fridty, October 2t. 1991

Calculated Risks Must Be Token

Stay' of Exocntkm

The United States has tested and asserted its border crossing rights between East and West Berlin, but the incidents came as a result of a great calculate ed risk which the American officials in Berlin were willing to take.

There can be little question but that more than the right to cross'the border between East and West in the divided city was at stake for the risk to be taken. Apparently American commanders in West Berlin have been instructed to challenge directly any new^ restrictions the East Germans or the Soviets seek to set up at the border. The incident indicates* that the Western Allies are now ready to press the East Germans and Soviets on matters kegardin^ the "divided city rather than passively accepting further restrictions on movement between East and West.

It could well be that this new policyif indeed it is a policyis an outgrowth of recent speculation that the wall between East and West Berlin would never have been completed by the East Germans and the Soviets had the West moved to actively challenge . Its construction at the outset. The recent incidents at the border suggest that the Western powers in Berlin have decided upon a tough attitudeeven though risks are involvedrather than mere verbal protests

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whici hwce constituted the West's primary reaoton to Sonkt and East German restrictions on West Berlin in recent months.

The people of the United States and other western countries should be iully cognizant of the risks involved if such a new policy has been adopted by the West. Each'incidentsuch as those at the border in recent daysincreases the possibility .that some trig

ger-happy action by an individual on either side might explode the whole Berlin powder keg. It must also be realized, however, that the time* has come for the. West either to stand up for what it contends to be its rights in Berlin or fall back under new and increasing restrictions prompted by the Soviets.

History clearly indicates - that concessions .to power-hungry totalitarian states seldom satisfy their appetite. One concession merely whets the appetite for another concession until the victim must decide whether to risk a fight by rejecting demands for further concessions, or submit to being devoured.

Tobacco Farmers Saw

ittle Interes

An Exceptional Season

!n Bonds Vote

By LYNN NISBET

BONDSWith voting <Uy on the $62 million SUtte bond i&sue for capital improvement* now less than two weeks away there is marked lack of Interest among the rank and file of the voters. Your reporter has found very little acUve opposition to any of the items, none at all to the college* and hospitals proposals. On the other hand he has found very Ute really vigorous support for the bond program. Indications now are the vote will be very light and close, with a hard-sell program indicated if the majority of the Issues are approved.

There is some evidence that appeals In behalf of the bonds on the grounds that we must back up our Governor are backfiring in their effect. Republicans, who constitute about one-third of the total voting strength of the state, particularly do not like that type of appeal. This Is not, or should not be a partisan matter. Republican leaders are divided in their aupporl. State Chairman Bill Cobb has said he cannot support the port gond issue of 113.5 million. But Bob Oavln, who came closer to winning the nomination for Governor last yesT than any Republican since 192' 1* all out for the port* im-prr *nt bonds.

*,e of the amount involv-eing the second biggest nong the ten to be voted, encause upstate folks are vet thoroughly sold on the VRl'-e of the ports, it is regarded as unfortunate that the bond ac. does not specify uses for the $13.4 million. There Is statutory breakdown for use of the money listed in every other of the nine brackets. So mucy for class rooms, or dormitories, or laboratories, or gymnasium repairs. libraries or deep well*.

WIDE OPENThere is provision that by concurrence of the agencies involved^ the advisory budget commission and the Budget Bureau, allocations of bond moneys can be transferredbut only after the original specifications have been preU ty well met.

The paragraph dealing with the ports bonds provides only that the money shall be spent, within dlscreUon of the State Ports Authority, for construction. acquisition and improvements of ports facilities. The Ports Authority has announced plans for specific improvements at Morehead City and WU-mington, but nothing in the bond act binds them to that announc* ed programa* is the case in the other items to be voted upon. Nobody thinks the Ports Authority will apply all the $13.5 million to one project at one port, but the fact remains there is no statutory ban against such use of the bond money.

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It would seem that the Ports Authority has a hard-sell Job to do in order to convince the voters that without statutory requirement the bond proceeds will be divided accorcRng to the program outlined.

SUPPORT-Tbe lackadalsacal attitude toward the bonds does not Include the publicity medls. Newspapers, radio and television are almost 100 percent in full iupport. Re.sult of the November 7 vote may have several significant phases which do not show on the surface or at casual glance.

What will be the rate of im'o-gress for North Carolina during the next few years is one question to be answered.

Also at stake is the prestige of ^e Sanford State administration and perhaps the future control of the Republican party.

And less obvious, but Just as real. Is the question of how much influence the newspapers and other publicity media can exercise in tts state,

VOTERS Many people have thought for a long time that the comparative figures on actual voting strength as compared with the legal potential gave an unfair and distorted picture of the patriotism of North Carolin-Isns,

The Washington Daily News usM some published figures on alleged voter registration In Beaufort county as basis for editorial diacuision of this point^,^ The editorial comment begins with the statement we resd in the newspapers that in Beaufort county today there are 16,212 white registered voters and S.-319 Negro registered voters. That makes a total of 19,531 registrants on the books of the county. Of that number 83 per cent is white and 17 per cent is Negro.

The^ editor points out that there arc several hundred names of persons deceased and moved out of the county included in that list. He doubts there are more than 15,000 eligible voters in Beaufort county. He suggests that the number of Negroes listed may ge fairly accurate, because they have been put on the books more recently, and that most of the reduction in estimate should be made in the white list. That would change the ratio from the reported 83-17 to an approximate 78-22 much more reasonable comparison.

What The News is more concerned about is the percentage voting record of the county. It is found that last November a towal of 8.801 ballots were cast in the general election. On a registration of 19,531 that amounts to less than 46 per cent, while the editor feels sure that at least 60 per cent of the voters turned out for the Kennedy-Nixon and Sanford - Gavin election.

Pitt Countys tobacco selling season, a high point of every year in this tobacco-region of the state, comes to a close today with final sales on the Greenville market. The Farmville* market ended its season Wednesday. ^

Generally speaking, farmers of this area are now looking at the 1961 tobacco selling season as one of the most successful they have ever had Average prices were considerably above those of last year, and in many cases individual farmers saw their crop bring the highest average price they had ever receive*!.

It is true that the total yield of Pitts tobacco crop this year was lower in pounds than in 1960, but for many individual farmers of the county both poundage and prices were higher than a. year ago.

During the selling season the two tobacco markets of Pitt County sold more than 81 million pounds of tobacco and paid farmers more than $52.4 million dollars, a favorable total compared with other years when one considers the overall reduction on tobacco poundage in the 1961 crop. '

It is only natural for an area such as this to wish it had been a better crop year than it was, and that prices for their principal agricultural product had been a little higher. It'can be truthfully said, however, that the 1961 tobacco selling season jived up to the high expectations farmers of the area had for it.

! Define

By DON SCHLIENZ

t Calls For A 2nd Visit

Youve wondered about getting away to inapect the battleship US8 North CaroUna?

Fine! Do U.

But plan on a second trip in maybe aiz or' eight months, too

es the North Carolina doesnt look so awfully big. But once aboard, its massiveness takes your breath away.

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vamatma me

The writer, Jn company with a small crowd from' Greenville, saw the battleship last weekend Well. . . .part of it.

Months Of JFK

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) - Presi-dent Kennedy has been in the White House l<mg enough, a little over nine months, to provide some Insight into the way he operates.

If he could be said to have patterned himself after a model H would be President Elsenhower and not cocky, relaxed, extremely self-confident President Roosevelt or highly combative President Truman.

But what looked like the development of an umiiually friendly personal relationship of Kennedy and Eisenhower nuy be coming to a quick end.

Throughout his eight White House years Elsenhower deliberately avoided quarrels-particu-larly with Congress by refraining from attacks and feuds. Not so with Roosevelt or Tru-

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man.

Kennedy has done the same as Eisenhower. There were times in the latters presidency when he went less than all-out for some of the legislation he asked Congress to pass. The same goes for Kennedy.

'TliU avoidance of quarrels by both men may not create in tbe public mind the image of an'aggressive or even very positive president. But It gives few people an excuse for building up antagonisms against them.

It may explain to some extent why Elsenhower in his time, and Kennedy now. have stood so high in public opinion polls. There has never been much reason for the general public to get ateamed up against them.

In one big detail there is a dilference between Kennedy and Eisenhower In dealing with Congress. Kennedy, with 14 years service there, has a sharper understanding of the infighting, tbe dickering and maneuvering.

In foreign affairs the Kennedy and Elsenhower administrations each committed one obvious beaut of a boner

With Elsenhower It was letting the 2 spy-plan flv over Russia, where it could be shot down and was, just before the 1960 summit conference with Premier Khrushchev With Kennedy it wa.s letting the Cuban invasion oc''ur.

The main characteristic of both men in foreign affairs seem* to be mildnesscertaln-Iv in comparislon with rhefr main opponent. Premier Khru

shchevbut trouble piled up for both of them Just the same.

Theyll probably pile up-worse for Kennedy for a simple reason: The United States had ,a head start on tbe Russians in nuclear development. They needed time to catch up or outdo.

With every passing day they, get stronger. The result: Theyre in s better positloB to make trouble for Kennedy. This is so obvious that Kennedy, not satisfied with Elsenhowers defense program, has stepped it up.

In his- time EiMnhower was accused of lack of leadership. Now Kennedy is* being blamed by R^blicaos for qot being firm enough. But there Is one apparent difference between the two in the foreign field.

Eisenhower relied to an.amax-ing degree on his secretary of state. John Foster Dulles, who did the tough talking for the administration and often gave the impression he was the one making foreign policy.

Kennedy is the dominant figure in foreign policy now. His secretary of state. Dean Rusk, who looks grey compared with the flamboyant Dulles, avoids belligerent noises while Kennedy does the main talking.

Even so, all their talking is mild. In nine months the harshest statement* to the Russians were made last week by a man much further down the administration ladder, Roswell L. GU* patrie, deputy secretary of defense, although he did so with full aiH>roval of Kennedy and Rusk.

There was no relationship at all for eight years between Elsenhower and bis predecessor. Truman. But Kennedy went out of his way several timesby personal viait or phoneto get Eisenhowers opinion on foreign problems.

The foundation for a good re* lationship thus seemed well laid. But it may be over. Elsenhower. anxious to pep up his Republican party, recently has talked not only critically but derisively of some Kennedy administration performances. Kennedy has not replied.

Although during the campaign Kennedy Indicated he would hold far more news conference* than Elsenhower, he has done nothing of the kind. He has held onlv 17 since taking office. By th'.i time in his administration Elifnhower held 17.

There was no g(^ below decks, and the above-deck compartments were mostly closed off It was a Sunday, but workmen ^ were working. Chipping paint and brushing on paint.

From a distance, and from close-up, one gets the impression that hasty paint Job given the battleship before being towed to Wilmington was makeshift. It will all have to be done over again, in my estimation. '

sing^ and shouting bang at all angles. (This sort of play will have to be eventually stopped, because some tyke is going to have hand mangled by the gears.)

From the roadway approach-

Tbe big guns were fixed and the turrets sealed; which is a good thing. Most of the small deck guns have been removed, out several AA batteries remain and some youngsters were having a ball elevating and depres-

Did use the word massive

;n earlier paragraphs? Never mind; that on* word best describes Impressions gained by the visitor. That, and an imaginative attempt to visualize the tremendous capacity for destruction the North Carolina represented In World War II. It must have been terrific.

Other Ecditors Saying Take The Racket Out

The beholder .is also apt to be awed by the main batteries . .their size, their weight, their obvious cost In manufacture, the watchmakers precision that went into those giant caiman. .

(Rickmoad News Leader)

It took a'good shdeleather reporter, Charles Stevenson of Readers Digest, to find out why for 26 years the dispensers of welfare to dependent children (and their mothers) have been persisting in a proven and ruinous error. Ever since,the New Deal, money has been handed out to divorced, deserted, unwed mothers to spend as they like often, as . case histories show, on riotous and sinful living from which the children themselves derive little or no benefit. Wh^? How come?

I have put these questions to relief administrators all* over tbe country, writes Stevenson, who took a year of travel and inquiry to produce the story that begihs in the November issue of his magazine. The common answer is that back in tbe I930s all the schools of social work taught that all persons who lacked the worlds goods were entitled to receive theirs in cash from the (Federal) government.

trinaire do-gooder seems capable to suppose that unfortunate people who cant manage their own lives can manage gift-money. To hand cash without-strlng* to people so poor that they must live on public charity is a wickedness on a par with handing liquor or narcotics to a child, a loaded gun to a maniac, precious Jewels to a vain young woman who has never had any.

Anyone standing there would be quick to sense his vulnerability.

All of us pray that we not be led into temptationyet here the Federal government, by its welfare laws, and the power ol its purse, is laying temptation before pesplc who are least able to resist it.

This future shrine at Wilmington was opened to the public before it was really ready. The money was needed. Its future drawing power was much in evidence. . .the approach-road was narrow and clogged with traffic. The parking lot was not ready for service; the visitor had to walk through a long stretch of soft sand before reaching the gangplank.

Given this money without strings attached, they would somehow solve their own problems and emerge as gbod moth-er and fathers *

Luckily, although too much time has passed, there is still something to be done about it. The money should be paid for necessities only. The Federal government should Insist that all relief cases be handles at the community level- It is only at the home that charity can (listingulsh between the genuine and the bogus. Tbe President and Mr. Ribicoff could do much by admtaiistrative action, and Congress should amend the laws that promote degeneracy and debauchery among our people.

All those things wil eventually remedied. The and* of people who visits. ship before it was ready .ceive them, will re-visit nexi aummer or fall. Theres a lot to see that could not be seen at this time.

Too. theres a hard-to-express feeling of subtle regret that such a magnificently proportioned and constructed warship is now worthless except for Junk .or whatever sentimental feelings can still be exacted from it.

Well, by the time of the New Frontier we have, according to Welfare Secretary Ribicoff, second and third generation people on welfare. . .a discredit tc our society.

But the chief discredit, it would certainly appear, lies more with the educated, experienced reformers who have persisted in the error rather that in the social misfits who receive the money and grew cJever in drawing more and more. It take.* the monumental stupidity of which only a doc-

These things should be done because they are wrongs that ought to be righted. But there is another reason that may stir even the welfare administrators who naturally hate to lose their armies and camp-followers Khrushchev has just decreed a 26-year plan of hard work by which the Communist world Intends to bury us. One of the best American responses to this challenge would be to sweep the grafters and the indolent off the relief lists and show them the straight and way to productive labor.

Twenty years ago it was a mighty angine of destruction. Today it is on a par with the SS Constitution, or Adm. Nelsons Victory.

Quite a letdown from the days 0* Guadalcanal.

Quote

Man has not yet learned to control the elements, but he has learned a great deal about predicting the idiosyncracies of the weatherman. ' Carlsbad Current-Argus.

lerms

On the fantail were two gun-tubs with twin moimted antiaircraft guns. They looked awfully exposed. One companion recalled the extremely high rate of casualties suffered by gun crews manning those tubs.

By GEORGE B. BOI^DLSET

Copyright, 1961, King Features 8]m<neaU, Inc.

'The logical mind cannot use words without d^inttion. Most of the confusions of our time are due to the lack of definition of terms; thus we generally confuse socialism and ccHnmunism. a free society and a democracy. One might sty that it mmkim little dtfference because most people have an intuitive concept <a what is meant.

Admiral Rickover is gifted with a logical mind which compels him to define his terms, so that when' he refers to a subject, he and his hearer will know precisely what is meant and the argument, if any, need not be over words.

We speak of a tree society by which we might mean anything from such an anarchistic society, as Emma Goldman advocated. to tbe government-dominated society which Franklin D Roosevelt actually establish-, ed in this country.

Admiral Rickover' defines a free society in precise terms;

By free I mean a poUtical-1> free society in which the individual possesses inalicnabla rights, and government is In-stitutecl to secure these rights.* We hold it to be self-evident* truth that liberty is an indispensable attribute of the individual. Not absolute liberty of course, for this isnot possiblo lUiless one dwells on an uninhabited island, but the broadest liberty compatible with life in society. This is accomplished by making consent of the peopls indispensible to the functioning of government; in other words, by associating the individual with the business of governing. In a free society the citizen has public function, hence public status. His government, to quote Madison, derives all its powers directly or Indirectly from the great body of the people, and is administered by persons holding their offices during pleasure, for a limited period, or during good behavior.

It is interesting that Admiral Rickover bases his terminology on the Declaration of Independence which our youngsters are no longer told to memorize, as my generation did. The Declaration rather than the Constitution Is the basis philos(H>hic statement of American society. These days there is a tendency to refer to the so-called Bill of Rights, that is. the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, as the whole of American political doctrine. By no stretch of the imagination can this be Tbe first 10 amendments are. it ia true, a restriction upon government. but their main function is to implement the Declaration of Independence which holds certain truths to be self-evident.

Among certain truths Is government by choice which was increasing during the 19th Century and has been decreasing during the 20th Ontury. Since the American Revolution, country after country sought to lim-:t government, to expand the rights of the people, to destroy every form of autocracy. Since the Russian Revolution, political development has been in the opposite direction. More and more countries have been taken over in one form or another of tutelage, either by a dictatorship of an oligarchy of a dominant political peu-ty. This trend has been justified by Karl Marxs dlstatorship of the Proletariat. Thus the unfree society has come into existence. Admiral Rickover defines the unfree society as follows;

I use the contrasting term unfree to designate any society where the people do not have effective control over their government. A great variety of political systems fall into this broad category. They range from authoritarian countries where the ruler .respects the law and does not meddle with the private lives of the people except to demand political obedience, to modern totalitarian countries where ruler* acknowledge no law superior to their own will and desire, where government maintains itself in power by brute force reinforced by all-pervaaive propaganda, where the individual is permitted no shred of private life in which to decide matters of a personal nature.

From the standpoint of this definition, it is impossible to make a moral distinction between Hitler and Stalin. Batista and Castro. Those in our State Department, who can discover a difference between on dicta-(Continued on page xlvt)

Faster Write-Off Costs Money

Sfrenoth For Todov

Rv EARL L. DOl'GLAS.S

('OWSIDER THE TAR.4

How would you frel If you waked down the street and met a Martian? Or someone from the planets Venus or Saturn?

The question may appear vain (hr Wf can be sure we shall nem have such an encounter No person from any othei planet Aould be able to live* on an-i. hei planet for no other i*-as(^n than the tremendous differences tn atmospheric pressure No one kiiows whether the planets are Inhabited or not The number of heavenly bodies ts practically Beyond computation More and more people are coming to feeland among them certain seieotlsUthat some of theae heavenly bodies, perhapa nme of the planets in our own solar .s.retem may be iohabited But If they are, we can be eure

that these belnts are quite dif-trent from ourselves.

Wt or some other nation will undoubtedly put a man on the moon wlthlng thf next few veai. There may be Inter-com-piun'ca on between pla.iet.s but prohabU not much more than hr Foi us, the ma^tei has *1* i.il.fic inleresl in that v e to !::iow all there's to know abou* the universe. Spiritually such 'Ko-.vl g I (h1!v lead iw to a more ma-estli conception of the creative c wei, of Oof. If it bacamr es-:bl!shed that there are he'.ngs ef. remotilv raE?nribIlog our-.selves on other planets, the in-roDecufi and ap* Hu) esultj should be all 1o the uod

V>.i should not fear avasion invade this ln*tsn*''*ant Lttle paret rh*n there !/ so inufh. and nrohablv belter, real estate farther out?

By ELMER R0ES8NER S'.nce the Kennedy Admlnlstra-..ioi. has decided to allow the textile industry faster wrlte-ofl> lor machinery and equip-n.enl. many people have asked, \Vh.\ not? What does the government care how fast a piece i' machinery Is amortized? In Ui( long run. it doesnt cost the government anything!

Ir the long run. it does cast b. woveniment something.

LCi's take a simplified case: I. 'I iT.ii.i b |1 nill-

I oi v.ortli of machinery Under (n ;i,ie. Revenue Service schedule? the machinery has a pre-Ni'iupv e life of 2' years.

Unde- that schedule, the coin-03.1 3* c.^ergr ofl MO.OOd as

dep ec 2tloh each yeai (There are othsi dep Fclaton formulas but th's stra'ght-Une one makes I' iu*t*.tfp eas'st to underage, no.*

riYh TAX GN PROFITS ^*.0 suppose the company a nrt of $1(hi.)00 a vear b*or taxes ard deprecitt on

II can than deduct $^,000 de

preciation and pay taxes on the lemainlng $60.000.

Now lets suppose that under the Kennedy benediction, the company is permitted to de-pjeclate Its tnve.stment over 15 years. Then it can deduct $66.

67 depreciation a year the net before taxes and de predation 1% again $100,000, it would pay taxes on only i'3j I'o.

If

Ai first glance, it looks as if tht govrinmMK lould lose nothing Under any schedule of de-,itec.*tion. $l.ooj.000 will be

deducted sooner or later. After fbt machinery la amortized the cuvernment will start collecUng taxes on the full net. The sooner me deduction is over with, the sooner the government will colled more taxes,

A CLOSER LOOK,

Kowevei. a liitle analysis

show* that the fis;er the amorti-rat!on, t,he more the government lse

Inereil U the k?y. If

the

government allows 2^year d-

preciation, it loses taxes on $40.000 a year for 25 years. If It allows 15-year depreciation, it loses taxes on $66,666.67 a year for 15 years.

Under a 25-year-plan. assuming net income was $1(X),000 a year, the government would collect taxes on $60,000 a year for 25 years; under the *15-year plan, it would collect $33,333.33 a year for 15 years and $100,000 a year for the next 10.

Under either plan, the total deduction would be $1,000,000, but by collecting more in the

eaiiy year* the govemmont would have the use of the tax money earlier and would thre-bv save considerable Interest.

Look at it this way: If the

company borrowed $1,000.000, It would pay less interest if it repaid it in 15 years than in

25 years. On the other side of

the mirror, H the government grant* depreciation over a shorty period, tt losesj more Interest. REASON'S FOR SHORTER TERM

However, even If K eokta the government revenue, there are two great reasons for faster depreciation:

1. If a company can amcrtlze its capital inveetment eoofm*. and it properly uses depreciation allowances to build funda for replacements, it will be Inclined to RKXlemize plants and machinery sooner, creating more salee and more Jobs.

2. Almost ail foreign industrial natiooa allow faster deprecia-Uon allowances than tbe United States does, putting American manuiacturera at a cost dlaad-vantace in world markets.

CAN TRUTH ON TV PAY PRonrs?

Perhaps the nature of this medium (television) is such that for some purpose it is not oom-merclally feasible to use it without departure from the truth.** Federal Conunuidcatlena Commissioner Philip Elman at a hearing on ths sandptptr-abavlnf caas.