Friday, October 18, 1961 . / '

The Common Morhetl Affects Us

Wonderful Wizards and the Wheat

M&N^ ITEW-RPI.U4 WHEW W 66VT STORAGE NOT;*^ THE TyPE GTAftLE FOR BRBAt^.

Too many people have the casual and erroneous opinion that seemingly far-removed things such as the emerging Common Market of European nations should be of little, if any" concern to people in-this county or this community. *

The impact of this new economic arrangement in Europe, however, may have a very real,impact' upon the economy of Eastern North Carolina .an-d Pitt County just a it may on the economy of other sections of the nation..

It offers another case-in-point of the fact that the world is constantly becoming a close-knit community of nations and what happens in one section may have repercussions in many other areas.

this in turn will have a direct bearing upon the economy of Pitt County. ^

^ It is only natural, perhaps, that most people living in Pitt County consider themselves far removed from the .economic experts who are shaping the structure of Europes Common Market. In reality, however, the economic future of the farmer, the merchant, the professional man in Pitt may be influenced by decisions which are reached around the conference tables concerning the Common Market.

More perhaps than many other sections of the United States, the economy of Eastern Carolina is greatly affected by the position of its chief product in the world markets. And policies adopted by the European Common Market regarding American tobacco will have repercussionsfavorable or otherwiseright here in Pitt County.

The economy of Pitt County and Eastern Carolina is stiff largely dependent upon agriculture, and tobacco is still the mainstay of agriculture in North

Carolina. Approximately one-third of the flue-cured vwvi T'l*. * II

tobacco produced on farms in North Carolina finds its yy X10H X Jl ^HIDS JtWQ way into foreign markets, and a considerable amount

of this is consumed in the European nations. Policies .. - '

and tariffs set by the European Common Market in fu- V |HqT*S CClllCl

ture years on tobacco imports from the United States ^ *

will directly affect the position of Americanof Pitt Countyrtobacco with respect to nations which are a part of the foreign market. They will, to a large degree determine whether tobacco from ,Pitt County farms jwill be able to compete with that produced in other countries for sale to nations within the Common Market. They will directly affect the imports of American flue-cured tobacco by European nations, and.

A sharp contrast in key figures has developed in the New Frontier administration of President Kennedy as he has found it-advisable to call on several old soldiers to serve in important positions.

!i^rospects At State Fair

By LYNN NISBET

PARIS-^Whlle there I* ome verlappin'g and oonflict of interest in the Trade Pair at Charlotte and the old established State Fair at Raleigh, early fears that they might become handicapping rivals have not panned out. L. Y, Ballentine. commissioner of agriculture, who took over active management of the sute Fair upon the spring, said the fair had taken spring, said the fair hadt aken their place and that indications ars the fair opening next Monday will be the best in history. Governor Sanford told newsmen the other day that he is proud of the SUte fair iwospecWi and is boosting it all he can. He added that because it is well esUblished and in the capable hands of Commissioner Ballentine, he did not feel it required as much of his personal attention as did the new Trade Fair In Charlotte.

(The Governor got off a pretty good quip when someone suggested he ought to sUy with-the President during his visit in North Carolina, going on to Fort Bragg for afternoon after the Chapel Hill exercises. "No. said Sanford, "the President has prtmary responsibility for defense of the nation, and he ought to go the Bragg to review the equipment and troops. My responsibility is the development of North Carolina, and I ought to go to the Trade Fair at Charlotte.)

COMBINED The minor In-ttaoces of conflict and duplicar tlon between the Charlotte and Raleigh based fairs started some folks to thinkingand (alking ahiout feasibility of consolidating the separate expositions into one two-phase operation.

.There is enough common de-Bomlnator interest in the prime objectives of the two fairs to justify consolidation; ahd there is enough difference in emphasis to justify distinctive classlfl-caUon. Exhibits at the Trade. Fair are essentially show case presentation of equipment and products for sale, with incidental educational and enterUlnment features.. Exhibits at the SUte Fair are primarily educational and enterUlnment .with incidental emphasis on merchandising products.

Instead of having two entirely Independent operations widely separated as to place but conflicting in time, some people are asking why not have the two expositions at the same place

and with connecting time ci emphasis on the distinctive features. Existing facilities at the SUte Fairgrounds may not be sufficient for the combined operation, but they can be brought to required sUndards. Proximity of the Research Triangle might be capitalized. There, seems rather general agreement on one point: If the two exposi-ticms cannot be sUged at the same place, they ought not to be staged at the same time. And, if they cannot be combined opinion seems clear that there ought to be more agriculture at the Trade Fair and mwe industry represented at the State Fair.

LOST MOTION - North Carolina has suffered and iU progress has been retarded by jealousy and rivalry between agriculture and industry promoters. And within these general classes there has been lost motion by over emphasis on distinction between manufacturing and processing in industry and among the field crop, llfestock and forest segments in agriculture.

INSEPARABLE Many of the artificial distinctions among the various steps of production do not make sense. There is continuous process from the time a field is prepared for planting through the cultivation and harvesting of cotton and on through the gin and the mills to the time the garment la on sale at a mercantile counter. In the saga of a tiny seedling to a forest tree and on through the saw mill and factory to the time a piece of furniture shows up In the living room, who can say where agriculture stops and Industry begins? A pig farrowed on a North Carolina farm is an agricultural statistic; when that same pig comes out of a sausage mill it Is an industrial statistic. Where, and why, did the change take place?

For several years so much emphasis has been placed on industrial development in North Carolina there has seemed danger at times that the people might forget that without cotton fields and tobacco barns, llUe trees planted and little pigs produced on the farms, there could be no Industry.

However Important the Trade Fair may be. It cannot rival the signihcance of the old established State Fair In emphasizing the ba.slc importance of production of the raw materials which are the foundation of all lndu.strlal development.

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday EsUblished 1882 DAVID JUUAN WHICHARD, Publish

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When the administration of President Kennedy began to take shape'the President surrounded himself with some of the youngest men in history to hold high posts in the administration of the United States. It was natural, perhaps, since the President himself was the youngest man elected to the highest office-in the land. The administration was dominated by young men whose hair had not turned gray ' and whose physique had not yet rpunded with the proverbial middle-age spread.

.In recent months, however, the growing international crisis has brought about an apparent change in viewpoint of,the administration at least so far as special military a.ssignments are concerned. With the coming of the crisis on Berlin, one might have expected the President to tap some promising young general to become his special adviser on-the-spot in Berlin. Instead, the President called on retired Gen. Lucius Clay, a hero of World War II and the commander of .'American forces in Berlin during the blockade of 1948-49.

When the President felt the need for'a part-time consultant to the Army on special warfare training and readiness of National Guard divisions, he again passed over the field of younger men in the military and tapped Gen. James A. Van Fleet from retirement to handle the important task. ,' '

Perhaps these may be isolated cases. But perhaps they represent a new trend in the administration of combining the skills and ability of bright young Phi Betas with those of Old Soldiers for whose experience there is no substitute.

The old soldiers who recently have taken their place in the forefront of the New Frontier administration offer a provocative ground for. speculation on things to come.

Conclusions For

'.-WAV

By HENRY HOWARD

?yromid Of Know-How

Like it or not, everybody that pokex hix head outdoors nowadays Is caught up in the whirlwind progress and advancement of scientific know-how, methods and accomplishment.

Its 'unquestionably phenomenal that some scientific products become developed and then com-'pletely outmoded, all within' the same decade. Progress of the sciences, obviously, is directly proportional to the population growth. Both are geometric.

This is terrific, we say. Its a boon to mankind that its members can display such tremendous ability to construct such a mammoth inverse pyramid of knowledge.

Just think how many thousands of years man sat on the river bank wishing he could soar through the air. Then, in little more than a half-century, he got off the ground, perfected his flying machines, then went into orbit around the earth. Before long

he'll be selling tickets to the moon.

But, to back up to that inverse pyramid. What about it? How many larger and overhanging layers can be safely constructed' upon smaller ones before the whob"she-bang topples sideways from its apex?

Perhaps it can be safely done. But the very idea maybe presents a new line of logical reasoning. Under existing popular physical rules, it cant done with stones. Maybe the intricate balance that can keep this top-heavy pyramid on an even keel .has, little to do with physics. Remember theres a human element as yet undefined in precise terms by the sciences.

This element, inherent in ev-erybodv but actually explained by iwbo^.^rorhaps may be the equ^briui^ that pyramid. ItsC^K^protoplasm of mans achievements. It, too, must keep pace with the geometric ad-

D

me JumD-rrone

Other Editors Saying ,,. Into The Thicket

By HAL BOYLE

NEW YORK (AP) - Jumping to conclusions, and how many do you agree with?

Most books on how to achieve success are written by people you never heard of before.

A woman will believe any man who flatters her beauty, but always doubts a man who praises her choice pi hats.

If science ever perfects pushbutton weather control, the guy who pushes the button will be the most hated man in America. There just.l-snt any kind of weather that pleases everybody.

Any goal in life is still possible for a teen-ager who studies in a home that has neither TV set nor telephone. We might never have heard of Abraham Lincoln if he had been born after Alexander Graham Bell.

The onlv admirable trait I know of In heavy gamblens Ls that, unlike the occa.slonal bettor, they rarely complain publicly about their los.scs. It .seems to be part of their unwritten code to take the blows of chance In silence.

A poor man always pays lus grocery bill first: a man living ostenlatiou.sly beyond his means generally pays his grocer last if he ever does.

The .surest way, to lo.se a girl you are courting l.s to send her fresh flowers every day. The .surest way to keep from boring her is to borrow money from her No woman can ever lose interest in a man who owes her money.

It takes more real courage to learn to eat raw oy.stcra than it does to rob a bank.

On the surface we like tht companionship of those who share our vices, a comradeship often bom of necessity. Deep within us, however, we despise them for being as weak as we are.

A boss may be telling the truth when he says he doesnt want to be surrounded by "yes men but hedoes want to be partly surrounded by them. There 1 nothing lonelier or more frightening than to be in power without someone around to assure yout hat you are wise.

Many of us take pride in keeping up with what is going on in the world. But no one man in five over 40 years of age can name three new popular tunes written this year. Most cant even name one.

It takes more than honesty for grownup person to keep a completely truthful diary of what he does and thinks. He has to be pretty foolhardy, too.

The poorest investor in the world is a man who deliberately seeks happiness by marrying a wealthy woman.

For some reason, a left-hand-' rd gijl holds a my.sterlous faHcinatlon for a right-handed man. He thinks she may be different from other girls. She isnt.

Churchgoers who read astrology books and also carry a rabbits foot for good luck are merely trying to play both ends against the middle.

OptimUsm never dies. Even in such a cynical age as our.s there are still people who' believe the pictures they see in seed catalogues.

- (Greensboro Daily News)

Mr. Justice Frankfurter was right to describe it once as a "thicket, even if the Supreme Court should now decide it is not "political. We mean, of course, the question whether citizens of urban areas in the various states, denied" due representation by legislatures that refuse to reapportion, should have relief in the federal courts.

The question is now squarely. Inescapably before the Supreme Court; and the attorney for three Tennessee cities, Charles Rhyne, <ientered his opening arguments this week on the proposition that cities "are at the end of the road. The only way we can get relief is through this court.

The evidence, sadly enough, is ov e r w h e 1 m i ngly on Mr. Rhynes side. The parody of constitutional government has reached monstrous proportions in states all over the country, where the quick-flowing shift of people from the land to the city has far outrun the capacity of state legislatures to act against their own vested interest. North Carolinas Senate reapportionment problem, through grave, is minor in comparison to the problem in some New England states, where the representation of mere square footage of territory classes many counties and congressional districts with the famed rotten boroughs" of be

fore 1832 in England. It could be said in extenuation of the pre-Reform Bill days in England that democracy was still at best an experiment, and at worst a radical nostrum which the best people shunned. That is no longer trueat least in theoryin 1961. But the rotten boroughs abound.

It is really too bad that the Supreme Court has been called upon to deal with reapportion-nient. If it refuses to overrule the Tennessee court from which the test case arises, it will, in effect, issue a writ to every dallying legislature in the country to go on dallying and putting 'a brave face on ita bland refusal to reapportion. If, on the other hand, the court overturns the Tennessee decision and rules that the under-represented city folks have been denied due process under the 14th Amendment, problems of implementation will arise: For instance, can it be maintained that if the malapportionment of a legislature is "unconstitutional' every piece of legislation affecting a citizen It has passed since that malapportionment became a legal fact is also "unconstitutional and is thereby rescinded? If so. a decision that is right from the constitutional point of view may be an engraved Invitation to chaos.

But before the legislators complain, let them reflect that the tragedy is of their own making.

vancement of technical progress.

V I

Far be it from any classicist on philo.sopher <or intellectual quack) to advocate a lull in mans progressive mastery of the elements: however, a topic of this type bringr* to mind a,n old story, often (but apparently less often nowadays) re-told:

An aged and well-experienced mountain guide who had escorted thousands of sight-seers through the Swiss Alps embarked On another such mission with a group of London noblemen his charges.

It was the usual trek up the well-beaten path, graded somewhat to allow more rapid and less tiring ascent to the magnificent view from the three mile-high peak.

TTie old guide, whose muscle-end-bone was perfectly attuned to his routine climb, had spent the bulk of his 66-plus years under none but Gods roof. It was every-day businessv with him. Still, every climb, every view was a new one.

As was his cust(Hn. he called e halt to the hike only minutes after the party had stopped for lunch near the peak. He sat quietly, almost reverently, on a huge stone that marked the last bend in the trail, less than 100 feet from the peak that spread before it one of the worlds most bcatiful mountain scenes.

The sight-seers were impatient. They chomped at the bits-Almost angrily they demanded of the old guide: "Why have you stopped here? Only five minutes more and well be at the peak.

The old man answered quietly in a reverent tone: "Well go in a moment. But its always so much better up there if you stop here to let your spirit catch up with you.

THE UNITED WAY

Value

Of UN

Frbven

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Copyfight, 1961, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

f

. For many years, beginning with the San Francisco Conference, I wrote numerous articles opposed to the organization and the existence of the United Nations. S<Hne ol the reasons for my opposition have been justified by the course of events.

But there can be no satisfaction in that. M^ny unhappy prophecies prove to be .true and owe must be very imhappy that it should be so. It would have been more satisfactory if the United Nations had proved to be a grand success and that those of us who prophesied failure were shown to be frauds. And perhaps we shall be in the end.

Taking the situation as of 1961, the existence of the United Nations is of tremendous importance to the United States. And that is what counts so far as the American people are concerned. We cannot build policy without regard to the essential necessities of this country.

Why is the United Nations of value to the United States in the year 1961? The answer is that we need a forum where our representatives can speak directly to the world. President Kennedys recent speeck before the United Nations did more to clear the atmosphere than miles of propaganda releases could do. He defeated Soviet Russia In Africa with one speech. This will not happen every time. We face a very tough period in our history and we are likely to fail as often as we succeed, but our chances will be better if the Instruments available are beneficial to us.

It is true that Soviet Russia has used the anticcolonlalism issue to build an Afro-Asian opposition to the United States. Soviet Russia did not invent an-t.-colonialism. Curiously enough, history will establish that the anti-colonialslm issue was rife prior to World War I: that President Woodrow Wilson and Premier Jan Smuts of South Africa brought the issue before the nations at the Paris Peace Conference; that is was incorporated in the concept of a League of Nations; that the Gandhi movements in India supported by the United States; that at Teheran and Yalta President Franklin D. Roosevelt was clearly antagonistic to colonialism and that United State* policy was designed to free the colonial countries and to recognize them as soon as possible.

. It is a tragedy of history that the one nation which has consistently held to the doctrine of self-determination throughout its history, the Unied States, should be regarded as pnvcoloni-al. This is so because our principal allies have been and are the great colonial countries. On the other hand, Sorlet Russia, which has pursued a policy of expansion, Is universally regarded as anti*colonial. This paradox is' the result not of Soviet propaganda, which could not have accomplished so much, but rather of more than a century of antagonism between the colored and the white peoples. The Western whites are lumped together, as we erroneously lump all Latin-Americans together, or as most of the world lump all who live in what is called China as one people. Ethnical complexities cannot be simplified by giving a people a title.

In the-United Nations, the newer countries, many of which have been freed by American assistance, can, by experience, learn the truth. Most of the new countries are not prepared for self-government and have no economic basis for stability. It will take them a long time to discover what their position in the world really Is and that they cannot stand on their own. However, as long as the United Nations continues to exist and we are in it. these newer countries cannot be gobbled up by the great Powers. The battle for the ownership of the Congo is an example of the period that faces the small nations. For here is a struggle between Soviet Russia and Western Europe for control of a nation not ready to govern itself and not possessing the economy to rhaintain its people on a rising standard of living.

The Congo would have been gobbled up by now were it not for the existence of the United Nations. The aiternaUv# would

Flow Of Savings To California

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOl'GLA.S.S

FAITH IS THE ANSWER We can be sure of one thing God w always ready to give. The Epistle to the Hebrews tells us that faith is the giving of substance to things hoped for; that is. it is the power within us that so enables us to cooperate with the Holy Spirit that God can give us the things He ha: always wanted to give us. Faith tells us that there Is a victory which overcometh the worldeven our faith.

If people only knew what faith could do for them in the solving of their problems, the quieting of their minds, the fulfilling of their desires, the achieving of their tasks, they would stop leaoing 00 their owa powers

which are broken reeds and would begin to lean on the ever-la.iting power of God. The experience of devout believers has furthermore been that they can pray for others, people in far distanct place.s. and have things happen In their lives which are simply beyond any 'explanation other than that the power of God works where and how it wUl.

Religious faith is the greatest bjesslng any man can have. It raises the medioore Into the realm of achievement, the sorrowing Into comfort, the de-sparing into triumph, aiid'. the wicked Into forgiveness. Greater blessings than these do not exist on Gods fair earth.

Faith is the answer to moat of lifes,, questions.

By ELMER ROESSNER

The crackdown on savings and loan association premiums may end one of the' maddest eras of American financing. But it will not stem the amazing flow of savings from East to West, largely to California.

Californiaa.s they are beginning to teach even in the schools of Floridais growing faster In population than any other slate.

This is creating an unprecedented demand for housing, whipped up by real estate pro-motlor.s that make Florida promoters look like boys. Demand for housing is so great that prospects will pay 6Va percent and more for mortgage money.

For various reasons, the big finance companies and savings banks have been unable to supply the money. One reason Is that laws of many states restrict savings banks lending to I he, state itself, another is that lenders fear that a drop in the interest rate would lnduc6 many mortgagors to refinance . their Indebtedness, Cine never knows what the Kenneay Administration will do in the home-loan field.

X PER CENT SPREAD

But California mortgages companies can and do lend money at 6'a percent. And to get this money to lend, they offere depositors 44 percent considerably more than almost all savings banks and most common stocks pay. Savings banks in New York, for instance, are limited by law to 3.75 percent interest. and A. T. i T. pays less than 3 percent on current market prices.

The 2 percent difference between the co.st of borrowed^ money and the cost of loaned money is lush and tempting.

Assets of savings and loan associations in California totaled $10 billion at the start of this year; which mean an Interest collection of tip to $650 million dollars. Of this, $450 million was due depositors and the remaining $200 million for rent, reserves, payrolls, premlum.s, advertising, and salaries and fees. PREMIUM.S GALORE

Not satLsfled with the magnetic power of 44 or more percentage poiflts. the' California slil association offered a vast ar-^ lay of premiums to depositors.'* Carving seU, toasters, disk sets, dishes, ice bucket, car

cushions and bric-a-brac were offered.

Five years ago, the Federal Home Loan Bank board reined these giveaways. It declared that of the 6,302 s&l associations, the Federally chartered 1,885 could give away nothing more than $2..50 worth of loot for ev^^ ery $1,000 placed on deposit? Since the Federally chartered agencies do the far greater part of all business, this would severely limit premiums.

But the board reckoned without California' Ingenuity. The s&l associations started ofierlng discount coupons good for large reductions in the pnce of tclevisr, ion sets and other major appliances. When this dodge was ruled out, they started offering door prizessuch as Cadillacs-. To avoid lottery laws, anybody who stepped in to an s&l office, whether to deposit or not, was given a chance.

A FRANKENSTEINS MONSTER

But eventually the competition became a burden on the s&l associations. A study by the Stanford Research Institute showed the California companies were paying up to ig ^o$ai M Uia

total expenses for premiums and related adveStising.

Unable to agree among themselves to limit premiums because of anti-trust laws, s&l directors asked the State of California to limit premiums. The state obliged, extending the $2..')0 limit to printed matter and educational material. Maryland enacted similar restrictions and now the FHLB has made Federal regulations conform.

However, California s&l associations are stU using heaving advertising to attract Eastern money with the 44 percent rate. Lost Sundays New York Times, for Instance, carried at least 20 advertisements offering fat rates. S&L aMOctations in San Diego, Placerville. Palo Alto, Inglewood. Ontario, San Fran-cisco. Berkeley, Ventura, Pas-adena, Whittier and Los Angeles were bidding with 44 per cent: so was an organization in Las Vegas. Nev. In addition, several brokers advertised, two of them offering 5V4 percent *

Deposits insured! was the common refrain. That and tile 4* percent ought to keep draining Eastern savings into Western mortgagemoney.