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Monday, Septeinbier 11, 1961 . . -

U. s. Is, Offered Only Capitulation

Go Ahead and Set It Off?

What i* to be accomplished in a new summit con-Terehce between president Kennedy and Premi^ Khrushchev if the latter is willinfir only to discuss his previous proposals that tht United States join the Soviet Union in signing a peace treaty whicK will permanently divide Germany? ^ , . . , -

The Soviet Premier has asserted he is ready pr : * new summit conference for the purpose of concluding ' a peace treaty with Germany. From his statement, it is apparent that the Soviet leader is willing to enter new negotiations at the top level only on his own terms and only with his predetermined conclusions the basis for a settlement. In short, he is willing to negotiate only if the United States is ready to acppt the Soviet proposals that have previously been rejected.

A conference on such a basis could not be considered a meeting for negotiations. Unless and until the Soviet Union is willing and ready to genuinely negotiate in good faith on the major international problems, there appears little to be gained from a new summit meeting. On the basis which Premier Khrushchev has set forth for a new summit meeting^ there appears little hope that it would be any more than another forum for Soviet propaganda.

The United States and its allies have said clearly and repeatedly that they are not interested in signing

a separate peace treaty with East Germany. They have repeatedly pointed to the earlier agreement of the Allied nationswhich included the Soviet Union tht Germany should be reunited and that the German people should be allowed through free elections to determine their own government. This post-war approach has been rejected by the Soviet Union, as has the previous agreement by which free elections were to be held in the sector of Germany occupied by the Soviets.

If the only question to be negotiated is whether or not the^ Western nations are willing to capitulate to Soviet demands on the matter of a pehce treaty with East Germany, there is no point in a new summit conference. If on the other hand, the Soviets are willing to enter into negotiations in an effort to find a mutually acceptable solution to the German question, there is a possibility that some good may come out of a new summit "meeting between President Kennedy and Khrushchev.

Until there is some new indication from the Soviet Union that they are willing to enter into such negotiations in good faith, then another summit meeting very likely would serve to increase rather than lessen international tension.

Exoects State

Agency Savings

Incident Points Up A Need For Two Offices

By LYNN NISBET

BUDGET SAVINOS Governor Sanford says he expects the taie agencies to

save a good many mlioia o doars by^not pending all the money approiMTiaied by the General Aasembly. He has called on the Budget Bureau to keep a close waitch and not permit any agency to spend money Just because it was appropriated im-leee need for the spending can be established-

Almost every year there arc balances in a number of depart* mental accounts, accrued because all the appropriated funds were not used. Unt a few years ago there was always a desperate race near the end of the fiscal year to find use for the fimds so that It would not revert. The greater flexibility in budgeting Inaugurated by Paul Johnston when the^ Administration Department was established makes the rat race for ' transfers less tense. To some degree the flexible policy also tends to increase balances by transfers throughout the year.

Governor Sanferd says he and the budget office are getting very fine cooperation from offloads and rank and file employees. There have been in other years complaints that in some instances the budget office was going so far as to negate the will of the General Assembly by withholding funds that had been appix^iriated Just because the budget officer did not ap-

rve the purpose. It is not Uke-aoy such extreme action was ever taken by the budget folks. There have cases, how

ever, when complaints seemed Justified that programs or services desired by certain agencies, and a^ithorlzed by the General Assembly, have been Mocked by budget office refusal to release the fimds to support them.

MARGINAL The area Is not very wide between abso-kjte control of the budget bureau aaod right of U>e agency to use the money allotted by the Legislature. But there is an area where ai^hwlty seem to overlap. There would be no excuse for the iHidget act If every department was accorded unsimervlsed right to spend all the money m^proprtated. regardless of need or changed condition. AxkI there would be no excuse for high paid departmental fkmoce officers If the budget bureau had absolute authority for ImtAoemcndng legislative appropriations.

There are many opportunities for budget saving without any conflicT of authority. Under the

tions for spending ki June of 1963 were based on pireseotation first made to May of 1960. Some of the items are ,eertato to be obsolete. Improved automative equipment may release several employees. Expansions contemplated to 1960 may prove im-IM-actical to 1962 and 1963. In all of these places substantial reductions can be made to the spending of legislative appropriations.

WASTE dose budgatary supervision of all government activities also can reduce loss by reason of careless or Illegal use of time and equiiMnent for which the State is paying. Th^ Items almost always are blown up to publicity far beyond any reasonable figure. A few employees may cftdsel on time, take excessive ooffee-breaks and what have you. Bid; to the aggregate the unpaid-for overtime put in by State employees will amount to many times the minutes wasted during work hours.

It is easy to over-emphasize the amount that might be saved if every nickels worth of time and material was thoroughly policed and channeled exactly by promising to save five million dollars by his campaign against petty graftunauthorized use of automobiles, telephone, stamps, stationery and simitor items.

A check of the budget allocar tion list disclosed that the total amount allotted to all the ad-miidstrative agencies and departments of the State for travel telcirtiwie, telegraph and postage, stationery and office supplies was less than five million dollars. Certainly ttere was some waste that needed to be cut down, but if there have been no letters mailed, no telephone calls made and no trips taken, the saving could not have been five million dollars.

The misplacing of copies of a document which was supposed to be delivered to members of the City Council prior to the monthly meeting last week brought to lightinadvertentlyanother matter that, it seems to us, should receive the attention of the Council. , . _ * , '

According to information revealed concerning the misplaced papers, the City Clerk said he placed them on the desk used jointly by the Mayor and the City Manager,

A desk shared by the Mayor and the City Manager!

Cant Greenville afford separate desks for the Mayor and the City Manager? Or better still, shouldnt a city the size of Greenville provide separate offices for these two top city officials.

It seems preposterous that a city which has an operating budget of almost a million dollars a year should expect its Mayor and its City Manager to share the same desk for even the same office. After all, the superintendent of Utilities has an office and a desk of his own, the Chief of Police has his deskand office, and so do other department heads. Why even some of the secretaries at city hall have their own desks and little cubicles in which to carry out their work.

Is the work of the City Manager and that of the Mayor less important than these?

In the interest of more efficient government surely the City of Greenville should provide its two top administration officials not only separate desks but separate offices from which to conduct the business affairs necessary to the citys operation.

Suoer

!VIarket

Stocks

By GEORGE SOKOLSKY

Humanists In Education

Einancina Via

rhe Back Door

presit syMem budget requests encies and de-

are iUed by agenci parUnents more than three years before th last of the ap-iropriatioos requested can be availsMe. For example, alloca-

TOTAL VIEW - Governor Sanford told newsmen the other day that one of the most encouraging development* in the all-out campaign for traffic safety is that local law enforcement officers and judges of re-ccM-der-type courts are realizing the significance of their ac-tivlti^ to the overall statewide program. When the judge of an inferior court to a remote sec on of the state understands that his handltog of a traffic vlototion is not local but may have far reaching inflwnce. and tMt his la not an entirely independent court but must fit into a general pattern, a long step will have been taken toward reducing traffic accidents. The Governor thinks the recent conference of Judges held In Raleigh under auspices of the Traffic Safety CJouncil helped to make the local judges conscious of their tc^l obligation.

By RALPH ROBEY

Backdoor financing is a vicious practice from the viewpoint of government spending. It Ls a device by which a bureau, division, or department is freed from annual appropriation committee review of the amount which may be spent, and to the extent it Is used It reduces the generally accepted congressional control of the public purse. The latest effort to get free of such control was in connection with the foreign development loan program, and it has been defeated.

The Daily Reflector

INCORPORATED

Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday EsUbliflhed 188?.

DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publishar

Brtlcred at Post Offlct. OremvlUs, N. C., as second clau mal BMtter.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrm- (In Towns) Week SOc

By Carrier (Motor Routes) Week 35c

BY MAIL, Payable In Adeanoe

OreenvlQe Poet Office. Pitt Gkmnty, RobersoovlUe, Vtncebose Wsshtofton and Chocovlnlty.

Tbree ifoottie .............................. I t.1S

X Months ................................ 7jOO

One Year ........................... U4X>

Ifoith Carolina <other than listed above)

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On# Ymt .......... 14B0

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MPmgE ASBOCIATBD PRBM The Aaneteted Frees le exclusivtly entitled to use for pubUcatloe nil aMi dlipetches caredited to tt or not othenrlM credited to this papw and also the loeeJ oeers pubUsbed herein All rlfbte ot IwUtiiallnin ef epertal dispatches here are aleo reawed.

MAHONAI* AOYSBTlglNQ REPKBgENTATlVBB Thomas W- dasB Co.. inc.. New York. Chlcafo, Atlanta Mamhai Audit Sureo of Ctrculntloo.

All ndverttebM W mott he received at least one day befte puMlcatton data.

Such backdoor spending is not a new development. The first notable example was with the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in 1932. That was during the Hoover administration, and Ogden Mills was Secretary of the Treasury. Mr. Mills in making his customary summary of the budget for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1932, failed to Include an advance of close to $300 million In the deficit figures. Technically he was not required to include this amount in the deficit, but failure to do so gave a distorted picture of the condition of federal finances. Such an amount today would be relatively Insignificant, but in 1932 the total federal budget was only about |5 billion, and $300 million was important.

During the intervening years backdoor spending has grown by leaps and bounds and today amounts to billions of dollars. The growth has been in both Republican and Democratic administrations. President Kennedy specifically asked for authority to borrow $8.8 billion from the Treasury over five years for development loansand that is backdoor financing.

The Senate, which is more liberal than the House, reduced the amount to an even $8 billion, and passed a bill covering both the method and the period of such borrowing. The House would have none of

this and passed a one-year authorization of $1.2 billion. The House then also instructed its conferees not to accept the backdoor financing but to insist upon annual appropriations. To give such instructions ia most unusual, and made the task of the conference committee quite difficult.

Finally, however, an agreement was reached in the conference, and it has been passed by both branches of the Congress. It provides for a five-year program of $7.2 billion in development loans but this amount is to be financed by annual appropriations. Obviously this is a curious solution, and small won> der that both sides are claiming victory.

Those who oppose long-term commitments emphasize the requirements of annual appropriations. The Administration, and those who were supporting it, emphasize that the President is given specific authority to make a five-year agreement, and insist that the Congress has at least a moral responsibility to provide the funds.

Now In spite of the unquestioned waste that goes on in our foreign aid program, and In spite of it frequently not being as effective as we should like, the fact remains that we as a nation, cannot suddenly withdraw from continuing to try to help foreign countries. And It also is a fact that frequently funds can be used to better advantage If an agreement extending beyond cur fiscal year can be made. Those are arguments which cannot successfully be countered.

At the same time it is of utmost Importance that the Congress should have an opportunity to review annually what we aie doing. The compromise, in other words, is wise, and the so-called moral obligation of the Congress to provide the funds is eyewash, if the commitments do not make sense.

Copyright, 1961, King Peitures Syndicate, Inc.

Soon the schools and colleges will re-open and boys and girls will hurl themselves into work which is designed to build their careers, to form thetr characters, to improve them culturally. Our system of education has come in for very sharp criticism on several sides.

The humanists feel that our students get very little of the humanities, the eternal value of learning, during a four years course. They feel that the youngsters are being robbed of their time, their money and their opportunities by an inadequate probing into the nearly 10,000 Vears of human culture which is available to them. Some regard tlK system of majors as unprodurtive of the best values that a college can provide.

On the other hand, many parents and employers complain that young people are graduated from our colleges and universities without any skill, and tools, any training in the acquirement of knowledge and the application of what they learned to their life work. In a word, they $eel

that they tr* wasting their time.

The hunwmists say that college is not a trade school; that if the young person wants to master a trade, be should go to a technical school that makes a spwialty of his subject. The practical person wants to know why the student, after four years of high school and four years of college, is unfit for anything in particular. Girls can find jobs as secretaries o elementary school teachers although they cu^ traihed for neither; boys become stock-brokers or clerks where, if they can learn fast, they can make some money. But how many stockbrokers or bankers have jrou met who know any economics at afi? For them not to know the technical basis of their trade is as wrong as for a stenographer not to be able to ^11 or for a teacher of history to know no

history. The laactical man asks about tools; the humanist asks about knowledge. Surely after four years, a student should have one or the other, if not both. The question that needs to be asked is why there are ao

Other Editors Saying. Out of the Mouth of Nikita

(Richmond News Leader)

Nikita Khrushchev is the last authority we ever expected to cite in support of a sound nuclear policy for the United States, but a couple of paragraphs in Mr. K.'s long statement of August 30 carry a beU-like ring of truth.

The Soviet chairman scoffed at the notion in some quarters that a future world war might be waged without recourse to thermonuclear weapons. He said:

The experience of history teaches that It has never been possible to keep the fire of war within predetermined limits. Wars have inexorable, severe laws of their own. An aggressor starts a war to bring his victim to its knees and to impose his wUl on it. But even the aggressor is aware that in case of defeat the fate that he was preparing for his victim will befall him. Therefore each state that takes part in the war, regardless of whether it attacks or defends, will stop at nothing for attaining victory and will not accept defeat without having used and spent all means in its possession of waging war. Under these conditions any armed conflict. even Insignificant at first, would Inevitably grow Into a universal rocket and nuclear war should the nuclear powers have been drawn into it.

There is one circumstance alone that can forestall the inevitability of which Mr. Khru-schev speaks. 'That Is the certainty on both sides of prompt and deadly retaliation in kind. This certainty effectively prevented

the use of poison gas in Wisrld War n. Conceivably, it might yet forestall the use of atomic weapons in a World War IIespecially if a capacity for retaliation were accompanied by an effective means of defense against thermonuclear attack. Neither side has a workable anti-missile missile; neither has a comprehensive plan of fallout shelters and civilian defense. But each side does have impressive capacity for retaliation to kind against atomic attack.

If a stalemate of mutual apprehension ever is to be achieved and maintained, neither side can forego atomic testing so long as the other persists. To quote Mr. Khrushchev again: No government which has real concern for the vital interests of its people and the defense potential of the country can act differently.

A strong presumption exists tha$ tie Soviet Union's Mr. K.. a bloody realist in these matters, has been testing secretly all along. And though Prance, a Western ally, has been testing publicly in the Sahara, neither Britain nor the United States has kept up the pace. Mr. Kennedys announcement of resumed American tests is as welcome as it was unavoidable. Our own Mr. K., like the Soviets Mr. K., is not unacquainted with history. Hopefully, Mr. Kennedy is mindful of Gibbons explanation of Romes strength over a long period of time: The early emperors, wrote Gibbon, maintained the peace by a constant preir-atlon for war.

many comphtiMa about what should be the or(toary results of education.

No person can possibly be regarded as educated or cultured who does not know the language and literature and history, at least, of his own peopel. That, of course, is just a start but it is an essential. No one can constructively contribute to the welfare of his country who docs not understand its form and method of government. On meets men who lave degrees and even Phi Beta Kappa .,fceys who Imow nothing about their government, who have no understanding of the techniques M goven^ meat, who talk about dnoc-racy but they have no concept of what the law has to say about that. Suc^ a person might become all excited about some particular issue wkbout any regard as to how it fits toto the entire mosaic of his countrys structure.

This form of l^Mrance is not expected of an educated person, Just as it is not exp^:ted that a person shall not have read the literature ot his language. Students go through high school and college whose knowledge of the Uteratiffe tbeir native language is as alien as that of a foreign tongue. They therefore are unfemiliar with the roots of their culture. They may have a sniattertog of Hemtogway as they have of Sactre but they are not grounded to Shalces-peare or Milton; as for Chaucer, they heard about him and they have read a poem of Longfellow and maybe Poe,

The value of literature is not , only amusn*. Ita main purpose is to bring the reader close to the nature, the character, the Ideals of a people. No one can understand the America of today, particidariy our form of govemament. our insi*tice upon indivldiuilism with a de^ communal responsibility, who has not steeped himself in British history upon which our institutions are based.

Our problem then is to review our entire system of educa^ tion from the elemitary school to the graduate courses to our universities to find a technique for handUng both cultural and rocational subjects without tak-(Continued on page five)

Opinions In Brief

The Wests hand at the conference table will be strengthened by Mr, Khrushhhevs stupid at (In resuming nuclear testing). We almost feel sorry for him. He must surely have berni pushed into it by bone-headed generals, Red china and Red Germany. The poor man is slip-pingand we had held out such high hopes for his future! The Yorkshire Post (erf Great Britain).

By R001 BABSON BABflON PARK, Mass.-The Kew York Stock Exchange roughly divides into 50 groups the approxtooately 1500 stocks which are listed thereon. The electronics and the oils are the most active, but the retail stores have shown the most steady progress. This fl^roup includes the supermarkets, ci itiiich there are about 25 large chains.

SUPERMARKETS ARE A MONOPOLY A successful sia>ermarket must have three requirements:

(1) It must be located in the center of a growing population,

(2) it must have a very large parng space, (3) U muAt be financed alow^ out ot Its own growth. This means that a successful supmnarfcet is more loss of a monopoly after a sufficient number of fueeessiul years.

As oiir population iaereases It bec(nes ooostantly more dtffi-cult to secure a sufficiently large and central looation. Furthermore, these locations are con* stantly bec<mdng seareer and much hardw to find near the reeidentlal sections. At one time we thought that off street parking lots would satisfy city shoppers. Unfortunately, how-evm*. women with children do not want to trav^ frcan an off street parking lot to the snper-market. They hMlat on parking directly on the land of the eu-pcrmaricet where a boy ean wheel the purchaees to the womans car and where there la no time limit or parking fee. IMPORTANCE OF FO<M> Food is the most important of all commodities. The farmer should receive more than he does, but his price is not lor him to determii. The party who makes money on food is the middleman, who buys when and where food it cheapest.

Another commodity that has had a steady increase to defend Is electricity. Hence I like supermarkets as a speculation and the cumulative preferred stocks of public utilitica for steady income. To keep track of your Investment, buy the common stock of the supmarket with which you trade and the preferred stock of the company which supplies your rtectriclty and bills you each

WHAT ABOUT SHOPPfNG CENTERS?

Shopping centers are popular at the present time. But only the #ves properly located have been successful. Merchants located to thess shopping centers are doing much better than the downtown storm. Many of the old-fashioned city stores which have no parking facUitiea are making most of their money today from their suburban branches that have limited parking facilities. Therefore, the sh(H)ping eevAer has its Ihnitations.

If a itooiH^ng center is loo large, it becomes lesa desirable to many women shoppers. Many shopping centers today are doing % of their business on Friday and Saturday. Then the father, mother, and children all go together and make a day of it. All of this brtogs us badk to the value and convenience of the supermarket which is properly located in a residential district and which has already purchased a large amount (tf land that will permit free parking for many years to come.

AN INVESTMENT

YOUNG PEOPLE Young married couples ara learning that by living close to a modem supennaiiEet (like the new Stop and Shop Markets) they can get along witiiout cooking. The fatiier ean get his own breakfast; lunch is a simple meal: and a freshly baked already-cooked oomplete dinner may be secured irwn the auper-market. As a result, the small houses surrounding the supermarket have almost doubled in price. This increase to demand comes primarily from living so near a supermarket. But, of course, the supermarket la gradually buying houeea adjohdng its land.

A young married ouple should ftost put their money Into simple life insurance, which can now be bought very cheaply. Next, always have a reasonable deposit to a local bank for emergencies. The best plan of all, howeverboth for the convenience and as a good investment of a^^eciationis to Own a small house next to tie land for a supermarket. Furthermore. If a family decides to move to another city for business reasons, there is always a good demand for such property. In short, I am bullish on good supermarkets and the neighborhoods in which they are located. But one should avoid newly organized aupermarkets.

Strength For Today

Economy Approaching A 'Brink

By EARL L. DOUGLASS IF WE DO OUR JOB After Jesus bad been crucified and had risen from the dead, he fellowshlpped with his disciples for a period of forty days. During that time he talked with them of the things concerning the kingdom of God And what happened at the end?

After listening to what he had to say about the world-vide

universal, spiritual kingdom of God, hia disciples inquired of him eagerly: Lord, wUt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel? After forty days dwelling upon themes that were spirttuaJ and unlver aal in their application, the die ciples were still thinktog in terms of the restoration of theij nation. They did not say, "Lord when wlU the ktogdom come?

Instead they said, Lord, wilt thou at this time restore again the kingdom to Israel?

The Lord's answer was, Ye shall receive power, With that power (which we call the Holy Spirit) the problems of life, individual. naticmal, world-wide, would be worked out, You and I do not know what God has in store for us, but it we open our hearts and receive the Spirit" then we will be led Into the ways of truth.

Jesus left only one commandment with his disciples: Be my witnesses. In other words, live your Christian faith in .such a manner that others may see glory, and respond. Problems ndlvldual. r : world-w

and univi ' w'h > care o* I cm-elves ii ac do o*u Job l

V. ..tili, 'illg.

By ELMER ROESSNER If you are in business and you read newspapersand if you dont, how come you see this?you know that the American economy is approaching the Brink.

If we go over, of course, you are probably out of business anyway, so build yourself a cellar and stock It with bourbon. Thats the way Im going to sit out the next 100 years.

But we probably wont go over the brink. Well approach it and look down.

And that process will affect you mightily as a businessman, and how you meet it will determine how the approach to f'e brink will affect you. WHATS AHEAD?

Here are some things that are deflr'te in the future:

1. The increase to defease will create more jobs, mora wages,

more buying. Obvious. So no matter what you sell, demand will increase in the months ahead. In fact, every beUow by Khrushchev will sell more girdles or tractors or whatever you carry.

2. No matter what Mr. Kennedy will/ say over televisinand he W1 say a lotthere wiU be a tendency to board. How you handle this will depend on your own conscience. If you are to favor of communism, stock up to the limit and whisper to customers that shortages are ahead. If you are not, build up stocks when there arc surpluses, and maintain even sales offerings.

MAKE PLANS

3- Think your situation through snd plan f(ur the probability that a pre-Korea economy will be thrust upon you. ^

Mtoke plana to take caso M

these possibilities: That prices and wages may be frozen. That supplies of scarce goods WiU be limited to previous purchase volume. That men ot mU-itary age wUl be scarce. That hard-working women of any age wUl be acaree. And that candidates for Jobs wUl be scarcer than ever.

4. Study the fact that many service businesses will be closed down quickly.

THEYLL COME BACK

5. Make plans for the fact that draftees and reservists are entitled to old Jobs when they come backand that many of the reservists wUl come back sooner than they expected. You may lose ]mur dynamic young athletes, but your beUy cases . will be sent back to you quick-

paymeot to draftees and re-

selsts; you may find that ymi are committed to bankrupting payments.

7. Draw up lists potential replacMnents, putting drafteea wives and reservists dependents high on the list. Have plans ready to case your entire shipping detriment marches off to war.

GOVERNMENT OFFERS PATENT OPPORTUNITIES The Small Business Administration is offering rights to a patent on a self-service gasoline pump with which a service station can stay open^24 hours a day without attendants. The machine accepts coins or credit cards to payment. This is one of 173 patents offered for Ucenslng to the 8BA New Products List Circular, free from the sbA.

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