly handled the Berlin crisis created by Khrushchev: The Allies themselves have not agreed on what to do.

Nevertheless, Kennedys reticence with Khrushchev may have borne good fruit.

Khrushchev gives the impression of a man who is anxious to cover up some inner uncertainty by over-aggressiveness. At the rate he was going it would have been easy for him to talk himself Into a war.

If Kennedy had tried to outdo Khrushchev in a shouting match the Russian might have been rendered so self-conscious that, feeling challenged to make good on his threats, hed think he had to.

Kennedy forced no such challenge on him. Now Khrushchev is making milder sounds. A reasonable settlement may now be possible but would have been rendered impossible if Kennedy had tried to out-Khrushchev Khrushchev.

Kennedy, instead of slamming the door on reason, left it open. Whether Khrushchev walks In or whether he thinks Kennedys reticence w timidity and therefore something to be used and abu.sedremains for the future. . '

But so does any valid and final appraisal of whether Kennedys sometimes uncolor-ful handling of the pre.sldency Ls better or worse than a more vibrant method.

Other E(ditors Saying

t ,

Heres What We Hearc.

(Kinston Free Press)

North Carolinians, some 3(X).-000 strong, went to the polls on Tuesday and rejected an array of 10 twnd issues for state projects totaling $61,665,000. There will be many post-mortems, citing reasons why the people acted as they did. Here is one evaluation.

In the face of the three per cent across-the-board sales tax for improved education which became effective last July, the majority of the people wanted to wait and see if the borrowing of $61.665,000 more in capital improvement funds would be necessary.

Governor Sanford has assumed blame for the defeat of the issues, but can the Legislature escape its share also? Did it not reject' other means of securing necessary revenues for schools and resort to the food tax at the suggestion of the Governor? C^arettes, tobacco, soft drinks and other items escaped serious consideration for the additional revenue programs.

'The multiplicity of the i.ssues created confusion. Two or three major items, such as the needed facilities at the colleges, the port terminal expansions and the needs of the mental hospitals could have been spelled out in detail without addition of the many other issues. Most North Carolinians could not understand why it was necessary to ballot on such items as tobacco research stations and additional rest rooms for tourist facilities at Mount Mitchell, when they were asked to pass on only a fraction of the multi-million dollar' expenditure for a mod

ern state house at Capitol Square in Raleigh.

There was lack of unanimity within the Democratic Party iL self, hence some did not vote for the bonds, ev^n though they supported the Governors basic education program.

The Republican Party did not go all out for the bonds, although some of its leaders favored certain issues. The outcome of the bond referendum is virtually certain to have repercussions in the election of legislators next Spring.

When the Supreme Court ruled earlier this year that the court reform and other constitutional questions to be placed before the electorate could not be acted on until 1962, it meant the bond vote would bear the full brunt of any reaction to tax and other issues aroused in the 1961 Legislature.

It is obvious to us that North Carolinians are just as progressive as they were prior to the bond referendum. Periods of reaction usually follow a positive step forward. However, the people felt that this should be a waitrand-see period. If the sales tax revenues do not measure up to all the needs, then further consideration to the issues can be given. The people said in so many words: Y^s, were for progress, but lets not issue a blank check yet.

The best thing about it is the ' fact that there was a good vote and the result was decisive. It should be helpful as the leaders and the people resume their joint task of moving North Carolina forward.

if his 30-cent scale had cost him many customers.

No, he said. Why should it? Business is as good as ever. Whats an extra nickel to most people?

Well, to one man at least that extra nickel was a disillusioning experience in basic economics-I can distinctly remember when,

if you paid 15 cents for a shoeshine, it gave you the feeling you were a real sport and something of a patron of the fine arts. Now ^ 30 cents I was barely meeting the going rate.

Even as long ago as the World War I era a vice president of the United States could murmur nostalgically: What

this country needs is a good five-cent cigar.

But at that time you could still get a pack of cigarettes for six cents, a five-cent glass of beer, and buy a good serviceable topcoat for less than a medium-priced pair of shoes cost now

Remember the $2 hotel room, the two-bit haircut, the nickel cup of coffee, the 15-cent shave, the penny postcard, the two-cent letter, the nickel hot dog, and the ..15-cent ham and cheese sandwich?

All these landmarks of lower-priced living stand out in the memory of the average middle-aged, middle-class American. He dreams of them sometime as he drives to work in a car that cost him four times as much as the car he'drove in his youth.

The jingle of coins in his pocket used .to be a satisfying sound. Now a jingle doesnt mean so much. There has to be the crisp crinkling sound of folding currency.

It makes a man a bit sad to realize that both he and money have grown older, and neither will ever quite be again what they used to befor time invisible wears down the value and promise of each.

Opinions In Brief

According to an analyst, revenue collected from " the American pe^le by federal, state and local governments increased a staggering $20 billion in a single year. The total was $154 billion in 1960. as against $134 billion in 1959.Industrial News Review.

Who Is A Rea', iiberal?

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyrisbt. 1961. King Features * Sjmdiciate, Inc.

I am not a book-revlewer and shall probably get into some violent argument over An Answer To Goldwater, which should be reviewed by someone who has nothing else to do. However, the publisher sent me this book without any request on my part and I assume that an unfavorable review sells as many lxx)ks as a favorable one. In fact, an author opce wrote to me asking that I attack his book as he , thought that that would bring it ' circulatl(m. I declined to perpetrate such an outrage.

An Answer To Goldwater was written by Millard L. Howell, Professor of American History, Evening College. Drexel Institute of Technology. Professor Howell devotes a page to The Meaning of Liberalism and that ought to start an argument, no Liberal agreeing with another, each having a definition of his own for the truth of which he will fights battle of verbal violence.

Professor Howells definition is:

Real American Liberalism la the incorporation of mans innate rights and duties in contractual form In order to procure the best in life for the American people. This recognizes the democratic principle of majority rule with due recognition and respect for the rights of the minority. A real Liberal knows that a self-regulatory economy can produce nothing of permanent value. The opposite of the American-liberal way of life is the.-reactionary form of government, represented by the Conservatives. The results of reactionary government redound to the benefit of a small group of extremely wealthy people who rebel at government which represents all of the people rather than this small selfish group of the sons of Midas. A Liberal adheres to our Constitution and the Bill of Rights. A Libcral-Americans creed is equality of opportunity. Our aim is to preserve our capitalistic system and to oppose any Communistic or reactionary attempt to destroy It.

The first sentence puzzles m# as a definition. For instance, what are mans innate rights? Let us say that we are referring to a cannibalwhat are his -Innate rights? Or is this defini-. tion lifnited to an American? Surely an Uzbeg has no innets rights which Soviet Russia recognizes as such. The Declaration of Independence recogni> es that man possesses unalienable rights which come to him from Natures God and Natures Law. But are those rights Innate as, for example, .the genes are innate?

Let us go a step further. The professor himself finds his way to Rousseau and discovers mans innate rights and duties in contractual form.

But where does government exist by contract? Government is the imposition of a rule of life and law either by force or accepted by consent. The American theory is government by choice which Is unrelated to majority rule. In fact, throughout American history, power has been expressed by a vocal and powerful minority, the majority never asserting itself. The Constitution at no place delegates rights to the majority but rather protects the individual from the tyranny of the majority. The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, in particular defend the rights of one human being from the possibility of control and domination by a majority. Majority rule Is authorized nowhere in the Constitution. In fact, provision is made for the choice of the President by the Electoral College, for tht choice of Senators by state legislatures, by the appointment of the Federal Judiciary for life to avoid majority rule.

A statement that the opposite' of the American liberal way of life is the reactionary form of government seems to me nonsense. The adjective, reactionary, is not explained. Dozens of forms of government exist wjjich are not in any way replicas of the American-liberal way of life, and they serve their people advantageously, it all depends upon local conditions and (Continued on Page 9)

ess Inflation Than We Think?

Strength For Today

By EARL I.. DOIGLA.SS BEWAKK THAT CHIP

Relax! Relax Brother! Relax!

We hear thl.s admonition a great deal today and there Is plenty of wusdom in it. When we are len.se, our mental energy begins to flow into channels which can easily destroy tht; power ofgood judgement. The tense person easily ^omes angry. The tfuse person is unable to arrive at well considered judgement.. Above all, the tense person is inclined to be querulous and ill-tempered.

Someone has said that we Can never relax with a chip on ovir shoulder. To relax means ex-' actly what the world Indicates to loosen all tensions,* become approachable ao that reason-at)le peopl^ and reasonable ideas

can gain a hearing before our minds. Great art depends upon muscular relaxation. The athlete knows just what muscles to flex and what musches to relax. The pianLst has a relaxed forMrm and wrist else he could not* perform satisfactorily.

It Is hard to tell parents, to relax when teenagersprobably of every generation but particularly of this onecan think up as many things as they do to destroy adult peace and mind and arouse anxiety. But tension and excitement, anger and scolding words do littleand probably always have done littlein tbs settlement of problems between parents and children.

. If you find it hard to relax, just examine one of your shoulders or the other. You may find a chip thereon.

By ELMER ROESSNER The theory that we have less inflation than we think is advanced by Richard Ruggles, distinguished Yale professor, in the current issue of Challenge magazine, published by New York University.

In fact, under Professor Ruggles theory, we may actually have been having deflation, at least aince the Korean War.

Ruggles pointed out that the consumer * price index has increased about 25 per cent since 1948. About one-third of the increase came in a single year at the beginning of the Korean affair and the rest was spread over the other 12 years, about l*j per cent a year.

And, he continued, there were' many segments of the index that have not increased, consumer durables showing a decline of about 3 percent. In other segments. he went on. the quality of items increased more than the price.

CITES MEDICAL GAINR^

In the case of medical care. he wrote, the apparent 90 per cent increase In the laat eight yeara mutt be qualified by con-slclerlng the increase in medical knowledge, better drugs ajid the new preventativ# medicine.

Ortainly the Salk vaccine was a tremendous medical advance which, in addition to sparing many lives, will save con-< sumers dollars that would have gone for the treatment of polio,

Ruggles is on sure ground when he says that Salk vaccine represents more for the medical dollar and, hence, is deflationary. However, if the cast of vaccine reduces the average familys expenditure for polio treatment, that fact should have been reflected in the consumer price Index. If people were paying less in that area, that factor in the index should have been down, not up.

The Yale professor did not bring in the .disclosures of the Kefauver committee which Indicated that the prices of many wonder drugs were InflaMd by the manufacturers.

MORE FOR AUTO DOLLAR

He also quoted the testimony of Prof. Zvl Griliches (cqi of the University of Chicago who told a Congressional hearing that the actual value of autos Increased so much from 1954 to 1960 that, although the liat prices rose 11 per cent, buyers were actually getting as much as 27 per cent more for their money. (While Ruggles did not point this

out, some of this increase was in fins and frills, which were largely thrust upon buyers.)

Ruggles also pointed out that the addition of new commodities and the dropping of old ones do not affect the Index, because the index was designed that way. The Introduction of such things as teleij^ion, synthetic fibers and plastic products has had no effect on the index. But the introduction of new iM-oducts obviously does have an influence on consumers standard of living, he wrote.

One can safely suggest that, given the size of the average yearly increase in the consumer price index since Korea, quality and product Improvement may well have been much greater. ao that we may actually have had declining rather than rising prices.

A MILD DISSENT

This ingenious theory is persuasive because it has tome elements of truth in it. It Is true that, in many instances, the. public I getting more for its dollar because of technological and scientific ndvantaget. If $5 worth of Salk scrum will prevent polio, no other segment of the consumer price index matters; the consumer is getting

more for one-sixth of an ounce of gold than ever before in human history. But few consumer expenditures are in that ra-tk>.

For example: round steak was 90.3 cents a pound in 1955 and $1.057 a pound this year, and was no more tender nor tasty. Pork chops went from 79.3 to

86.8 cents a pound in the same span. Delivered fresh milk went from 23.1 to 26.2 cents a quart. Margarine went down, from 28.9 to 27.9 cents a pound (restrictions were lifted), but hydrogenated shortening ro6e from

34.9 to 86.8 cents a pound!

For another example: the

price of homes and loCs and of rent have gone up, from an index number of 117.9 in 1952 to 143.6 in mid>1931. In some instances, houses are better built and rented quarters have some refinements, such as a TV aerial. But In many cases dwellings built in 1952 are far better than they are todayand mush closer to places of employment. The assessed valuation of the house I Uve in has gone up almost 50 per cent since 1952.

Prof. Ruggles has an interests Ing, happy theory. It's too bad there is not more substance to it.