Thursday, September 14, ISdI

To Find if

^ The beginning of East-West talks on the Berlin ituation at .a sub-summit level appears a reasonable way to determine whether there is reason to believe there is a basis for negotiations between the Western Powers and the Soviet Union to resolve the Berlin and German crisis.

President Kennedy^s suggestions that Secretary of State Dean Rusk and Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko open serious talks on the matters early next week in New York. Both the top foreign policy officials will be attending the U.N. General Assembly Fall session which opens in New York Tesday.

On the basis of statements by Soviet Premier Khrushchev that the Soviet Union is willing only,to discuss a separate peace treaty with East Germany and the removal of Western troops from Berlin, there appeals little ground for negotiations. Both these ideas have been firmly and repeatedly rejected by the United Stetes and the other Western Powers. Preliminary talks by the top foreign policy officials of the United States and the Soviet Union as proposed by President Kennedy might indicate whether there is reason to believe constructive process could be made through negotiations at the summit level.

Ona Resignation !h Recent Years

If You Ca Beat Him, Willy

By LYNN N18BET NOT SO RARE A political olumn appearing in a number of weekly newpap^ tlarough-out the state opened with the sentence the other day. "One of the few N. Carolinians (Wll-B. Umstead did it) to voluntarily reaign from Ckmgrcss Is one Woodrow Wilson of Ruth-eriordton. N.C."

Truth of the matter Is. only one member of the Congress from Nrth Carolina has "re-algi^d in recent years. That was Lindsay yia,rren, who resigned his first district seat in xnid-term in 1940 to accept appointment as head of the General CwitroUing Office, His secretary, Herbert Bonner, was sminated^d elected to fill out red termand has been re-^ectcd ever since-There V significant distinction bctwe^ resigning" and not offering forN;^lection. At least one Senator \nd ten Representatives in th^ Congress have voluntarily stepped down at end of terms since 1920.

QUITTERB (?)-Clyde R. Ho-ey, elected from the old ninth district in 1918 decided one term was enough for him. He did not seek re-election in 1920but went later to become Governor and U.S. SMiaUsr.

Three Rem'esentailves stepped down in 1938.'Frank W. Hancock of the fifth (Ustilct elected to challenge Robert R. "Our Bob Reynolds for the seat In the U.S. Senate. The gamUe didn't pay ott.

wmiam Umstead of the sixth district decided after three terms in Congress he would return to the private practice of law at Durham. The private idea didnt last long. Umstead became State Democratic chairman, Uited States Senator and Governor. He died Just short of the halfway post in his administration as Governor.

Walter Lambeth of the eight district did not run for re-elect-in 1938 because he had been promised a long desired appointment as ambassador to a mid-European eountry. He chose Austria. But b^ore the arrangements could be oonsummated the mad-man Hitler had gone on rampageand there wasnt any Austria left.

Next in chronologic ordr was retirement of Rep. Sam Ervin of the 10th district In 1946. He had been chosen in a special election to fill out the term of his brother, Joe. who died in office. He accepted that assignment as a sort of public and family duty, and felt he wanted no more of it. Subsequently Sam Ervin was named a Kiperior court judge, was appointed and elected to the Supreme Court and the United States Senate

and is a candidate for re-election to the Senate next year with no really serious oi^xisltion in sight.

Next In order came retirement of J. Bayard Clark, representative of the seventh distiiet, in 1948. Health was a prime consideration.

HISTORIC Then in 1952 came the historic decision of veteran Robert L. DoughUm to lay down the tools of his office as representative of the ninth North Carolina district and chairman of the ways and means committee in the House of Representativesthe most powerful legislative committee In the world. During his more than 40 years In Congress many men had cherished ambition to succeed himbut none was ever willing to put his ambitions to the final test of a vote.

Came 1956 and Woodrow Jones after three and a fraction terms )n Congress, decided he would rather spend his time in North Carolina with his near-bout grown boys and his proven friends. He did not resign and he did not quit during the time for which he had been elected. He Just decided not to run again.

BIO LOSS Last year Graham A, Barden of the third district and Carl T. Durham of the sixth, etch a veteran of more than 20 years, (Jeclded to call it a day and step down from ctmgresslonal service. That represented distinct loss to North Carolina and the South in committee prestige, Barden on education, labor and welfare and Durham on atomic energy and defense asaignmenis had given a sense of security to the southern people. '

SENATORS No U. S. Senator from North Carolina has resigned wHhln memory of most living persons, and the only instance of a Senator not seeking re-dcctlon was In 1944 when Sen. Robert R. Reynolds, after two full terms, decided not to run again and Clyde Hoey got the Democratic nomination be default.

It Is Interesting to note that for the approximate 30 years from 1901 to 1931 North Caro-Una bad <mly two Senators Furnifold M, Simmons from the east ah4,Lee S. Overman from the west. Since 1930 we have had nine Senators from the east, acquired by heritage, appointment or election Simmons, J. W. Bailey, WilUam B. Um-itead, J. M. Broughton, Prank Graham. WUlis Smith, Alton Lennon, Kerr Scott and Everett Jordan.

Por the western seat in that same time we have had Overman, Cameron Morrison, Robert R. Reynolds. Clyde R. Hoey and Sam J. Ervin, Jr.

progress cati be made by Rusk and Gwmirko toward finding a reasonable basis for negotiations on the Berlin and German questions, it would obviously open the door for more exhaustive and more formal negotiations in an effort to resolve the crisis which is causing grave concern throughout the world. If, on the other hand, no progress can be made in the talks by the top foreign policy officials of the United States and the Soviet Union, there is little reason to believe a summit conference on the same questions would bring tangible results toward easing international tension.

So far there has appeared no basis for reasonable negotiations on the questions. Unless and until it appears that a basis for these negotiations can be arrived at by the Soviet Union and the Western Powers, there is .little logic in bringing together the heads of state for discussion of the matters.

Few Can Wait Another 2 Years Before Acting

If theexperts have read the proper interpretation into recent State action concerning federal aid to public schools, it means that for at least two years there will be no further serious consideration of the far-reaching aid to education program President Kennedy has proposed. ^

By extending for two yearsrather than one as the President urgently requestedthe federal programs for aiding schools crowded with children of federal workers, and scholarship grants and loans of equipment the Senate has closed the door on the much broader program which was considered one of the key programs advocated by President Kennedy.

For the individual states and their local governments which have been delaying school construction programs until some definite action on the federal program was taken, this seems to provide the answer. If new schools are to be constructed within the-next two years, the funds must come from state or local sources. They will not be forthcoming from federal sources except in the special situation cited above.

There are few states and indeed few communities which will be able to delay for another two years the addition of classrooms if their schools are to keep pace with the growing number of students. In many areas the delays brought about by waiting to see what the "other fellow" was going to do already have created serious classroom problems. There is no alternative now but to move ahead with the' local programs.

.And if local and state governments move ahead in meeting their own school needs during the coming two years, the situation a couple of years from now will show more conclusively the wisdom of leaving the matter of financing public education to local and state governments.

The Daily Reflector

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By HENRY HOWARD

Kind Of Crowded, There

1 rouDies His First Day

In Clerk of Court Dave House's office on Courthouse Square yesterday was, for at least a few minutes, probably one^ of the busiest scenes in Greenville.

Perhaps It was one of the busiest in the whole county, except maybe for first construction on VGAs many, many steel towers or maybe the tobacco market or something like that.

Anyway, the pace was pretty much fast and furious for a brief spell. The reason for It all was that Brother Dave was eyeing a likely spot to place another desk.

Anybody whos familiar with the clerks present setup is also quite familiar with the necessarily-crowded furniture arrangement in there. What happened was that our clerkwho, like the rest of us, Is only fiman could scarcely detect a reasonable

spot quite large enough for another desk.

In the midst of his dilemma, however, the clerk was rescued. As wr\all know, though, this is not Inusual. Anytime anybody comeff up with a problem, showers of advice are Just about a dime a doaen.

In Brother Daves case, his advisors took over. He let them and jtook his leave so he could think the whole thing out . . . in peace and quiet.

With his leaving, furniture began to shuffle. Advice and suggestions were anything but scarce. Assistant Clerk H. L. Lewis, Attorney Bill Watson and yours truly strained a few rather vmconditloned back muscles slightly in skidding the heavy desks around to form several various arrangements.

N(Xie seemed to work out Just

right. More study would have to be Involved before another desk could be squeezed in. But then, with a degree of mild exasperation, H. L. says we ought to move them one mc^ time.

We did. Then Billwhos famous around the clerks office tnd others for his sense of humordeclared: Now thats

pretty. Real neat. It looks real good that way."

Naturally, Bill was Just exercising his yen for humor again. H. L. answered: "Yeah. Thats the way it was before all this started."

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) President Kennedy has hsd to live with trouble from the day he took office. He has had some successes, suffered some major Jolts and much of the time has been on the defensive/

After almost eight months, although he has remained outwardly calm through It all, the central question of his presidency^ is would he have done better 'if he had tried to assert more leadership?

Abroad, his main dilemma is *Premier Khrushchev who from the beginning threatened a .showdown on Berlin and has never stopped Jabbing him. The great bulk of Kennedys actions have been simply reacticwis to Khrushchevs actions.

At home, from the Rart. concern about unemployment has hovered over him from the day he took office. Then it was 5,400,000. Now it is 4.542,000. This is still an unsolved problem.

His major domestic task has been dealing with Congress.

Pear tliat a combination of conservauves in both parties is Congress could flatten him and his programs pushed him into compromises, some of them perhaps unneceeeary.

With Congress his lt of accomplishments Is impressive. So is his list of setbacks.

Here'are programt he wanted and got from CoogreMt

Housing, increased minimum wage, aid to depressed areas, liberalized aoelal security, be-gituiing ot a kmg-term Latin American aid program, a start toward effective civil defense, creation of 78 federal Judgeships. an Increase in manpower and materials for the armed forces.

Congress chopped to iHeoes his Ideas on fsdsral aid to ed-ocatlon. brushed aside the crux gf his farm program, disregarded his plea for medical care for the aged, set aside his tax reform suggsetlona until next

year, and, while approving a long-term foreign aid program, rejected his plan for borrowing money for itone of his cardinal points in this field.

He and his Democratic leaders in Congress, particularly in the House, have been criticized for plain ineptitude in handling the education program. He gave up on one item altogether.

This was his 1960 campaign promise to push a clv rights program through Ck)ngress early in 1961. He not only didnt push such a program. He didnt even offer it.

In dealing with this very conservative Congress he knew from the beginning he faced serious trouble, perhaps defeat, on civil rights, medical care for the aged, school aid.

1. He could try to dicker and compromise item by item with hla opponents, like any politician in Congress.

2. Through far more forceful leadership be could seek to over come the oppoeltionr-by direct appeal to the people over the heads of Congressto try to bring public preesure, in addition to his own, on senators and representatives.

He choee to dicker and compromise, a method familiar to anyone who, like himself, had several In Congress. Except on national defense, he made no direct appeal for popular support.

Quote...

Pessimist; A person who feels bsd when be feels good for fesr he wUl feel worse when he feels better."Pleming iKy.) Ossette.

Other Editors Saying... Teaching About Enemy

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

It has been only during the past few years that public opinion would permit something that should-have been in effect for years: the teaching of a course in our public high schools on world c(Mnmunism, what it is and how it works. Until recently the climate of the times was against suoh iMtruction. In fact it was less than four years ago that the American Legion reversed its ancient policy against teaching, anything about communism in public schools.

That was the attitude prevar lent among most people. Why this was so has never been clear. It has always been believed among astute military leaders, such as the currently-beleagured Gen. Edwin Walkw, that one can defeat an enemy easier if one knows him. Gen. Walker believed this; he was ar-dently anti-Communist. He tried to teach its dangers to his men. For his efforts he is being railroaded.

The climate has changedat least among the civilian leaders. The Legion Is working with the National EduoRtion Association on a proposed program of study about communism' which may be offered to the public schools as a model course. There still are hard pockets ot resistance to the idea. These people who oppose the teaching of a Communist course do not have the ability to see the differenct between teaching ABOUT com-munijm and teacMng to SELL communlam.

A surprisingly large percentage of school superintendents queried In a survey believed a Communist ecurse should not be taught In public schools. But the

tide is tirnlng. In Dallas a new course called "The Principles of American Freedom in Ontrast to The Tyranny of Communism has been incorporated into the American history curriculum.

This citrast of ideologies is the goal of the course in communism. It gives American pu-pUs an idea as to what communism is, what to look for in the way of its perils and its wiles. Too many Americans today Just dont know what communism and Marxism are. Too few even know what socialism is and that particulir disease is just as deadly as communism. It is the poison now seeping so slowly and Insiduously into American government at virtually every level.

Under a new law, all Florida high schools must by 1962, teach a 30-hour course in "Americanism versus Communism." Such courses will do more than anything else to mold young minds in the precepts of democracy and to letxn to be wary of communism and its filtrating tactics. To know an enemy is to defeat him. Communism has for years made easy Inroads in many civic, social and governmental organizations merely because American citizens were too Ignorant of what constitutes communism.

Delegates to this years meeting of the National Congress of Parents and Teachers were polled on the subject. The response was overwhelmingly in favor of instruction against communism. Actually there should be no room for debate. Either our children learn about their deadliest foe out ever knowing what happened.

Yup. Its still crowded over there. Also yesterday, down at the other end of the hall from the clerks office, more activity was going on.

Passersby kept asking: What in the world Is that monstrosity down there?" .poinUng west down the hall toward Auditor Reg. Grays office.

There It was. A great, 10-foot-ttll object casting a shadow throughout the wide corridors length was obviously something new (???, anyway It was definitely not a part of the normal hall decor). And It cast that shadow in spi^* of the fact It was'turned sideways!^

It was the auditors project. His storage space had been utterly depleted, he said, and the huge (tall, wide and thick) bookshelf-cabinet-looking thing was carted up from the courthouse cellar. (We stiU wonder Just who did the carting. But ws dont wonder about it hard enough to have any urge to come face-- to-face with such a force.)

In spite of the near-ogrish impression it apparently conveyed, it was being soothed somewhat. Since it was to become a part of the regular courthouse furniture, it was getting a complete and shiny new coat of deck paint. i

Opinions In Brief

A ZOO U where animals look through the fence at some very strange creaturea.WU Street Journal.

Human nature Is hardly enough to explain the squabbles that center around religin." Hertford County Herald.

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKT

Ck)pyright. 1961, King Features Syndicate. Inc.

It Is difficult to explain why crime increases in the United States. Year alter year, J. Edgar Hoover, FBI Director, reports the increase, particularly among young people. The first six months of 1961 showed an increase (rf seven percent over the same period in 1960. Although there is a reduction in rape cases, there has been an increase in all other crimes.

It hardly matters if the rate of increase is not as great in one year as it is in another. The fact that there has been an increase at all Is indk^ve of a failure erf preventive police work.

Does increased crime have any relationship to increased poverty? There is no evldeiwe that crime increases in bad years. As a matter of fact, crime has been steadily increasing in the Unl^ States, regardless of booms. New York City is an ex-ami^ of increased crime despite the fact that there Are no d^ljreeaed conditions in this city. For Instance during the first eix nwrnths <rf 1960, there Were 18,147 burglaries in New York; dining the same period in 1961 the same crimes numbered 18.-726. Similarly, larcenies $50 and over amount^ to 25,443 in the , 1960 period but Increased to 27,-S26 In 1961. Other cities, psulicu-larly such Iw^e ones as Los Angeles. showed a marked in-creaee.

The question arises as to why tiiese Increases occur. Today, young people have more oppor-tunttks for decent organized communal relationships than they had, for Instance. In my youth. Boys CHub, Boy Scout groupe, social settlements are available for them now. In many cities, the police have organized PAL groups which give boys an adequate outlet for their activities. .Churches have all sorts of youth groups and youth activities play areas are attached to schools.

What is the esaential problem?

Is it perhaps thst we keep certain children in schools beyond their csiiaetty for organized leamiog? Does boredom force them to break out into adventures whtob have criminal ac-tivlttes? Uniees a young person te fritererted in French irregular verbe and biologic drawings, what Is he doing in such classes?

The theory la that a aet cur-rieuhim dlsclplinee the mind and the character. But is not such a discipline offset by the frightful boredom of doing what has no interest and no purpose for them? Parents say that all ohildrrti must go to lih school or even to oolite. Personnel managers wUl not even lo(^ at an astohcaitt uniese he can pr(K duce some kind of dlpVnna. So what becomes of the bright faat-mlnde4 young fellow who camwt discover the difference between X and Y and who wonders who cares?

He lMU5 no intention of building an atom bomb or dlscover-iag the siKMteet route to the moon. AH he wants out of life is a decent Job, a nice wife, a couple of kids and a glass of beer to go with the hamburgers. He does not want to be a politician of any kind; he does not even want to be President of the United States. There are such peoplemillions of them. They ask little of life and they wonder why anybody wants to force them to know the difference between Aristotle and Plato,

In fact, I received a letter recent fr(wn a university graduate who takes me to task for using words which he does not understand (^kmaries are ii^xpen-sire) and who complains about references to persona about whom he never hears, such as Isidore of Seville whom he suspects of being a Jew (an encyclopedia Is not too expensive.) He would prefer me to be as ignorant as he is, although we both, he says, studied at the same university.

Ignorance may be a virtue In what is caUed a democracy but It is not essential. It used to be that a man whose trousers were properly crMused oould not be elected to public office because he was a dude. To be a real man. a politician iM-d to stink of foul tobacco, rotting whiskey, unwaj^^ teeth he mielled like a man. Then along came Llstartoe. Lavoris ahd sbnilat in-stttutKxtf which made the stink unpopular.* Even his best friend would not tell him. but his wife (Ud and he changed his (Oonttaweil on page five)

A neurotic is one who builds castles in the sir, a psfchotic la one who lives In thtcn, and a psychiatrist is <me who collects the rent."Dallas ('Wa.) Anchor News.

Stranae And Wonderful World

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS NATURE OF THE CHURCH..

The Greek word for "church" used in the New Testament is ekklesia," Prom this word we get the English words ecclesiastic" and "eccksiasUcal."

The word ekklesia meeos that which is called out." Id the Greek city world it meant the group separated to administer. The church is a group of people called outor separated from the world. This does not mean that they are to be queer, lugubrious, contentious. It simply means that they regard the klngdcsn of/God as having cer-terain moral requtrements to which they are willing to oom form and that these moral requirements are different and su-perlcH* to the moral requtrements of the world-

Church members, when they are membere of Christ indeed in the beet sense <rf the term, are people who have taken their stand apart from the materialistic and compi^lsinff Ideals of the world an^have dedicated their lives to Christ. This does not mean that the Chrtstiafi must remove himself from the feUowsWp of noo-Chrlitlans. The Clristian at Ms beet is the cheerful friend of everybody. But he has standards to wfilch ha adhMW. There are things In the world which be calls wrong and which be will have nothing to do. Let the world go Its way-ha will fo his. He la the called outaeparatedperson. . He belongs to the ^kleaia (the churchthose who Uve under the directions of a higher and better Power.

By ELMER ROE88NER Buslaess is a wonderland of trangt tnd amazing things. A Japaaeae bank, for example, give* barber ahopa calendars printed in reverse so that cua-tomers can read them in the mirror. . ,A new trading stamp plan Includes moirfhly auctions, where stamp colieotora can bid vsrious numbtnrs of books for auctioned merohaadise.*. . Electric toothbrushes are being Introduced In the $64 milUon-a-year toothbrush market.

The world is using less pepper. the United Natlens reperit.

The PMllpphtoi Axe about to export a haad-mada cigar seu-ing for a dlmt In the United StaSci. . .A new magaztne. Nevadanma. la oflarlng a silver mis aa a priae in a contest optn oMy to advertlalng men .. .A gigantic supermarket chain Is about to set up non-food discount stores.

BOCn CHALLENGED Four new Amtrtoan-typc automatic bowjUng centers arc being built in Italy. . i>aily news

paper advertising revenue last year was greater than that of televiston. radio, magaainea and outdoor advertising combined. . . A patent has been granted for a -fiah pde handle that keeps warm through eombuiton of Uq-uid fuel.

U Is mm Illegal la New MexL ee to advertlee "oaly one to a enatofner."

A Norwegian company makes imitation wounds out of plastic. They look. Uka buma, cut$, gunshot wounds, fractures, etc., and are fastened to the skin with a special adhesive. They, are for use in first aid training and are reuscable.

SIGN LAW HELD INVALID

To curb gas wars, Utah limited price signs to 12 inches in height and specified they be used only on pumps. A district court held the law invalid because it la "unlawful lnterfi>-ence with the right to adver- ^ tise." . . . The world sunflower crop In 1960 was 25 percent larger than In 1959. , .Some government statistics now cov

er "conterminous United States." which leaves, out Alaska and Hawaii.

Yai Chaeii Yuea of Hong Koag has paieatod a pap bottle from which a plastic "straw" rises when opeaed.

Yale traffic engineen now head traffic departmenta In.half the U. S. cities with mors than

100.000 population . . . New York's only Ghlnese language billboard advertises a New Jersey tiotting track. , .Eastern Life Insurance Co.. values one executive at $2 mlUlon. It took out a policy that size on his life. FEMININE AUTO

A car has been especially designed for women la Japan. It oomes In pestel pink sAd lemon cream and has a dreeelng room instead of a rear etat. Rs $2,200 . . .On June 80 ttMrt were 47.-

800.000 tbeep la New Zealand, an all-time high. . .World trade in banihM was 178.359.-000 stems. a new high. . .One tire company le using aids to denounce cheaper tires that sell for lees than 50 cents a pound.

"whtoh le about the price yon have to pay for hamburger."

One out of every 18 rental bousing unite is vacant. Census reports.

Winter herring fishing off Norways west coast Is neerlng the end of a cycle that may be followed by an absence of the fish fm* 10 to 20 years. Norwegian experts say. . JPresh and frozen horsemeat can now enter the U. S. duty free.... The U. 8. corn crop would be 650 milH<m bushels bigger If It were not for the government control program, says Agriculture Secretary Freeman.

SIX STATES PERMIT ,|

LONGER TRUCKS

Bigger payload per truck wiH move over highways to six tatei as a oonsequenoa el new legislation. Commerce Clearing House reports. CallfOmia, Wyoming. Kanaes, South Dakota. Florida and Maine tnereased length limits, the first two to 65 feet.