Wednesday, September SO, lf61

Ready for the Big Splash?

Soviet Opportunity To Weaken UN_

Neutra.

Will tbe Soviet Union be able to deatrox

ed i^^aiions or render this international organization an ineffective body that will die of stagnation as did the League of Nations?

. The answer to this question hangs in the, balance as the U.N. General Assembly're-convenes following the death of its Secretary-General Dag Hammars^old.

Soviet Premier Khrushchev made it clear last year when he appeared before the U.N. General Assembly that his government did not recognize Ham-piarskjold as the top U.N. official. This point was reiterated by the Soviets this week when they refused to parlisipate in the U.N. statement praising Ham-marskjolds service to the U.N. and-to international efforts for peace. It has also been made clear that the Soviet Union is determined that the U.N. in the future^ does not have a strong Secretary-General who enjoys the power which Hammarskjold did. 'They have demanded either a secretary-general who becomes a figurehead with little real authority, or a three-member board composed of a Westerner, a Communist, and a neutral, each of whom would have veto power.

Either or these alternatives would almost surely eliminate the effectiveness of the United Nations as it has become known in recent years. Under the leadership of Hammarskjold it was transformed from a forum for debate into an international organization

Advisory Trenc. N. Carolina

By LYNN N18BET

ADVISORY Many atudenta ef developmenta &r beginning to wonder if we may be approaching by advisory in North Carolina. The diversity, multiplicity and increasing number of ad-vleory councils, study oommis-lona with recoramendajtory powers, and volunteer amid curiae** friends of the court), raises the queetkm whether these sux-Ulary sgeneies may not hinder rather thsn promote efficiency in fomnmait.

The sdvlsory groups csn be ivid roughly Into four classes. Plrst are the statutory permanent commissions, authorized by statute and assigned specific functions. Next are the temporary study commissions established by the General Assembly for the study of a single problem and recommendation for remedial legislation. Then there are the larger number of boards, commissions and councils appointed by the Governor or some other coastltutionaJ airthority without specific statutory mandate, but in conformity with Intent and purpose of the statutes.

Finally there are the. groups purporting to represent and speak for various civic organl-aations, without statutory recognition but insisting upon offering advice and counsel under the constitutional right of free speech and petition for relief of grievances.

There is no way to find how many groupe are In the last named class. Tehre are hundreds of them. There are officials records on the number of the advisory commissions required by statute and permitted by statute, and the ninnber appointed State officials for boards. Your reporter has not attempted a complete roster, but here art a few in each class.

flTATTORY The State has a Hospitals Board of Control eharged with supervision of all tax supported institutions for the trealment cf mental ailments among North Carolina citizens. And it also has a statutory *advleory council to tell this board how to operate. The Department of Conservation and Development hs a commercial fisheries division with a committee of board members to admioisier iU-and a statutory advisory oommissloa <m the side. The ooMtltuUonil Defmrtment of Insurance was thought to need aa advisory board, and the Chrn Defenee Council has more folks to advise than are members of the Ootndl itself.

In the area of legislative ad-vDsory or study groig the range le all the way from the General Matutea Commission and re-rgantaatlon of State Oovemr ments and ofclals on how bet-

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NATIONAL ADVKXTUINO MPRBSENTATlVBf

Ihsnae P Clark Oo^ loe.. New York, Ohleego. Atlanta. Uuabm Bureau of Olrculatloa.

AU advertising oopj must be reoelved at least one day before OubUcation date.

a public school house should be used for instruction. Recommendations ^f these groups, whether permanent or temporary, have considerable weight and influenoe upon the Legislature, but no binding autiwity.

FREE-WHEELING - It fi in the area o non-legislative extra-legalbut not illegalcommissions that the idea of advisory, government really flourishes. Hardly a week goes by without the addition of some designated group to advise State departments and officials on now better to iki their Announcements of these advisories is nearly always accompanied with the statement that their activities will not cost the taxpayer anything, that expenses are being paid from contributions by private busine.5s interests. That is both good and bad. Taxpayers like a free ride, but there remains the danger that findings and recommendations will be colored by known opinions of the financial angels. ^

EDUCATION - Itv, is not surprising that many of thc.se advisory groups operate in the field of education. Some two weeks ago the State Board of Education announced appointments of an Advisory Council on Teacher Education and Professional Standards. A few days later Governor Sanford announced appointment of the Governors Commission on Education Beyond the High School. and another committee to Keep Children in School. Two or three years before that Governor Hodges had appointed a Citizens Committee for Better SchooLs.*

Governor Hodges established a committee to promote the Challenge Program for agriculture, and Governor Sanford named another group to publicize Agricultural Ow>ortuni-tles in North Carolina.

Governor Hodges by executive order established the Governors Traffic Council to work for safety <m ttie highways, and Governor Sanford sponsored organization of a Traffic Safety Coum^ with substantial nontax financial aupport to further the same purpose.

LOBBYISTS The term lobbyist has acquired a sort of unsavory connotation, because it most often Is thought of In connection with pressure brought by selfish interests upon legislators and State officials. Fact Is, the most active and generally the most effective lobby-1^ are these sundry ad viso-ry commissions. Legislators art predisposed to accept their recommendations, with giving or much consideration to how or why they came into being. Therein lies the incipient danger of Government by advlso-rlet.

whieh* weiXdd real power in difficult international situations. It has become an effective force for the protection of small, weak nations in the face of the kind of aggression which the Soviet Union has advocated and attempted to carry out. ' ' ;

It is no secret that the United Nations Tas not served the purposes of the Soviet Union4n the letters attempt at global conquest. Neither is it a secret that the U.N. has become an increasingly powerful roadblock in the path of the Soviet Union.

The death of Hammarskjold affords the Soviet Union the opportunity to render the U.N. an ineffective international organization, and it must be presumed that the Soviets will make the most of the opportunity.

The United States and its allies, alimg with the many small and uncommitted nations throughout the wrld, must exert every resource and means at their disposal to see that the Soviet Union is not successful in capitalizing upon their present opportunity to destroy the United Nations.

More Applicants Are Being Turned Away

On most college camppses throughout the country classes are well underway and college enrollments generally have reached new r.ecord marks. While this is significant, there is another side of the coin which is also significant.

As a general rule, colleges and universities this yeat found thaji the number of students who applied foriadmission but were not enrolled also reached a new record high.

At East Carolina College, for example, there were some 3,600 new studentsfreshmen and transfer studentswho applied for admission. Of that number slightly less than 2,200 new students are now on the campus ... the other 1,400 new applicants missing

from the enrollment. ^ , rBy HENRY HOWARD

There are, of course, many reasons which contribute to this large number of applicants not being admitted. The sharp increase in the number of applicants for admission to college has caused a general stiffening of requirements for admission. These changes have eliminated a number of the applicants With

creqtnmg

Eastern Carolinians breathed

deskV^vkiUbVs for only go many studinte most insti- *

tutions of higher learning have tried to pick the appii- ..^evere hurricane Esther had.

asier iouay

cants who appear best qualified for college work. for some reason, decided to vent Another factor is the increasing number of stu- her most severe fury on the dents who apply for admission at two or more colleges open spaces of the Atlantic.

in the hope of being accepted at one if they are unable while some of the coastiand in vpi intn nnother ^olk were being plagued with

In the case of East Carolina College, another factor which contributed to the wide margin between served to relax any fears of the number of new applicants and the number of new highiy-destructive winds. Rtud^ts actually enrolled was the shortage of housing ^ oreenviiie. as lats as

for prospective students on campus and in the com- midnight, it was stiii quite calm munitv. Some of the 1,400 "other applicants on rec- enough outside for the crickets ord at East Carolina this fall arc enrolled in other **>*

coliches. Some others, to be sure, decided not to enter But, nevertheiws. the watch college although they probably would have been ac-

cepted at East Carolina or elsewhere. And some, in ^ weather a real mean storm, all probability, are not in college because their aca- Esther, fortunately, decided to demic records did not afford them sufficient priority Piay around in the sea, content

to gain admission ahead of other applicants. n sh1Te^ywar

The situation points up the fact that competition for enrollment in colleges is increasing annually. At prepara-

the same time greater pressure i,s bein^ put on insti- peopirseemed Xd enoShj^oli tutions of higher learning for expansion to take care Esther just wa^d to play, of the increasing number of qualified students who ,

w'ish to continue their formal education in college.

But, speaking of hurricanes.

through the Gulf Coast. The only thing in the Texans* favor was that they had ample notice and were prepared for the worst.

On top of the terrible wind and water damage that ran into so many millions, Carla routed out practically every snake on the Texas Gulf Coast.

And, speaking of Carla. Some people who have family connections around Greenville got a first-hand look at her last week.

Mrs. Rupert Allen of Greenville says her daughter (the former Joan Allen), son-in-law and their two children (the David Granitz family) rode out the hurricane in their home at Dickinson, Tex., straight inland from Galveston. Granitz, a 1956 East Carolina College graduate, joined the staff of Galvestons John Sealy Hospital Aug. 1.

Mrs. Allen says the major Inconvenience caused by Carla for Dickinsons 4,700 people was the loss of electrical power for about 36 hours.

ate their Texas City home to seek refuge in San Antonio.

Mrs. Allen says he was allowed' to enter Texas City, Just across Galveston Bay from Galveston, Saturday to review the damage. Carla poured some eight feet of water over Texas City which boasted a population of about 32,000.

Apparently, Carla messed up things pretty badly because Mrs. Allen says it will be some time before Texas City's residents can return to th^ir homes.

Meantime. Mutrays family Is quartered at^he Granitz home in Dickinson until some of the storms wake can be cleared away.

N Enmeshec.

It aint always that way. Take Carla, for example.

She really ripped and roared

Fletcher Murray, son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Murray of Greenville, however, was not so fortunate, He, his wife and their young son were forced to evacu-

Back to Esther again. As long as she wants to keep her distance and kick up 30-foot waves where they wont hurt so badly, we can count ourselves pretty fortimate.

One thing she did accomplish, though. She gave lu something to talk about and to plot on those hurricane tracking charts.

In Fateful Crisis

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP)Instead of just a Berlin crisis, there may be a United Nations crisis.

The United States and Russia bold in their hands the fate of the world organization and therefore just about any hope for peace, remote as that seems-The fateful question now Is whether the two giants can agree on a successor to U. N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold, who was killed Monday In an African plane crash.

At last years U.N. meeting la New York Premier Khurshchev not only called Hammarskjold a fool but said he bad become a Western tool.

The secretary-general is the organizations highest executive officer. He runs It under the direction of the Security Council and the Oeneiml Assembly.

Khrushchev a year ago demanded that Hammarskjold be replaced by three secretarles-general: one representing the West, one the Soviet bloc, and one the neutral*;, with each able to veto what the others wanted.

This would render the United Nations helpless in any crisis and leave it, at best, strictly a debating society. It is questionable the United States would remain a member if three secretaries were i^jpolnted.

Outside the Soviet bloc Khru-^shchev got small support. Neutrals tried to suggest a middle ground that the organization appoint three special assistants to the secretary-general. On#

speak for the West, one for the Communist bloc, the other for the neutrals.

Nothing was done on this. Hammerskjold refused to quit. The Soviets were stuck with him, it seemed, until his term would expire in April 1963. His sudden death now gives Khrushchev a fresh chance to tear up the United Nations.

This country and Russia have other pressing problemslike Berlin and disarmamentand its possible, to avoid an immediate U.N. crisis, they may reach a temporary compromise on a single successor to Hammarskjold.

By letting such an individual serve out the unexpired term. East and West could postpone their U-N, fight for two years. Even mentioning this kind of reasonable, if temporary, settlement, comes under the heading of wishful thinking.

These next few days will reveal what is on Khrushchevs unpredictable mind.

The very machinery of the United NationsJor choosing a secretary-generalsets th stage for pulling the roof down, if aiwone wants to.

Plrst the 11-nation Security Council must recommend the choice for secretary to the 99-natlon General Assembly. But the United States and Russia both sit in the Security Council. Both have the power of veto there.

Thus either could keep the (Continued from Page 5)

Opinions

Other Editors Saying... In Brief Rockefeller Is Shifting

(Henderson Dispatch)

Political observes claim that Governor Nelson Rockefeller of New York is shifting his position about abuses of relief outlays. Their deduction is that the Governors original vigorous opposition to the Newburgh plan of curtailing handouts to Hlers or vagrants is being greatly modified in a retreat in the face of what is held to befairly general national endorsement of the Newburgh policy of removing chiselers from welfare rolls.

Here again political expediency is being brought into play. Rockefeller is a candidate for the Republican nomination in 1964 and wants to4)e on the popular side on national issues. Thus far he has been an ultra-liberal in his New York State program. But he will have no trouble jumping to the other side of the fence If he thinks, more votes can be had there. Most politicians find it necessary at times to a<xommodate themselvez to the trends.,^ public opinion.

In could be that by 1964 thre will be such a revulsion against welfare abuses on the part of the public that the popular will cannot be mistaken.

The Governor was quick to change front on the Newburgh program. After opposing it he

has more recently discovered that the plan has struck a sympathetic chord througlRJut the nation, and we are studying the situation carefully. Rockefeller has done an about-face on foreign aid also, and wired GOP House Leader Charles Halleck (Ind.) that he was unalterably oppoed* to Treasury financing of Kennedys long-range program. He was made aware, too, of the position of his party in New York when a mayoralty platform called for work rather than loafing for all able-bodied reliefers. Many think that was a reaction to popular resentment.

Trend toward handouts has been rather rapid at the national level in recent years. The road back, if it can be found, will be rougher and will not be travelled as easily. There Is a noticeable stirring of working people against supgK>rting loafers and chiselers, but It will have to be far more pronounced than it is ap_ yet before terc is an effective reversal to cotn-mon^sense In public affairs.

Rockefeller is putting himself into position to backtrack on some of his own ultra-liberal policies if he senses advantages in doing so. Already he la mov;; Ing In that direction.

'There are any number books that you do not have to read to be well-informed. Hertford County Herald.

If all the cars in the world were placed end to end, it would be safer to pull out into the other lane.Greatfalls (Mont.) Independent.

Jracis

There was no distinctive lipstick flavors when Grandpa was a young man, and he says when you kissed a girl, all you could taste was girl, which was all right with him, he said, becau^ he knew whom he was kissing.** California (Mo.) Democrat.

Since the ConstltutiMi gives states the right to set qualifications for voting there is some question whether Congress can properly take from Uiem the right to safeguard the franchise.Christian* Sciencs Mmii-tor.

Workers in Russian defense plants have asked to be allowed to work 8 hours a day instead of 7 to bolster the nations military power, a Moscow report says. They approved resolutions presented to them by Communist party leaders in fiery speeches. This probably goes to show that a defense plant job looks easier than military duty, there, as elsewhere.^Lumberton (N. C.) Robesonian.

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY

Copyright,. 1961. King Features Syndicate, Inc,

Accordink to * President^ Sukar-^,,' no of Indonesia, fto bloc of n-. tions was to be organized at Belgrade. He said:

We come together here not as members of a bloc, for Indeed countries which conduct a policy of non-alignment do not constitute a bloc. We abhor the very Idea of blocs. We have come together because we maintain the view that the creation cf blocs, especially when based upon power politics^ and the armaments race, can only lead to war which, In this nuclear era. can only mean the extinction of mankifld.

There wa^ no ixior consultation and agreement between us before we adopted our respective policies of non-alignment.

In the first place, Belgrade did pass a resolution which in its nature constitute those who " accepted it as a bloc and which, despite Khrushchevs shooting off nuclear weapons to no pu --pose, left the delegates without a word to say aarainst Khrushchev and his bombs.

This silence violates decency and makes it an impudence on the part of Sukarno 'to cofBfe to the United States tofplead with President Kennedy th meet with Khrushchev. Sukarno is a fanatical demagogue who can attack every country except Soviet Russia and Red China of which he lives in fear. Read this paragraph:

Have no fear, gentlemen. We are not children. We know a colonialist when we see one. We shaU deal as effectively with new colonialism as we have dealt with and are dealing with the old ones. Do not try to divert our attention from the pre^nt cancers racking our bodies. Rid the world of these festering sores Algeria, West Irian, Angola. Bizerta!-and we have no fear.

We shall be well steeled in the battle against colonialism in its purest form. We shall be well equipped to deal with any new " imperialism that may try to raise its ugly head

But what does he say about * Soviet imperialism? What does he say of Red Chinas conquest of Tibet and of the Red Chinese movement into Nepal, Sikkim and other Indian countries, or into North Vietnam and North Korea? About all this, he is silent.

What sort of a neutralist is this? How can he face the United States when he is incapable of a balanced truth? The world faces a war of extinction and this politician speaks of West Irian as though it really mattered to anyone. Shc^uld war come, neither Sukarno nor the whole or Indonesia whll be able to hold West Irian, nor, for that matter, will the Dutch. For the great tragedy of the oncoming conflict is that it will leave the weaker and smaller nations without power or purpose and perha^ with no place to seek refuge.

But this is Sukariu) program for the future:

What. then, is the way to (^ve burning present-day issues? Where the conflict of the old interest and the emerging fOr<;es has become very acut and explosive, we must, as a first step, accept the status quo.

As a second step, we must accept the principle of peaceful coexistence, not only in words but also in (ieeds. . .Do not befog the IsBues by standhig stubbornly by previously adopted positions in order to save face.* The aim must be to find an acceptable solution around the negotiating table, so as to save the world from extinction.*

Curiously, this turns out to be Khrushchevs program. Therefore Sukarno offers, as a neutralist, Khrushchevs solution cf tie German question as his, Sukarnos solution. These are his words:

Applied to Germany and West Berlin, these principles can,

I am sure, reduce the acute tensions of today. Formalize or legalize existing conditions; remove all possibility of a spread of hostilities; accept the difference in social outlook; avoid every single act which might provoke greater mistrust and suspicion; withdraw all interer ence from outside; let the Germans themselves decide their future destiny. Let them initiate talks in a seriou.*? endeavor to reach understanding. . . After all, the Germans are wise enough to know that international conflict over Germany would obliterate their entire national life, and re-arament will not save them from this fate.

So this mp-alist has reached the conclusion that might is right and that as Soviet Russia not only possesses but usee might, the world must go along with Khrushchev because whoever uses power is right. It is such men who are disturbmg the peace of the world.

p tne sccrttary-generai' unt xrom rags ^ I' r'll TV /T |""t | ^ 1 *

Strength For Today About The DuPont-GMC Tax Bill

By EABL L. D0U6LAM A REAL DIFFERENCE

There is a difsreDc between business and buty-ness. In business we get something accomplished. In bhsyness we run about in circles.

Some people waste their lives in a dither of ridiculous and Inconsequential busy-ness. The greatest business executive 1 ever knew never had a psper on his desk or in his desk drawers. He spent a great deal of his time In silent pondering. When a decision was needed he had one. He drew a large salary because he handled a big job well.

In contrast with this man I remember another who could always tell everybody how to do everything, who was busy from

morning until night but seemed never to achieve anything. The unsuccessful mans life was wasted in busy-ness. >

Certainly one of the great ls-sons life teaches us Is that we must have purpose. We must set up goals and attempt to reach them. Ws must accept Uie fact that His is a pilgrimage, a race, a battle, if we want to lie back on beds of ease. v7 wallthe world will reward us accordingly. But If we want to achieve succis, let us rtiUM that Deatlny (spelled wrlth a 13 > means busi

ness. We cannot trifle with Destiny. Jesus said, My heavenly father worketh unUl now, and 1 work.

Business or busy-ness there is a real and significant dlf* fereuca.

By ELMER ]R0E85NER Probably the least understood and the most misunderstood -bit of legislitlon before the present Congress is the bill to take some of the tax sting out of the divorce of E. I. du Pont da Nemours A Co. Inc., and General Motors Corp.

Lets try to make it citar. The Eiaenhower Admlnlsidra tlon succeeded in getting a 8u-prem Court order requiring du Pont to divest itself 63.000,000 shares of GM. The government succesMiiully contended that ownership of this stock was in restraint of trade since each company would be inclined to throw its business to the other.

11100 du Pont rasied the point that If it had to seU all that

?toek in even as few as ten eau-s. it would depress the market and it would get less than

it was worth.

COSTLY ALTERNATIVE The alternative was to distribute the GM shares to du Pont stockholders. But this would

Slve du Pont stockholders a divl-end on which they would pay income taxes. Furthermore, to meet the taxes on this dividend, most stockholdari would have to sell part of it at ence. which would depress GM stock.

Unloading GM stock on the open market would lower the market price of GM atccdt by $1 billion to $2 btlUon, Crawford Oreenawalt, du Pont president ssid recently.

This would not only hurt du Pont and tta etockhokSeim. but It would also hurt the thousandi of GM inveetors, all obviously Innocent of any combination to restrain trade.

RETURN OF CAPITAL

Under legislation pending in Congress, the distribution of GM stock to du P(Hit stockholders would be considered ss a return of capital, up to the amount the stockholders had invested.

Return of capital is tax free. And. under the proposed legislation, any amount to be taxed at capital gains rate. But this would be levied only when the GM stock was sd. TREASURY TO BENEFIT Under tbe proposed legislation, du Pont executives say. the Treasury would receive $30 million more, over a long term, than it woul(i under existing tax laws; GM and du Pont stocks would not be shaken m the market place, and the Mpanition of the two c(wporauoos could proceed quickly. i If you hold eitherIdu Pont or CM stock, you had best take

two steps: (1) discuss the effects on your holdings with your broker and (2) wire your Congressmen urging him to take steps * to look out for your interests.

CAR-POOLING DOESNT VOIL AUTO INSURANCE ...: ^ '

Many people believe that when a car is used in a pool, or used to take neighbors* ohlldrcn to school on a turn-and-turn arrangement, insurance does not apply.

the Insurance Information institute reports that sharing rides does not invalidate insurance, even though others pay a aliare of gas. tax and tolls.

Even if other members take turns driving a pool car, the insurance protection p^ta, the institute reports.