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Tuesday, September 19, 1961

Rtuuan Sinre-em-up-o-graph

.*

R Life-And-Death Struggle Looms

No man. is indespensible, and yet the sudden and untimely death of Dag Hammarskjold, secretary-general of the( United Nations, has dealt a severe blow to the United Nations and its effort for world peace.

Pew men in history have had the opportunity to play the role of peace-maker among peoples and .nations as did Dag Hammarskjold, Few indeed have played the role more effectively under more adverse circumstances than this man who has become the very symbol of joint efforts of nations around the globe to effect a lasting peace. ^ .......

In recent years the name of Hammarskjold became a household word, not only in the United States, but in countries throughout the world. He was not universally acclaimed for his efforts. Indeed, on more than one occasion he has been the subject of bitter attacks by those who would have subverted the peacemaking efforts of the United Nations.to their own selfish purposes. For the most part, however, the world ' looked to the leadership of Hammarskjold with hope and with confidence.

There can be no exageration of the severe crisis which the sudden death of Hammarskjold poses for the Unit(d Nations. In 1952 when the first secretary-general of the U.N., Trygve Lie resigned under attacks by the Soviets, it took many months of wrangling before Hammarskjold was named as his successor Now, in the face of serious international situations in the Congo and elsewhere, the U.N. again will be faced

S. Has- Los Half Its Battle

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP)P<^ 10 year* atrai^ht the United State*

was not only to keep Red China from getting a^U. N. seat but cren to prevent debate on whether abe was entitled to R.

Now the Unked State* ha* loet half tt* battle. In the U-N. seMckm opming today this country will vote for debate and then concentrate on trying to stall seathig of the Chinese Communist*.

The United States could line VP enough votes to block debate in previoufi year, but with increasingly narrow margins, when the United Nations was smaller.

American power to do this evaporated as more and more new African and Aslan nations joined the world organization, which now has 99 members48 more Uum the original 51 when It was created in 1945.

In that year there were only five big powers: the United

States, Great Britain, France, Russia and China. All were among the U.N. founding members. China then was run by Chiang Kai-sheks Nationalist government.

Chiang received enormous American help in trying to solve his postwar problems which multiplied as the Communists took over more of China.

He handled them so badly that by the summer of 1949 President Trumans administra^ tion washed its hands of the Chiang regime, called It a failure and said the Reds could take over at will.

The administration bluntly blamed Chiang and other Na-tiouallsi leader* for the disaster which reached a climax In December 1949, when the Reds drove Chiang and the remnants of hi* government off the maln-kod.

They fled to Pormoea,. 110 miles from shore, set up a government there, and tried to argue'"they were atUl th* government of tU China. This didnt Impress Truman.

In January 1950 the president reed ai a newa conference a etetement aeylng this country would not intervene to save Formoae frwn the Red Chinese, either wUh arms or military edvlce. He did any he would eootlnue economic aid.

Yet, within six months Chiang, who had lost all his importance for the United State*, suddenly baeame very Important through no doing of his own. With Bm begkmlng of the Korean War to June, 1950, the United

Statea decided to defend Formosa to. protect its flank in the Pacilic.

The United States has been tied to Chiang since. It seems safe to say that if there had been no Korean Warin which the Reds directly fought American and U.N. troopst h i s country would not have objected to;

(1) Letting the Chinese Com* munists take over Formosa and (2) letting them into the United Nations as the government of China instead of Chiangs government.

But there was the war. And today, after 12 years of being unable to gej closer to the mainland than his fortress on Formosa, Chiang still perpetuates the myth hes the rightful boss of all China.

As a result of the war, and some events afterward, this country has solid reasons for being sore at Red China. But some of the United States own friends think its resistance to a U. N. seat for Red China is on thin grounds.

For example: The United

States points to Red Chinas aggression in Korea. But by that reasoning, it can be argued, Russia should be thrown out for the way it march%d into Hungary to smash the 1956 uprising, and so should Brltaitt and Prance for their attack on Eg>T>t the same year.

Meanwhile, Red Chinas government, boss of 660 million people, is not in the United Nar tlons while Chaing, boss of only 10.5 million people on Por-' mosa, is not only in it but has a veto power equal to that of the United States. Britain. France and Russia.

But the problem of admitting Red China now faces so many tangle* that they will be a laymans nightmare, trying to understand them.

Since China is already a U.N. member although represented by Chlangs government^then the question of admitting Red China is not one of new membership but a question of which regime, the Reds or Chiangs should be allowed to represent China.

Thu country. R H sees Itself losing and Chiang about to be thrown out because the United Nations decides the Red Chnese should represent China, no doubt will then try to have Chiang admitted as a new member iwnwsenting Formosa.

All the U.N. wrangUiMT up to this time over the two Chinas will look simple compared with the maneuvering, dickering and halrsplitttog ahead.

with the Iiroblem of finding a new secretary general, or perhaps reorganizing its top echelon. Last year when the Soviets severely attacked Hammarskjold they proposed that the post of secretary-general be abolished. - Nl

The anticipated dispute which may arise as efforts are made to. determine Hammarskjold*s successor could .prove to be a life-and-dcath struggle for the United Nations itself.

9 *

Precautionary Action Taken Well In Advance

There is nothing pleasant about anticipating the arrival of a hurricane. Yet, while Esther churns up the Atlantic on a course that could bring her into the North Carolina coast or dangerously close to it, there* is some satisfaction in knowing that this section of the state is preparing for the worst.

Hurricane experiences of recent years have taught the people of easterii North Carolina some of the precautions which must be taken. The experiences have brought about a significant improvement in the state of readiness of civil defense organizations in the coastal area and at inland points also.

The people of this section of the state should find some consolation in the fact that while Esther was still far to the southeast the CD organizations of many communities were putting plans into operation to cope with emergencies should the "hurricane strike their areas. These precautionary measures have shown marked improvement in recent years in Eastern North Carolina, and they have contributed to reducing the loss of life and property when hurricanes have struck.

There is still time to take precautionary measures against the possibility this hurricane will brush this area; and certainly those who have not yet done so should not wait until the last minute. ,

By ALVIN TAYLOR

Counterpart To Stands Were All Lit Up Taleiah Dinner

By LYNN NISBET

VANCE - AYCOCK - TARHEEL^ The big money raising Demo-"^ cratic dinner scheduled to be held in Asheville on October 28 has been billed as a sort of western counterpart for the Jefferson-Jackson dinner held in Raleigh each spring. Indications are it is something more than that. It is more distinctly a North Carolina affair.

In the first place. It has been designated the Vance-Aycock dinner, honoring the names of the two governors who perhaps did more to make North Carolina the great State it is today than any others. Th^t contrasts with the Jefferson^ackfion designation of the big Raleigh dinner, honoring the Presidents who did more for the nation about what Vance and Aycock did for the state.

Another significant distinction is that the Asheville dinner was conceived and is being promoted enUrely by the North Carolina State Democratic party organization. Although the state organization has all along carried most of the load for organizing and operating the Jefferson-Jackson dinners, these affairs are primarily functions of the national committee. Selection of speakers and other important phases of the program have been up to the national committee members. And the major part of the profits for the dinner have been earmarked for the national campaign fund.

The Asheville dinner is on different basis. It is sponsored by the State organization, the program Is being arranged by the State committee, and profits will go Into the North Carolina Democratic party treasury. Ad

vance publicity predicts about 750 guests at $25 apiece, as compared with the usual 500-550 guests at $50 apiece at the Raleigh dinners.

ALL STA'TEWhile the Asheville dinner naturally will attract more people from the west. Just as the Raleigh-staged dinners attract more from the east, both events are statewide in scope. One of the reasons for setting up this western dinner was to strengthen the conceit of a unified all Democratic state.

PACTS OP LIFEThe newsmen were trying to box in Governor Sanford by questions obviously designed to embarrass him about the board of awards declining to purchase some whammies and about the resolution by the Probation commission setting up desired qualifications of a director of probation. The Governor declined to be embarrassed or peeved. He said he agreed with the probation commission that an experienced man is desirable, but when one cannot be found somebody else must be chosen. The man he wanted got the post.

There was a bit of humor in the discussion of the whammy case. The board of awards had declined to purchase the speed detector devices despite the fact the Legislature had appropriated money for the purpose. There's no need to get excited about It, said the Governor. The machines will be delivered just about as quickly as the manufacturers can get them ready. They (meaning the members of the board of awards) Just didnt understand the facts of life.

So football season is back with us. There was all the ooIm* and thnll of the big season here^ both Friday and Saturdi^ nights with Rose High and East Carolina College both playing at home this week.

For ECC it was the first game of the season and they opened to a near capacity crowd. At this game the stands lit im like a big blrthitoy cake!

No. it wauit necessary to call the fire department. The lighting up bit was all planned by the Pitt United Fund. As fans entered the stadium they were given books of matches with instructions to hold on to them until half time.

At that time the spectators were asked to light up a match for the United Fund. With the

floodlights doused, thousands of matches came to hie. It was truly' impressive as the matches flickered briefly. As I said, just like a big birthday cake.

the improvised wace.

One sees everything at a college football game. There were these three coeds who pulled up in a 53 Mercury beside two parked foreign ^rts cars, for instance.

The Bttle cars were taking up much too much room. So one coed, complete with high heels, jumped out. She threw one foreign car out dL gear and pushed it slowly forward. Then she threw the second car out of gear and rolled it backward.

Next she jumped back into the Mercury and neatly parked it in

Proud new fattier of a son, Dixie Greene, was sitting at the Saturday night game with his nephew, who also has a new baby sibling at his home.

As fathers will do, Dixie was bragging on his son.

I might be lucky so far, be said, but that boy goes to sle^ at night and doesnt wake m> until the next morning around 7 oclock.

His nephew was listening. Ill trade you, he interjected.

Other Editors Saying.., Hard To Crawl Out

Opinions In Brief

The D^y Reflector

INCORPORATED FnbMflhed Every Afternoon Except Sundty EfUbliflhed 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publtohtr

Birtered at Poft Offioa, OieanviU*. N. C., a* second class ma^ matter, m

#

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By OurrW (In Towns) Wook SOc

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week SSc

BY MAIL, Payable In Advanee

OreanvUls Post Olflo*. Pitt Ooanty, RobersonvUl*, Vancetnre Washtogttm and Chooowtotty

Due* Month* ........ I Mt

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On* Ywr ................................... isno

Ifoitb Oaroltoa (other than Usted ahora)

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MBMBCB ASBOCUYED PRE88 Tba AaKMtfated Praat la excituively anutted to uit ten* pohlioatlof) all oaoi cmdlted to tt or not ottiaransa ereditcd to thu

papar and alee tlia kxU oawi published hereto All rigbte ct of apadal dlspatcbc* here ara alao reservad.

NATIONAL ADVEBTMINO ftEPBBBeNTATIVBS momas F Clark Co., inc., New York. Chicago Atlanta Membai Audit Bureau of Clrcutatloo

AU advartlaiof oopy must he received at least one day iwtora oubilratioo data

'Tt seems to us that the campaign for physical fitness laces two problems . . . how to get bigger muscles, and what to do with them after you get them. Jacksonville tFla.) Times-Union.

we are going to end the cold war.Sen. Barry Ooldwater.

Arms are of little avail abroad unless there is good counsel at home.Cicero.

President Sukarnos visit to the United States to state the Belgrade Conference position on the East-West crisis has borne out what a lot of Congressmen and Senators have said for a long time. That is that ive cannot depend on the 24 non-aligned nations to stand with the United States Irf any conflict with Ruiftia.Benator 8am Ervin.

We should be taylng to other nations that w are going to win the cold war rather than

The editor who rejects a report on a particularly offensive murder may well be the type of editor whod suppress a story on the malfeasance of political friends; the publisher who would bar stories on racial strife could as callously close his pages to critics of flourlda-tion. The finished product appear* at times to deal over-heavUy in aex, violence and global woe; but the finished product is merely a partial record of actual events Involving human beings. Asheville Citizen.

(Raleigh Times)

East Carolina Ckillege, which has just been blessed with membership in the National Collegiate Athletic Association, plans an expansion in the field of athletics that will pwirallel the schools growth academically and physically.

That would seem to be a long way of saying that ECC hopes to go in for big-time intercollegiate athletics. And that would seem to make it entirely appropriate to wonder out loud if ECC would be smart to do that.

East Carolina has grown by leaps and bounds since World War II. It now has 5.500 students, which puts it right along with Duke in enrollment, gnd not too far behind Carolina and State. Its growth has been respectable as well as spectacular, and its graduates have com-' manded more and more respect in the business aiul educational world.

It has grown in the hearts,of the people of Eastern North Carolina in a way hard to imagine. For a Wide area, it is THE educational institution, and has that stature among graduates of other and larger institutions who live in that section.

Its growth has been rapid, but those in charge have seen to it tlt the growth has been fiokd, too. 'Inat growth, It should be noted, has been accomplished without a really big-time Interoollegiate program, though it ahould be noted also that East Carolina baseball team

did win national honors.

But in the relatively modest nature of its present intercollegiate sports program, Elast Carolina has not run into the very real headaches which have plagued the heads of some other institutions, notably State and C^olina. Those men have found out the hard way just how hard It can be to keep such a big-time program within even relatively big boundaries.

These man have found out that a really big-time athletic program is something like having a real live bear by the tail: There is no practical way to let go.

It is not hard to imagine that ECC officials would get ttos sort of advice from some leading educators now iMirticipating in really big-time athletics; Don't jump into that type program. The jumping in is easy, but the crawling out is hard if n<^ impossible.

There is one other angle to be considered. The new* atory telling of ECCi athletic ambitions included this sentence: There# ane plans for a new stadium, field house and track. The story didnt say where the money would come from, but presisnably the taxpayer would be asked to furnish it.

The taxpayer is going to have his hands too full for the foreseeable future iMwiding college classrooms, college dormitorie* college laboratorie*. etc., to be asked to provide a new stadium and a new field bouse.

.deals

ro Be

YOUR NATIONAL GUARD

Jack Whichard, the Reflectors business manager, says hes observed a lot of one-armed driv-ing among dating couptes lately.

On first impulse. Jack says be would advise the young men to use .both hands while driving with their dates.

On second thought they coul^t do that, he continues. They wouldnt be able to drive

the car.

Quote.,.

The latest class of xmde^ privileged children includes those whose partits have two cars but no speedboats.Dawson County (Ga.) News.

in foreign policy i tough tongue and a strrang hand are as necessary as a warm heart and a fat pocketbook.^Tallahassee (Fla.) Democrat

Note to politicians: One of the nations greatest resources that is being used too rapidly is the American taxpayer. Greenville (S.C.) Piedmont,

UP-TO-THE-MINUTE MEN DEFENDING AMERICA

By GEORGE E. SOltOLSKY Copyright. 1061, King Features

Syndicate, Inc.

These days one bears much about Conservatlin that aountis strange to the ears of an old Cooagrvative. Just as a (Conservative would not sutnnit to the authoritarianism of the Cknnmu-nists, so be will not submit to the pressures of any particular group of Conservatives who d^ . mand monolithic principles.

Senator Iterry Byrd of Virginia, a otmsistent Conservative, each year holds a picnic in his apple orchard at Berryville, Virginia. On that occasion, he usually delivers an address. This years address was devoted to his concept of pditical Conservatism.

It seems as though Senator Joseph Clark of Pennsylvania, a Liberal, has said that Senator Byrd should be purged as Qmir-man of th Senate Finamie Com-? mittee because the Virginian would not support the platform written by Cfhester Bowles and adopted by the Democratic Con-ventlwi.

Senator Byrd replied to this: In reply I stated publicly that I was unalterably opposed to nearly everything in the platform; that I Intended to fight everything inimical to the best inter es)(| of this Ooubtry, in or out of the platfomi and that I challenged him to take his fight to the Senate floor.

"I said, as a member of the Senate, my first allegiance was to the people of Virginia, and I recognized no outside control over my vote. 'ITie Virginia de,legation to the Convention oPiwecd the platform.

This is a c<MTect position. The Constitution holds that each state diould be represented in the Senate by two Senators. A Senator therefore represents his state and is obligated to the people of his state. Such liberals as Senators Clark and Javlts do not iegard themselv^ as repre-senj^ve* of their states but as national officials which they are not undw our system of government. It is difficult for the liberals to fit themselves into our oonstitvttkmal -system because they beMeve that not the- rule of law should prevail but the rule of reason. The question then arises; Whose reason?

Senator Clark took the issue to the Senate floor and hq got one votehis own.

In these days of political opportunism and oodifiision, it Is satisfying to read a defense of the American system of government without any apol<^ for it and without any attempt to discover a new system (rf^'law and Mfe. This nation is constitutionally a oonfederation of sovereign states. The trend in recent years has been to forget the Federal-isttc characteristic of our political system and to assume that the government in Washington possesses inherait rights, it does n<A. It possesses delegated and designated authorities. <obligation and limitations, carefully stipulated in the Ctonstitution and in the amendments thereto.

Senator Byrd defines Conservatism as follows:

Conservatism ... means to accept responsibility for preserving and protecting our basic principles and institutions while exercising the privilege of using and developing them.

What are these basic panel-pies? There are others, but foremost I list States Rights, and the independence of the three separate but coordinate ^branches of government. This combination provlctes the check and the balance to insure against con-oentratioai of power which, by experience, we have learned to fear.

These, and others, are the principles on which we achieved our liberty and our freedom for the pursuit of happiness. They are ttie bee of our greatness. It would be interesting to see tite stetement of American idealism contested. This is no coDcluBion of a reactionary who fails to reoogida the need for human progress or the value of orderly process of law. Reactionaries are not Conserva tlves, because they exclude de-vriopment and growth from their Icgram. They desire what once was to be eternal. Senator Byrd makes the distinction: Virginians are not reactionaries. We do not turn back the hands of the dock. We do not necessarily defend the status quo. But neither do we assume that ehange is necessarily progress. We want prepress, but we want sound progress.

This is the wisdom of the ex-pwienced idealist. The conservar (Continued xrotn Page ft) ,

Some Gains Against Inflation

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS WHY THIS INEQUALITY?

What is poverty?

Youre asking me? someone replies, Poverty Is what I have to' endure. It* trying to make a weekly wage feed my family and pay th rent. It trying to stretch a salary check further than It can be stretched. It's waik^ while others ride. It's staying home while others go about their pleasant entertainment. Its having the mortgage foredosed on the house. Yet, poverty involves all these and dre adiul Indeed is It*

things

burden

. There 1 no justiiUxttiOD nor common sense In the fact that iiiost of the worlds good* are in the hands of comparatively few people. To say this is not communism nor soclallam in any formi. Its only a recog

nition of the fact that although ability and lack of itt>Uity are powerfid factors in the matter of the distribution of human benefits, nevertheless the fact that they are so unevenly distributed is both an Injustice and a matter bitterly and continually to be regarded.

But real poverty is not poverty of pocketbook but poverty of soul. Itome people never read anything or use their heads from one year's end to an<tther. These people are mentally poor. Others have no reL^iw faith. Theee are spirltualy poor.

Slums and bankniptcy and straightened circinnstancea fill the lives of multitudes with sorrow But even beyond Uha sorrow is the sorrow because of minds without ideas and the souls without faith or hope.

By ELMER ROEBSNER

Working families aremaking at least some headway against living costs now that the nations eccxiomy has pretty well emerged frcnn the recrat recession.

A comparison of living costs and average earnings in 20 cities, by Kate Papert, a New York City consultant and former New York State Labor Department official, found that in most of the cities, average factory wages increased more than the cost of living between October 1959 and May 1961.

In that period, Miss Papert found, jhe weekly coet of the BLS budget for a city workers family of four Increased In cost approximately from 63 cents (in Houidon) to te.M in Boston. or an average of $1.84 for the 20 cities.

PAY UP AS MUCH AS $

In comparison, average weekr ly wages in moei of the 20 cities went up from 74 cents (Kansas City, Mo.) to as much as $9.M

in booming Houston. Tex.

In two cities, average wages actually wsnt down-43 eents in Atlanta, $1.29 to long-depressed Scranton, Pa.

Bui to five eiUes the tocrease waa $8-$e. These Included San Franolsoo, Houston, Ptttsburgh, Baltknors and Seattle. More typically, to ten eltlea the increase ranged from $3 to $5.

This dotent mean that average wages have caught up yet to the cost of the modest but adequate budget worked out by BLS experts. Miss Pipsrt pctoited ou$. She found the av^ age wage to the 20 cities is $09.9$. compsred to an average cost of the family budget of $118.84. The family itself la assumed to Include a father, housewife, boy ct 13 and girl of 8.

In fact, to only two cities Houston and Detroitdoes th* average weekly wage match or exceed the budget cost to those clttee. In Houston, a family can buy this moderate* standard of living lor approximately $104.

while the average weekly wage there It about $110. In Detroit, the budget coats $118, compared to an average wage of $119.62. MORE SPENDING POWER But while wage* still trail th* toidget, the txrogress shown this past year wiU be encouraging news to merchants ami other local business men. Many working families now have a little more "dlscretloiiary money to spend than even to 1959 before the onalaught ot the last recession. This ftoanclal progress should help postpMie the next reeessi(i a bit.

Another toteresting fact gleaned from Miss Papert'* calculations Is that the dlaparity to wages in different areas Is much 'greater than the dispanty to Uving coets. The cost of the budget vaiiss from Houstons $104 a week to $127.70 to Seattle (which has displaced dUca* go as the moat expensive city.) But wages range all the way from $06.96 ill Scranluo lb $119.62 to Detroit. ^

Nor do high local wages nec-

essarliy mean high local living costs, as many people tend to believe. Living costa to aqqh relaUvely high-wage towns as Cleveland and Detroit are only about average.

Conversely, the lower wages in the South dont necessarily mean proportionately low living costs. Miss Papert concluded. AUanta, for example, shows a weekly budget cost of approximately $110 compared to an average wage of $83.

rr WAS GOOD idea

BUT DOESNT WORK

An unnamed orgahlsation has been denied tax exemptton by the Intemal Revenue Service. It operates a restaurant, bar and iclub rooms, and conducts a weakly lottery and the profits are devoted to charity. But. the IRS found, moat of the lottery profita was used to pay general expenses, relievtog the members of a Miare the expenMS. So tocme tax exempt!^ given nonprofit welfare crgaaiaattons wu denied.