Wednesday, October 25, 1961

The Changing Picture In Congress

The traditional picture of the relative liberal- ocratf have a greater edge than in the Senate. These, ism and conser\atism.* of the House of Representa- factors would normally suggest that the House may tivea and the Senate of the United States Congress is be more inclined to follow the Presidents proposals undergoing a period of transition and may well emerge than the Senate. The House, with its members up for as exactly the opposite from what pebple have come election every two years, would appear to be more to accept. ' sensitive to pressure groups and to th^ feelings of their

For decades the Senate has been looked upon as constituents at the grass roots. Normally the members the more conservative house of Congress, while the might be expected to be more interested in specific . Hou;<c of Representatives was viewed as more liberal legislation from the smaller areas from which they in its majority opinionrTo a great extent the records are elected than the broader scope of legislation which of the" two bodies bear this out although exceptions members of the Senate, representing states, would may be found in each session. have.

During the most recent session of Congress, how- As the political scene of the nation changesand ever, the two houses of Congress appeared to swap it does so constantlyperhaps it is the Senate which traditional po.:itions. The House appeared to be the is becoming most sensitive to specific pressure and more consenative of the bodies, while it was the minority groups which hold the balance of power in Senate which followed the more liberal course. On state-wide elections. .

several occasions during this years session, the Senate From many sources are coming many theories concurred in programs advanced by President Ken- about the change which apparently is taking place nedys administration only to have the House kill or in the outlook of the two houses of Congress. Whether drai^tically water down the proposals. the pattern that apparently began to develop in 1961

With speculation now turning to the coming ses- will continue in 1962 in Congress remains to be seen, sion of Congress which begins in January, there ap>*- If it does the influences which brought about and pears a growing feeling that President Kennedy will sustained the changing pattern will be recognized as have greater difficulty in getting the more liberal pro- important factors in American politics, posals ofwhis administration passed by the House than by the Senate.

Both houses of Congress are dominated by the Presidents party members, and in the House the Dem-

U. S. Exports

;!^ecord Year In

Opportunity

Propaganda

For U.S. Attack

x6C

ting Judges

Br LYNN NISBET

JTOGBS Next jrear will set a record for the election of Judges In North Carolina. The terms of two Sapreme Court Justices-W. H. BoObitt and William B. Rodmuvexpire December 31. MU Ttey win be on the ballil tor re-electk>B next year.

Aa of BOV 22 xacaBdea vUI

occur oir the Scpeiior Court bench at tie aome timeand there may be additioeal cbangca before election day. Prior to ISS.S there were H elected Superior Court judges, and terms were staggered ao that ten were elected at one time and eleven at another. Under that achedulc eleven terma would har expired next year. The 196S General A.ssembly added eleven judges to the regular Hat, mad apeci-^led that although they would not be appointed and take office until midsunomer of 1955, theii terras should run concttr-rcntly with thase which bcgao on January 1 of that year, and will expire on Decenober 31, 1962.

There have been aurpii.sing-ly few change* bi the judiciary since 49.55. Albert Comper was appointed to awcceed Jndge Paul Frizzelle, rctoro, ix tke M dia-trict: Hermaa Gark aacceeded 0. K. Ninaocfcs. retired, la the 12th district: Hesry A. McKinnon, Jr., aocceedrd Malcolm Seawell whca he waa appointed Attorney General in the 16th diatrict. and Eageae Shaw aoc-ceeded RkhardMe Preyer in the isth diatrtet when Jude Preyer waa nanaed to the Federal bench. These appciateca hare been auh-aequeotly elected; except. Judge Shaw, who took his oath of <d-fice jMt thia wc^. All four will he floe the ballot for full e'.ghUyear tonna next year.

BALUOT An of these to-cumbcwto are expected to be candhtotca for re-electioa and up to BOW there la no indication off opposition. For the Supreme Court poodiOBs the ballot win ahow that the candidate la aeeking the aeat held either by Bobbitt or by Rodnuui. For the Superior Court places the candidatea will file by dlatricta. The Hat of vacancies to be fined Includes:

Chester Morris, first diatrict; Malcolm Paul, second; William J. Bundy, thu-d; Henry L. Btevena Jr.. fourth; Rudolph 1. Mint*, fifth; Walter J. Bone, aeventh; Albert W. Cowper, eighth; Hamilton Hobpood. ninth; Herman Clark. 12th; Raymond B. Mallard, 13th; Clarence W. Hall. 14th; Leo Carr, 1.5th; Henry A. McKinnon Jr., IPth; Alien H. Gwyn, 17th; Walter Crissman, l8th; and Eugene Shaw, 18th; Hubert E. Olive,

22d; J. Frank Huaklna, 24th; .James C. Farthing. 25lh; Francis O. Clarkson, 26th, and Hugh Campbell. 26th; P. C. Froneber-ger, 27th.

The Supreme Court Justices will be nominated in a statewide primary. The Superior Court Judges will be nominated ^only, by their home district in the primary, but will be voted upon statewide in November. There have been, and may be again, some hotly contested primary campaigns for judicial ncminatioas. but when the primary Is over the result is known because the Superior Court Judge who lives in a preponderantly Republican area has nothing to fear. The statewide Democratic majority will save him.

Just to complete the record, the Superior Court Judges who do not' acow-elecUon next year are: Joseph W. Parker, sixth district; William Y. Bickett, 10th; Clawson Williams, nth; Frank Armstrong, 19th; Don Phillips, 20th; Walter Johnson, 21st; R.M, GambUl, 23d; W.K. ?4cLean 28th; J.W. Plcss. 29th, and George B. Patton. 30th.

It is generally agreed among scientists that the huge nuclear blast set off by the Soviets this week was not of the 50-megaton magnitude of which Premier Khrushchev spoke some days ago. International reaction to this latest Soviet explosion in the atmosphere, however, has brought severe' protests against the Soviets for exploding the weapon.

There can be little doubt that a subsequent nu-glear explosion by the Soviets of the 50-megaton variety will only serve to intensify the international reaction By HENRY HOWARD that is building against the Soviets for their current series of nuclear tests. It must be further assumed that these explosions of unprecedented power in the atmosphere will create increased fallout over various parts of the earth for many months. This factor, in

turn, will mean that the protests that have come on This may not be worthwhile the heels of the explosions will be echoed again months at all,* but perhaps someone will from now when, scientists say, most of the fallout will

... . J ,, story that I'beard lately. If not,

begin to ram down on the earth. then I apologize.

By this series of nuclear tests the Soviets have (But, before beginning, let me developed a new propaganda campaign creating the confess that its meaning i faii-image of the Soviet Union as the nation with the most gom^etin^T*^"^ ^ sensed destructive weapons on earth. Through this, they ap-

parently expect to use the threat of force to gam that had taken root squarely in the which they dare not attempt by actually using force, middle of the path leading to the At the same time adverse reaction to the fallout re- cottage,

suiting from Soviet tests is undermining the prestige of that nation and will continue to do so in the months ahead after the initial shock of huge explosions have dimmed to a degree in the minds of people of many nations.

Wages

Story Of An Elm Tree

The old man sat Idly on the porch of the isolated little House every day. He watched the function of nature from very close at hand. He w'orshlpped it, in a way.

At the very beginning, he noticed how well the elm seedling

The United States, in its own propaganda pro- was thriving in the hard-packed

CHANGE - good deal was said around the League of Municipality convention at Durham this week about changes in municipal officials because of election turnovers, tout changes in admifiLstrative staff and in other phases of relationship between the people and their municipal governmentsthe closest level of government to them.

Perhaps no more significant change could be noted, than ti.e fact that the North Carolina League of Municipalities has as its keynote speaker the United States Ambassador to the Organization of American States. The fact that DeLesepps S. Morrison wa.s first' Invited to speak to the N. C. League when he was mayor of New O leans, (Joes not reduce the significance ot his appearance now as the official representative of this nation to group ot other nations-about as far removed from the purely local municipal level as one can get.

And yet, in hLs addres-s Sunday nighl Ambas.'iador Morrison showed a direct connection and relationship. He said he was trying to show to the people- as well as to the governmentIn Latln-Amerlca that the foreign aid money sent into the.se areas wa.s not a handout from a rich government, but was an offer of help from the common people in thLs country the salesmen and clerks, the truck drivers and farmers, who were willing to share their good fortune with others.

gram, should not overlook the possibilities of increasing its own prestige at a time when the Soviets have made themselves vlunerable by seeking to create an image of invincibility.

V ery Rough T alk

soil of the pathway. He was quietly impressed by the seedlings vitality. Still, it alarmed him, in his own quiet way, that the insignificant little growing thing had selected such a spot so close to his front door for its life.

Day after day the old man watched the seedling. He chewed his tobacco and rocked his

rocking chair. It amused him to rock slowly and spit his tobacco juice first to one side, then to the other of the young elm. Occasionally he spat directly at the sapling, but not often.

All around the calendar for the young trees first year the old man sat, rocked, spat and watched. While he was indeed an old man, he realized that very little effort would be required, even from an old man like himself, to rise from the rocking chair, walk the few feet that separated the elm from the front door and pull the tender, young sprout from the ground.

Perhaps the old man would have considered such an urge. But he had loved nature for his entire life. His own life was nature manifest and his deepest respect for natures life dictated that his was not the task to alter her development.

And so, the years passed. The old man, growing blder all the time, sat and rocked and watched. He became fascinated by the tree. He could account for each phase of the saplings

o

Sovie

3oss

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By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) The Kennedy administration has now talked very rough to Rus.sia but whether this is jiust a flash-in-the pan or the bcgijming of a new policy of toughness remains to be seen.

For months Premier Khrushchev, while demanding the Allies back up on Berlin, has waved his-nuclear weapons and cut loose with a whole series of tests. He has been the tough one.

President Kennedy, by com-parLson,,has been mild. In the pa.st couple of months some Republican critics have complained he wasnt firm enough even suggesting he was an ap-peaser. This, reportedly, got under the Presidents skin Last week Khruschev topped things off by announcing Russia soon would explode a 50-megaton nuclear bomb which would dwarf previous blasts. Morday Russia exploded two nuclear devices one of them de.scribed by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission as possibly as high as .50 megatons but more likely about 30 megatons.

American official.sSecretary of State Dean Rusk for Instance professed to see no practical reason for such an explosion although one simple explanation seems to be reasonable enough; Khrushchev Is doing thl.s as a terror tactic.

Saturday night, as If replying to this tactic. Roswell L. Gil-patric, deputy .secretary of defense. made the toughest speech delivered by any Pentagon official since Kennedy took office.

The speech was first approved by Rusk and-the White House. The admlnLstratlon took pains beforehand to let newsmen know the speech had this approval to show Gilpatric was

talking for the administration.

Gilpatric not (>nly said the United States is superior to Russia in nuclear weaponshe went into some detail to explain why but warned the Soviets that

Other Editors Saying Aeal Fight

X ne

(Washington Daily News)

Perhaps the average person _ might have his world picture

If theV start a nVirleTr wiTr P)*HaPS peo-

II tncy start a nuclear war. even struggle

among world powers today to bp merely one between commu-

with a sneak attack, this countrys nuclear resources would stlli be powerful enough to wipe them out.

This'kind of talk would have had a much greater impact here and abroad If someone higher up the official ladder in the adminl.stration like Kennedy or Rusk or Defense Secretary Robert McNamarahad delivered it.

But, even though It came from a lesser official like Gilpatric, the fact that the administration let it be known he had full approval got the point across.

This speech serves to fry several kinds of fish:

1. Just in case Khruschev has any doubts about American powerand officials here dont think he doesthe Gilpatric speech ^ would set him straight.

2. Khru.shchev ha.s been making propaganda hayIn trying to impress the world with Russias powerand the Gilpatric speech may take some of the edge off it.

3 It is also a nudge to American allies, particularly in Europe, if they suspected American weakness because Kennedy didnt try to match Khruschev In waving nuclear weapons.

4. It may take some of the fteam out of the complaint by some Republicans that Kennedy hasnt been tough enough.

Unless the Gilpatric talk Is the beginning of a consistently tough Kennedy policy this one effort Isnt apt to mean much since Khrushchev can be expected to continue with his (Continued on Paga 7)

nism and capitalism.

^ Perhaps new media have contributed to the fact that too few people really understand the full implications of the challenges before the world today. Too few people really know that communism itself Is a religion a religion dedicated to the destruction of Christianity.

Then, might not the real struggle be one between the Christian religion on the one hand and communism on the ether? We must never forget that one of the basic tracts of communsim is atheism.* Nikita Khrushchev, in a recent answer to Pope John took the occasion to reaffirm his atheism.

Marx, Lenin, Trotsky, and Engels have all set the pattern for communism. And this pattern denies the existence of any Supreme Being. The Russian communist looks upon us as a sort of superstition and using religion and prayer as crutches to alibi away our deficiencies.

Billy Graham, world evangelist. says that Khrushchev deep down Inside is not an atheist.

John Wilkinson, before a couple of church groups in Washington in recent days, takes the position that if.Christianity can be destroyed, then that very act of destruction will also destroy every political and economic

Beet except that of the victori-^ communism.

Rome might look up conqpu-nism as a philosophy or a Way of life. It makes little difference how technical we wish to become. The argument as to what communism stands for, what it will do, and where it would put ihose of us in a Christian world are far less important than what ihe Christian peoples of the world must face up to in order to prevent spiritual chaos.

Well have to look at communism and say that If Christ-tian peoples over the world were as dedicated to the disciplines 01 their religion as communists are to their anti-Christ religion, then the real fight Is not between economic Idealogies but between religious concepts.

It has been pointed out many times that communists say religion must go. They of course mean the Christian religion.

If we look at the mess In the world today in Its true perspective, we might not be able to detect where the communistic fight against religion starts and the fight against capitalism starts. That area of definition makes little difference. If one is destroyed, the chances are that both will fall Capitalism and Christian religion stand together. If one falls, both fall. We can be sure of that fact. i

So when we look at communism realistically, it makes little difference whether we think in terms of Christianity or democracyboth are targets-

Science has conquered virtually all questions of everyday life except the matter of getting four legs of equal length on a coffee shop table.Indianapolis News.

A doctor says there may be a link between baldness and heart attacks. Well, both of them usually come in middle age.Raleigh Times.

Castro claims the Cuban churches are hiding dynamite. Theres dynamite in them all right, but not the kind he thinks. Fort Myers (Fla.) News-Press.

eventual growth into a mighty treeif he should live that long.

And every minute during the years the old man watched the tree grow, something inside told him the young seedling, while it appeared as healthy and thriving as any tree, had taken root in the wTong place. The old man listened to that inner voice, but in only with a passive ear. The elm had grown tall and straight, as tall and as straight as any other elm in the old man.s memory. To him, this fact justified the elms existence, even if it blocked his front door.

Whenever the old man was obliged to leave his cottage for an hour or so, it caused him no concern that he was forced to go around the tree. It was inconvenient, but only mildly so, and he vras unperturbed.

But, then one day, the progress of the centuries visited the old mans little world. The old man was taking an afternoon nap just inside his cottage. Progress took one look at the cottage with the huge elm tree standing squarely in front of the door. The elm whispered falsely, but convincingly, to Bro-gress that its vcrj* existence in that location served notice that the cottage had been abandoned for years.

And so, to hasten progress, the elm and other trees around the cottage were qickly hewn down without an investigation of the little houses insides. When the- ' huge- elm crashed through the roof of the cottage, the sleeping old man was crushed.

Opinions In Brief

This country has been greatly blessed and we have been recipients of the greatest gift of all timesfreedom. But at the present rate, its slowly ebbing away with the lack of character, respected work and working for self-respect. Moulton (Tex.) Eagle.

m - i ne Picture

By GEORGS 5. SOKOLSKY

Copyright, 1961, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Joseph OSullivan of San Fernando, In a letter tq me about musicians, makes a most inter e&ting observation on the law of wages. He says;

What these musicians want, 9ls does every competent work-'manbe he an electrician, a bricklayer, a plumber, or even a fiddleris pay commenserate (Sic) with his contribution to the public welfare.

Wages are paid with four factors in view;

1. The purchasing power of the dollar;

2 The supply of the particular wager-earners;

3. The willingness of the worker to accept the offered pay;

4. The advantage of wages over unemployment insurance.

I shall deal with this in detail:

1. and 2. A stenographer in New York will demand about $80 a week. In 1961 she is not likely to be as competent as in 1920 although she apparently gets more money. The reason is that the purchasing power of the dollar is worth less and the possibility of earning more as a manicurist or a receptionist is greater. Therefore there is a shortage of stenographers and more has to be paid for them. Similarly, there is a shortage of nurses and other skilled workers. For many purposes, the unskilled worker is just as good.^

College graduates must often be classed as unskilled workers ' because what they have learned in college is of no advantage to anyone but to themselves. They nave not gained a saleable skill. On the other hand, a plumber has an unusual and ^ valuable skill. Under the system of education now in vogue in the United States, less than a Masters Degree is Indicative of little specialized skill.

3. There was a time when the worker accepted any wage that he was offered. In the McKinley campaign of my childhood, the ph^e, A dollar a day and a lull dinner pail, represented great progress. Workers did a minimum of a 54-hour week and the early labor unions of Sam Gompers demanded an eight-hour day.

Today the worker has the mass protection of labor union which means that he does not accept pay or the hours of employment offered. The unions negotiate for the workers and if an employer is unwilling to bargain with the union, all the workers go on strike which can damage a business.

If a worker is dissatisfied, his union will get him a job in some other company. From the standpoint of the worker, he 1s no longer a part of the industry in which he wcwks; he is a member of the union which fights for him, for the dues it leceives from him.

The worker therefore can accept or reject the wages offered. regardless of the needs of the employer for workers or the needs of the worker for a job. ^

4. This brings us to the fourth factor in this situation, namely unemployment insurance which, whatever its virtues, has worked out to protect the lazy, the incompetent, the impudent. In fact, a worker who wants to be fired so that he can get' unemployment insurance will create issues with the object of being dismissed.

The relationship of the Job to skill does not appear in all this. If an assistant professor in a university receives a smaller compensation than one of Hof-fas dues-payers, it is becaitse, as an economic proposition, that is all the job is worth. Even if professors were to unionize as New York school teachers have attempted to do. the wage situation of teachers on any level would not imp ove greatly because the supply of competent persons in this field i presumable greater than the demand. I say presumably, because if the whole truth were told there are too few compcU'nt teachers which explains why a student majors in a subject and knows little or nothing about it.

The subject of public welfare or social welfare does not enter into this discussion at all. It may be true that a musician adds to the culture of a nation but no nation,^ places the value of the musician above that of a missile worker. Even in Soviet Russia, where cultural workers are better paid than In may countries, a musician is not paid more thas a factory worker or (ConUnued on Page 7)

detail Sales Curiously Lagging

Strength For

Foday

By EARL L. DOI GLA.S.S EVEN THE.SE ( AN BE ANSWERED If we discover people on other planets and establish contact with them and exchange information. the theologians may have to go back over some of their doctrines and do a bit of readjusting.

We may hav* to ask ourselves over again, who was Jesua Christ? That he is our Saviour and Lord, we and hundreds of mHiions of our contemporaries belelve. But If he Is this to us, what was he, and what la ce, to the people of other planeta? Did he die for them as he died for us? Did they have tf* be redeemed from a fallen state? Is the heaven we hope to reach and the heaven they hope to reach tha atma place?

Probably the best way ro approach the problem is to accept the fact that we have a revelation and a system of beliefs and morals which are ruited to us and our needs. What God. and Christ, and the heavenly powers have in atore for people of other planetaif there are scuh belngawe do not know and perhaps may never know. Let ua attend to our own spiritual business as God haa set it before us and let us be assured that God will be able t handle the matters of cosmic importance without our help, and that we need not worry too much about them.

Space exploration may raiae interesting theological pioblema, but we shall wait unW-wr confront them, confident that there an answer to all questions.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Despite the fact that the economy seems to be emerging from the recent recession, and that employment appears to be gaining. retail sales are curiously lagging.

Sales In September were $18.2 billion but. after adjustments for seasonal variations and trading-day differences, the total was almost unchanged. from that of August thU year and September a year ago.

This is even more curious because in September, 1960, the total personal Income wu at an annual rate of $405.5 billion dollars; In September. 1961, It was at a rate of $420.2 bUIion. WIDE DIVERGENCE

In Septembtr, 1960. retail apendlng was $17.9 bllllOD, and In September. 1961, It was $18.1 billion.

In short. Income rose by round $15 billion a year, but retail sales rose only $300 mil>

lionno more than the possible statistical error.

That leaves the question:Why are American.s, making more than $1 billion a month than a year ago spending only $300 million a month more?

One of the reasonsand perhaps the most significantis that the wave of unemployment snd strikes drained consumer spending.

CATCHING-P PERIOD

Thousands of families were Tlctlms of the decline in employment between the fall of 1960 and the summer of 1961. Thousands more were cut off from Income because of strikes.

Many of these families were unable to keep up Instalment payments. Commerce Clearing House reports that in the year ended June SO an all-time high of 146,643 bankruptcies were filed In Federal courts. Six out of every seven of these cases were personal or fam'# bank

ruptcies and of thejse. many were the result of over-extension of Instalment credit.

The hundred thousand families who went through the wringer are, of course, wiped out of the instalment market. Their credit Is deadat least for a while.

But there are hundredds of thousands of others who refused to take the bathwho kept up payments somehow or other even though papa was laid off or on strike.

Neither of these two groups the bankrupts nor the chinup unemployedare now able to add much to consumer spending, Iho.se who went broke cannot charge purchases; they must buy only as they have the cash to pay for It. Those who fought their way through are burdened with debt and cannot rush to buy more.

So that Is why retail sales are not rising as fast as personal Income la going up. Tha public

Is simply catching up with Itself.

DURABLE SALES LAG BUT TOTAL INCREASES

The Department of Commerce report on September sales, still Incomplete, shows that while durable-goods stores were lower than a year ago, sales on nondurables were slightly higher.

Durable sales in September, 1960, were $5,613 million, while in September, 1961, they were $w,330 millionlargely because people were buying lawtr new cars this year.

Nondurable sales a year ago were $1*2,285 miilloo, compared with $12,887 million in September this year. The biggest reason wki that Americans were eating and drinking more. Spending lor food and drink rose from 15,911 million in September, 1960, to $6,419 miUi( in September, this year.

What pauochai wt growl