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Wednesday, September 27, 1961

Three Prominent Americans Die

Speaking of Neutral

Thffte men who played prominent roles in shaping the cohrse of events for the United States in the past deeades have passed from the American scene/in recent days.

The names of Sumner Welles, Charles E. Wilson, and General Robert L. Eichelberger at different times in the past two decades were almost household words throuuout the United States, and their actions had a sharp^effect upon the American people.

During the late *30s and early "^40s it was Sumner Welles as second in command in the State Department who strongly influenced American foreign policy, particularly as it affected the relationships of this country with its Latin American neighbors. It^ was Welles who is credited with coining the phrase good neighbor policy^' and who convinced President Roosevelt to carry out this policy^ to cement relations in the Western Hemisphere.

A year after Welles resigned as undersecretary of State the name of Gen. Eichelberger became prominent as he assumed command of the U.S. 8th army in the Pacific to guide the island-hopping campaign that won back the Philippine Islands. Subsequently he commanded the Allies occupation forces in Japan from 1945 to 1948.

Charles E. Wilson, Secretary of Defense during the administration of President Eisenhower, likewise

A Lot Of Bonds To Be Voted On

By LYNN NISBET BONDS On November 7 the people of North Carolin will hte opportunity to vote on the qMetlon of isaulng State .bonds in the aggregate amount of B2.447.000 for capital Improvement at various tax si^portcd Instltutiona- The bonds were authorized by the 1961 General Assembly, subject to approval of the voters, and Governor San-ford has called the election for November 7.

The Legislature also authorized issuance of orne six and a quarter million dollars In bonds wlthmit a vote for capital Improvements. that being the constitutional limit for such action. There Is no duplication of objects or purposes in the two is-eues- There is one difference in status of the bonds. The budget bureau has authority to transfer some itns within total availability legislative bonds.' but the money provided by voted bonds cannot be used for ar purpose other than set out in the act until the needs of that purpose have been fully met, (There have been a few instances where small amounts of voted bond money have been left over when projects were completed, and after a certain time it was put into the general fund.)

A limited exception to the rigid restrictions on use of funds derived from the currently proposed bond issue is in the State Ports Item of $13.500,000. The expenditure of that amount is left to the State Ports Authority aiid the Director of the Budget, with implication it will be used for development of ports At Morehead C^ity and Willming-ion, but with specific power given the Director of the Budget, upon approval by the Advisory Budget Commission, to 'authorize and direct the State Ports Authority to expend sums not exceeding four hundred thousand ($400,000), from funds ap-pri^rlated in this section, for the purpose of developing an Inland port or for developing inland ports,*

DISTRIBUTION There will be ten places to vote on the ballots, ranging from $289,000 for agricultural research stations to $31.800,000 for educational In-atituUons. Actually these ten *X marks will approveor disapprovedevelopment project In a hundred or more communl-ttes.

. .JPor example, the $31,800.000 for educational Institutions will be davided among 15 projects located at CuUowheo, Elizabeth City and points between. The Item of $1.483,000 for community colleges will go to projects at Asheville. Cfaarkiite, Eliaabetb City and Wilmington.

The $7,396,000 for mental hos

pitals will be divided, among the instituitloos from Kinston u> Morganton. and the half milUoii allotted to the Medical Care Commission for aid to local general hospitals is available to any of the 100 counties that can qualify. Funds earmarked for State parks and for agricultural research stations (formerly called test farms) will be spread over some 30 projects from the seashore to the Great Smoky Mountains.

The projects included in the bond provisions were selected after careful study of the need, with a view to the best interests of all the communities and all the people of the state. It is unavoidable that a considerable part of the money should be allocated to Chapel Hill and Raleigh. where educational and govermental headquarters are established. It is interesting to note, however, that of the $31,-800,000 for educatlonsl institutions more than $20 million goes to places other than Chapel Hill and Raleigh.

Besides providing desperately needed facilities the $62 million building program will give tremendous boost to the state economyand its effect will be felt In every section of North Carolina.

MECHANICS ~ Elections, whether for bond Issues or for personal candidates, are not won without effort. Somebody must inform the voters on issues involved and "arouse Interest enough to get the citizens to go and vote.

In the ciu-rent bond issues situation the public needs to be informed in detail about^ what the money will be used for. if the bonds arc voted, not just that it will be used to advance education or health. TWs Infw-mation is available In statutory enactment. The act which authorized the bonds, subject to approval by the people, sets out in minutes detail the purposes for which the money can be spent.

A committee ha.s been named to present this facual information to the voters, .headed by John W. Umstead Jr.. veteran legislator from Orange County, long time chairman of the Hospitals Board of Control, who also served as chairman of the committee which waged a successful campaign for $34 million bonds two years ago.

This committee will see to It that between now and voting day on November 7 every citizen of North Carolina will have oiH>ortunlty to know what the bond money will be spent for Not Just $3.406,750 for East Carolina College or 134.4Q0 for Pembroke College, but Just exactly what clasarooms or dormitories or cafeterias are proposed.

left his imprint upon the course of .the United States during the period he held this important and sensitive post. His tenue in the^ cabinet had its stormy and controversial moments, but his firm hand of leadership set a course which has carried over into the present.

The death of these three men whose names have been prominent in the government of the United States in modern times further thins the ranks of elder statesmen" and old soldiers" who a relatively few years ago charted the course of our ship of state.

Merit Scholarships Involve Many Factors

It is significant that six high school students from Pitt County have been selected as semifinalists in the 1961-62 National Merit Scholarship competition These results speak well for Rose High School in Greenville where five of the students are enrolled, and for Bethel High School where one of the semifinalists is enrolled.

At the same time, citizens should not jump to the conclusion that the failure of other high ^schools in the county to have representatives in the list of semifinalists in this national contest is a reflection on those schools.

The National Merit Scholarship Committee has stressed that the quality or effectiveness of a school cannot be judged by the number of its students who reach the semifinals in the competition. In the words of the committee, it cannot be done be(;ause many factors can influence the number of semifinalists in a. school. Among the considerations are these: the population distribution in the state where the school is located, the nature of the immediate community of the school, the size of the school, the level of community support it receives and the native intelligence of its best students." . _______

In summary, saVs the committee, "the output of any school depends to a considerable extent on its in-

Certainly the students from Pitt County schools By PATRICIA MOORE

who have reached the semifinals in this nation-wide competition this year and other years have a % good account of themselves and have reflected credit upon their own schools. They are to be commended for their achievement.

Nansen

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Boxes Shrink Our Worlc.

Sough Outline egins Aj^ear

By JOHN M. HIGHTOWER

UNITED NATIONS, N. Y. (AP)The rough outline of a possible East - West agreement to end the Berlin crisis Is beginning to appear in official statements, including President Kennedys speech to the United Nations.

This development indicated today, as some Western diplomats are saying privately, that sooner or later the Soviet Union and the Allied powers will agree on a compromise formula for opening negotiations to see whether a deal is possible.

What is highly uncertain Is whether the formula can be worked out in Western diplomatic talk.s now under way with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei A. Gromyko. The talks could produce accord In the next few days if Premier Khrushchev is ready to ea.se the tensions over Berlin a bit. If he Ls not, the cui-rent^ efforts of Secretary of State Dean Rusk and British Foreign Secretary Lord Home will end in failure.

Should these preliminary discussions collapse, however, the prospect is that some new effort to arrange negotiations will be undertaken later in the fall. Western leaders seem privately convinced of this be cause the alternative to a Berlin settlement may well be a nuclear war.

Kennedy told the United Nations Monday the Western powers are determined to defend West Berlin "by whatever means are forced upon them. But he expressed confidence that "firmness and reason can lead to a peaceful solution.

Tlt President stopped short of saytnk whxt kflW of solotioit might be acceptable to the United States and its allies.

Keiuiedy said the United Slates recognized that Germany could be kept divided by troops and taitks.. His guarded statement implied acceptance Indefinitely of the existing division of Germany. Such acceptance could lead to Western accommodation to Communist authority in East Germany.

Khrushchev long has demanded that the Western powers rec ognize the East German Communist regime. The implications of what Kennedy said atop far short of full recognition, but the foreign ministers of the United States, Britain, Prance and West Germany have talked over privately the possibility (rf accepting the face of Red rule In East Germany.

Kennedy said he believed an agreement could be worked out that would protect "the freedom of West Berlin and Allied pres

ence and access.

This comes close to the crux of the matter because Khrushchev clearly wants Allied troops withdrawn. But he also has talked a great deal about guaranteeing West Berlin as a "free city and also guaranteeing access. The gap between his position and Kennedys could be a subject of negotiation, diplomats say. though he would have to accept the presence of Western troops.

Kennedy also spoke about

"recognizing the historic and legitimate interests of others In assuring European security. What he meant by this was not explained. But it could be taken by Khrushchev as an offer to discuss security problems, if, as he has claimed, he is afraid of a resurgent Germany armed with nuclear weapons.

Khiushchev has promised East Germany a peace U-eaty by the end of this year. Kennedy said the Western Allies are not concerned with that. The real Issues arise over what Khrushchev may try to do to West Berlin once the treaty is signed.

One major reason the Western powers w'ould like to get the Soviets Into detailed negotiation on the Berlin and German questions is that they want to know what Khrushchev intends to do after the treaty is in force.

Opinions In Brief

Handbook operators take the Fifth Amendment, Disappointed clients marvel not that they have sunk that low but that they can count that high."-Miami Herald.

The world began to shrink as the boxes were opened and we started taking cans out of one of them.

One, two, three, four. . jjix. . . eight. . .ten. . .twelve. fourteen. Fourteen pints of water. The cans looked like soup cans without any colored paper labels.

There was a great big can container of food: multipurpose food that weighs four and a half pounds and would give a person the basic minimum nourishment for survival for 14 days.

There was more.

Two cans, one for mixing and the other for utility purposes. Inside one of them was a red measuring spoon and a can opener. You probably already have those.

And a little cellophane package with 14 yellowish tablets to supply vitamin "C.

All these things came in a pasteboard box from Surv'iv-All

Inc., to the Ayden Town Office last Friday, They were ordered 80 that the townspeople could ipspect a kit" containing the life-sustaining substances for 14 days, in case a nuclear attack made It necessary to have food to keep one alive for 14 days without venturing out into the contaml-'nated air.

We had been anxiously awaiting the arrival of "Survlv-All for several weeks, since the Ayden Town Manager Cleveland Paylor told us he had ordered the kits. It it the first compact kit of that kind we have seen, not

Other Editors Saying ... Softer U.S. Approach?

featuring name brands of canned meats, vegetables and fruits.

In contrast, the plain tin cant brought the gravity of the situation a little closer. No survival kit could very well contain ice cream, fresh chocolate cake and potato chips. Or a hot roast or steak. Or salt and pepper. Who wants to mix pepper with multipurpose food?

One can of that water made the whole world shrink.

Quote ..

Vermont, it I's claimed Is almost wholly Republican and has the highest suicide rate in the country. Guess that particular group of conservatives Just cant stand to see what the socialistic liberals are doing to this country. Columbia (S.C.) State.

"You might as well fall flat on your face as lean over too far backward. James Thur-ber.

"The railroads* role In the daily life of the country is enormous. Last year, despite the heavy Inroads made by competitors, they carried 44 per cent of all intercity freight traffic. They had 780,000 employees, accounted for a payroll of $S billion, spent $2.5 billion for equipment and supplies, and their tax bill came to around $1 billion. And, in the event of war, their role expands tremendously. Industrial Newe Review.

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

If West German officials are upset over reports that the U. S. is in the process of changing its policy on East Germany, they have every right to be. While Wasliington is not giving official approval to such reports being circulated in Europe, there Is strong reason to believe such reports are true. Some diplomats insist there is really no change merely a tendency to be more realistic.

Anyway you look at it, the U. S. policy amounts to a softer approach if the new policy includes recognizing Elast Germamy. That seems to be the gist of the new attitude. The whole thing smacks of an impending concession In the current West Berlin crisis at a time when the U. S. owes concessions to no one.

The American officials in Berlin are insisting that West German leaders face up to the existence of the East (Jerman Communist stated This sound# a bit strange coming from /Lmerl-cans who do not officially recognize East Germanyunless It is a prelude to official recognition in Washington, a situation that could become fact at a future date soon.

If that proves to be the case it will represent a complete about-face in American policy and will constitute a major diplomatic victory for Nikita Khrushchev who has said all along the Americans will recognize East Germany as an independent government.

Reports insist the Kennedy ad-ministratitm is advising German leaders to prepare for some recognition ol Communist East Ger

many in forthcoming bargaining with the Soviet Union to end the Berlin crisis. This sort of talk Is ominous. It bodes no good for the unity and firmness of the West, which heretofore has stood solidly against the inroads made by Khrushchev in his cold war.

German officials regard the current . S. warnings as a prelude to a more "elastic U. S. attitude in future attempts to get an East-West settlement of the Berlin and German questions. "Elastic is a poUte term in Foggy Bottom gobbledygook which means concessions will be made for the sake of peace. By contrast, firmness is defined as "inelastic or unchanging In attitude.

.. Willy Brandt, spirited mayor of Berlin, is quite naturally disappointed in the new American viewpoint. Quite correctly he reminds the West of its treaty obligations to represent the interests of all Germany in working for reunification while preserving Berlins links with West Germany. The new talk on the part of U. S. officials sounds as if they no longer hope for re-

^ unification and recognize East

' Germany as 'a permanent, separate nation.

It thus came as a shock to West Germans to hear reports that the Allies were softening their refusal of the past 12 years to accord any recognition to the Communist regime of East Germany on the ground it was propped up only by Soviet bayonet. Such a softening of attitude leads one to wonder, quite naturally, at what other pointa will the Allies next begin to soften their heretofore flnxi attitudes against Soviet aggression and buUylng.

"Weve had too many inner-epring mattresses, not enough beds of straw. We used to sleep on strawIt was all we had. The hardest damn thing In the w'orld is to walk when you have an automobile,Gen. Lewis-B. Hershey, Selective Service Director.

"Men and nations do not build guns, super-bombs and other destructive weapons for decorative purposes. They are built for one purpose and one purpote alonewar, either to conquer or to protect against aggression.Sanford (N.C.) Herald.

The vote of a majority of nationsmany without tradition, some without law, most inheritors of antipathies that happen to make them anti-Westernis the court of final appeal for this nations position and principle." Richmond News Leader.

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le m History

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1961, King Peaturqs Syndicate, Inc.

It ia not usual that a passport *is named after a man, but after World War I, when large numbers found themselves homek^ss and helpless, a teq^inique was evolved to give the stateless a document equivalent to a passport and generally recognized. That was ie Nansen passport, named after Fridtjof Nansen whose hundredth anniversary will be celebrated on October 10.

Too few have recognized that perhai the most frightful result of war is statelessness which to many meanf' homelessness. Village have dkappeared; hpmes have been burned to the ground; all documents are lost. There is no money. What does one do? Where docs he live? Where does he go? Where are his relative* and friends?

To this problem. Fridtjof Nansen devoted his life. A Norwegian, Nansen had gained fame as an explorer. He was the first man to cross Greenland. In 1896, aboard a small ship, the Fram, he set off to reach the North Pole and came closer to it than any man had before him.

Nansens professions were oceanography and diplomacy.

He was the Norwegian Minister to Great Britain and then led a diplomatic mission to the United States. From 1920 until his death, he represented Norway at the League of Nations. It was during those years, he devoted himself to the stateless.

War to Nansen was a human not a military problem and it dealt with Individual human beings whose lives were suddenly dislocated and disturbed. As Herbert Hoover was concerned with feeding the starving. Nansen sought to find a home for the homeless, to move masses of l>eople who had become what we now-a-days call refugees to soms place where they could live normal lives, look after their families, earn a living by their labor and forget the tragic years which uprooted them.

After 1921, when Nansen was appointed High Commissioner for Refugees of the League of Nations, he knew no nationalities, no distinctions between man and man. He only knew that human beings were struggling to survive as persons and that it was his task to help them. Tha Nansen passport was accepted by more than 50 governments and many distinguished persons had no other document.

The Nobel Prize was awarded Nansen in 1932 as universal recognition of his labors for the hungry and horoelees. There have been too few men like Nansen In our timestoo few who lived utterly selfless lives and who devoted themselves wholly to the welfare of those who had been abandoned or for those * who could not adjust to the startling changes of this age.

The refugee problem is still with us. All over the world there are refugees from war and revolution and their numbers in-tirease. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has taken on Nansens noble work. Such countries as Australia and Canada, which need population, open their doors to refugees from all European countries, but we ahall soon have a problem of African refugees which will not be so readily solvable.

The 100th anniversary of Nansens birth to be celebrated on ' October 10 is a good date to give thought to this problem of mans inhumanity to man. It is a time to think this problem out.

War does not only destroy: it cripples; it leaves men and women helpless. Its greatest cost is homelessness and it is that problem that neither the conqueror nor the vanquished can do much about. .The conqueror is distnisted. Besides, he usually has contempt for those whom he conquered. Pity is a rara quality. On the other hand, the vanquished is ttunned by the results of war. Often there are marginal peoples, like Armenians, who are wiped out in large numbers by each conqueror, perhaps because they lie on the highroads of an empire.

For the remote, the distant homeless, we may contribute a few dollars to buy food, but that doe not solve their problem, for what they require is a home, a hearth for the family, a place to give birth and a place to die with dignity. For what else la there to the life of man? Whether one Is a pauper or a millionaire,, these are the ultimate requirements of life. Beyond these there are only degrees ol (Continusit on page five) v

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rhe Accident-Prone Worries

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS THE GRACE OF GOO .

We often hear the expression "The grace of God. The Bible peaks much of God's grace. What it really means is God's graciousnest.

Gods grace is His wUUngness to forgive us our sins entirely apart from our deserts and to . save us, not because we deserve to be saved but because He loves us and wants to save ua.

We dan cultivate in our minds dismal and honlhle pictures of God which keep us unhappy and trlghieo us as we confront the crises of Ule. God would not help a sinner Uke me, we keep repeating to ourselves. God Is Jut. He will give me what I deserve. Md that will be bad. God wlIL remember all by evil and treat' me accordingly.

Certainly nothing In our Uvea evtl as weU as goodescapes God's scrutiny. But the Biblical teaching ot grace is that God'a graat desire la not to punish us for our sins but to lead us on In an experience of growth and development, and to treat us not in a spirit of retrlbuUon but In a spirit of love.

Should we fear God? Yes. If we deliberately practice evU and insolently refuse to turn way from our evil. Most ot us, however, are not vicious and determiMd sinners; we are weak sinners.

God's grace is avaUable to ua and extended to us. What wt should fear is our weak and indulgent nature; what we should rely upon la God's grace and His willingness to forgive, help and redeem us.,

By ELMER ROESSNER Every employer knows that the workers who have had an accident In the past are moat likely to be the workers who will have an accident today. All employers know about accident proneness, or the tenitency of certain people to have repeated accidents.

Statistical analyses are frlxht-ening. in a aingle idant. the "accident prone people may have as many as seven times the accidents as the others.

Vast amounts ol studies have centered on this phenomenon of the modern industrial civilization. Candi(hitei for college degrees have been trying to find out attitudes of wives of those who arc inclined to have accidents. their childhood pressures and their religlmis beltels. R thsrt la any study relating breakfasts to accidents, It vwuld protMsbly show that ham-and-eggers have fewer mishaps than tea-and-toasters.

HOW TO SPOT REPEATERS Until now, most employera

have been limited to a rule-of-thumb: the people with the most accidents in the past will have the moet accidenta in the future.

But Thomae N. Jenkins, a New York University prelessor, has been working on the euhject and as a consequence employers may now spot the accident-prone worker before he loeea his first thumb.

Five years ago Jenkinss studies showed that there were measurable personality factors related to accident proneness. Now, in the Amertcan Management As-soeiationB magaiine, "Peraon-nel. he lists seven syndromes associated with the tendency to have rei>eat accidents.

CLUES TO WEAKNESSES

These patterns are:

1. Atteutlveiiess. The injury-repeaters aUention tends to be mora easily distracted than safe workers from the task ha is working on.

2. Judiciousness. The injury-rrpester reveals a reintlvs nn-awareness or lack of discern

ment of th# need for acting pro-dently. . .

5. Qroop-dissocUitlve tndepea-desee. The Injury-repeater tends to feel less inclined to accept or comply with rules, standards, and social customs.

4. Pertenal'social sessitlvity. The injury-repeatsrs feelings and attitudes are less easily swayed by eltbar the feelings or the actions of other people.

. 5. Attitude toward pain. The InJury-repeater tends not to mind being in pain, and may even get a thrill out of it. Me also tends to forget the pain he may have experienced In the past. Never "hoited.

6. SsU-assuraaoc. Tha injury-repeater exhU>its a kind of self-confidence that militates against the feeling that any forethought or preveniue care may be seeded. Instead, be tends to feel that complications an unlikely and that In any case he can handle them spontaneously should they arise.

7. Social orlcnUtlon. The In-Jury-repeater tends to have ag

gressive, seli-asaertive attitudes toward others. He is not so likely to be Interested in teamwork or cooperating in the achievement of group goals.

The professor's cnnclutions are guides, not absolutes, of course.

There could be a person who ha4 a perfect response on all seven points, yet never had an accident. In fact. I think I oould not past a singla test, yet I cant recall a singla loss-Ume accndent in my Uls.

REVOLUnONARYt CHICKSN IN CnCKtN BOUPI

Thanks to tho Ksooadf Ad-miniatralloo. you will Mwy or ehicksa In turkay st sfrtahsa aoup. At laast, I ptt said.

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