Tlmrsday Anguit 81, 1961

V V

Keeping His Protests Sharp

State Can Handle Its Own Problem

Gov, Sanford's polite, but firm rejection of the offer of Gov. John Patterson of Alabama to send Alabama troops and new law enforcement personnel" to North Carolina in case of racial trouble should be applauded by the people of the state.

North Carolina has shown clearly in the past that it is entirely capable of handling its race relations, and it has been fortunate that in this state the relations between white and Negro citizens have been much better than in many other states both in the South and in the North. Certainly North Carolina does not need troops and law enforcement personnel from Alabama to help it handle its own problenna any more than it needs federal troops or federal law enforcement personnel to help copt with its situation.'

State and local law enforcement agencies of North Carolina are entirely capable of preserving law and order and likewise of preventing outbreaks of violence which may be sought by agitators and extremists. Gov. Sanford has made it plain that he has confidence in the law enforcement agencies of North Carolina and confidence in the people of the state in handling any situations which may arise.

Raises Question Of Jurisdiction

By LYNN NISBET JURISDICTION The question of what county would have JorisdlcUon in event court action had been necessary in the case of the young man found with a pistol on an airplane, represents Just one item in the multiple Instances of doubtful Jurisdiction.

In fact, jurlfidiction. precedent and protocol give public officials more concern than all the other technical qutsUons eombined. Jurisdiction is by long odds the most important, because it is official and authoritative, whereas precedent and protocol are not-In the airplane Incident the man boarded the plane with an unloaded t^tol in his bag in Mecklenburg county. The presence of the gun was discovered while the plane was in the air over Rocky Mount (either Edgecombe or Nash). The man was apprehended In Wake County after the plane had made an unscheduled return trip to the Ra-Icigh-Durham airport. He was released in a very short time, because of real doubt as to whether any law had been violated . Except, certainly, the law of common sense.)

While lawyers arc arguing technical points as to the place \where the offense, if any, occurred in this gun-on-plane incident, there are vitally Important questions involving jurisdiction demanding answers.

They arise at national level with respect to Federal or State JurlsdlcUon over off-shore petroleum sources. There Is friction almost every day between PedMul and State agencies dealing with racial and tax matters. Since Jurisdiction means Judicial control, It is the key word in all the controversy over Fed*al aid to education. The main issue there has been and is the degree of relation-^ ship between aid and control.

LOCALIZED In every county in North Carolina in which there is a city of 15-20,000 population there is constant argument over Jurisdiction and liability for public services as shared by the city or cities and the county government. In many Instances the county commissioners more or less noncha-latly announce that the county will pay such or such part of the total bill for health and welfare and the city will

Ky the rest. That concept over-)ks the fact that resident taxpayers in the city also are resident taxpayers In the county ->and therefore are being called upon to pay twice for one service.

For many years the State Highway Conunission refused to recognise any responsibility for public roads Inside corporate limits of cities If the roads were called "streets. That despite the fact that users of these streets paid the same rate ot State gasoline tax as did the rural

residents. That situation has been greatly relieved, but city taxpayers still have to pay a lot of advalorem taxes for roads which outsiders do not pay-, The question of jurisdiction and control are becoming more acute every day in connection with implementat on of the quality education program. How much State money, how much local money, and what degree of control by each level are vitally important questions. There are some people who fear disputes .over these items may endanger the whole quality education program. This phase of the issue includes differences between county boards of education and county commissioners over school buildings and taxes, as well as differences between local and State levels.

In all of these instances the question of jurisdiction is a key factor, and presently there is no generally satisfactory answer as to areas of responsibility.

HISTORIC - There is the story about the man who stood in North Carolina and shot to death a man standing in Tennessee, and who could not be apprehendedbecause he had not killed a man in this state and he could not be arrested in Tennessee because he had never been there.

A more recent and in many respects more Interesting story has to do with the truck load of illegal liquor captured by Wake county officers, but within the borders of Chatham county, after hot pursuit. The liquor was confiscated and stored in Wake county. The men involved were Indicted and tried in Wake county superior court. There were several facets to the case, in fact three of four separate lawsuits. At least one went to the Supreme Court, and is reported in NC 225 at 241, 1945.

The pertinent fact here Is that when the judge In the Wake county court ordered the confiscated whiskey to be sold and the money turned over to the Wake county hoard of educatloji,_ a couple of visiting lawyers arose. Court attendants had been wondering why Walter Siler and W.P, Horton had been so faithful In attending the trial. Horton obtained recognition from the pre.sldlng judge and suggested that his judgement be amended to substitute the word Chatham for the word "Wake in the order, citing the mandatory statute that such funds should go to the schools of the county In which the confiscation was made. The judge was forced to agree-

Since Wake county officeni had made the arrests and confiscation. and Wake county had paid . all the costs of the trial, an agreement was negotiated for dividing the funds between Char tham and Wake.

That was one time when the issue of jurisdiction was really Impcmtant.

While the weekend outbreak in Monroe has at> tracted much attention in North Carolina and through--out the country, it was clearly demonstrated that conscientious state and local officials and law enforcement officerswith the support of a vast majority of citizenswere able to quickly bring the situation under control.

As Gov. Sanford clearly stated at the outset of the incident. North Carolipa will not tolerate any violence from anyone. He iias now made it clear that North Carolina intends to continue to handle its own problems without the need-, of assistance from other states or levels of government; and preferably without interference from agitators or extremists from other areas.

It is unfortunate that the governor of North Carolina has found it ntcessary to make clear this policy of his administration in the face of the Monroe incident. But at the same time, well worthwhile that the governor has made the position of his administration clear not only to the citizens of this state, but to the rest of the nation as well.

No Time To Gloat, But Move Still Further

At least one indication of North Carolinas economic progress is the fact that only three of the 50 states gained more new business.firms during the past decade than North Carolina.

According to the records of the Department of Commerce, North Carolina enjoyed a 20.6 per cent increase in its number of business firms during the decade from 1950 to 1960. It moved from 15th to 14th place among the states in industrial activity during the period. It is also significant that during the 10-year period a total of 11,124 new business firms began operating in the state, representing an average of more than 1,000 new firms each year.

In terms of the rate of growth of the number of business firms, North Carolina ranked fr ahead of most of the other states of the nation. These statistics also indicate that North Carolinas rate of economic growth during the decade was likewise far ahead of that in many other states.

In spite of this growth, however, North Carolina remains far down the ladder of states in the per capita income of its people. Its position improved in this regard during the decade, but the statistics point up vividly that North Carolina still has to reach a greater rate of economic development if the per capita income of its people is to be on a par with that of the nation as a *whole.

While the state can justifiably take pride in the fact that it ranked fourth among the 50 states in the number of new business firms gained during the past decade, it can ill afford to sit back and gloat oyer its accomplishments. From an economic standpoint. North Carolina still has great potential which has not been developed. From the standpoint of per capita income, the state is still near the bottom of the list.

There is no doubt that the gain of new businesses realized by North Carolina during the decade from 1950 to 1960 was largely due to the effort made by the state and its individual communities to attract new industries and otherwise push the development of its economic potential. It should be evident, therefore, that during the present decade North Carolina must not only maintain its pace of activity toward developing its economic potential, it also must continue to accelerate the rate of development.

The Daily Reflector

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Published Every Afternoon Except Sunday EsUblished 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publisher

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Stalin,

_ XlcNauflht XnuUcatt. Inc.

By DON SCHUENZ

Writer Also Has A Plan

The Labor Day Weekend has become something of a tradition for America and Americans. Its a valid excuse lor hitting the road for one last fling before buckling down to realities of summers end.

Theres another tradition that has become attendant upon the holidayan Increase in traffic fatalities.

Its a frightening sort of thing that accompanies great turnouts on the highways.

Increased traffic fatliies (m any holiday have become a matter of statistics. No slide rule is necessary for computers of death. It has already been determined by the North Carolina State Motor Club that at least 23 persons are going to die

on N.C. highways over the weekend ending Monday night.

Experts figure most of the states two million motor vehicles will clog roads leading to the mountains, seashore and other resorts.

This year theres a new wrinkle to remind drivers on the Labor Day Weekend to exercise extreme caution.

The program involves having each m<^rist who uses the highway on Labor Day to burn his lights continiidiisly whe driving, day or night, from Friday evening til Tuesday morn.

In one way, it's a pledge to all others that you have safety on your mind; and secondly, the burning headlights are a reminder to all that they ten) have

A responsibility.

Sometimes Just such a minor reminder is all it takes to avert a tragedy.

The Light Your Pledge For Safety campaign is also known to some organizations as he Keep em Burning drive. It is new in this state, but Oregon applied the program last year and cut the holiday traffic toll from 34 to 19. So Tar Heels can enter into the spirit of it all without doubts as to what be aecompUted.

My own favority remedy for the risks of the crowded high way is known as the SchHenz Stays Home plan.

Alas, there are too few of that name in North Carolina to make

Other Editors Saying ;Mext Gubernatorial Race

Diplomats Lack "moortant Speec.

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) If speed were a meal-ticket, the diplomats would starve to death. For three years both sides have been in a slow dance on Berlin pausing to parley. Now the music begins again.

This time the tune Is a , little different, more somber, because Premier Khrushchev sounds more determined. But once again the foreign ministers are beginning to shuffle toward another parley.

Whether this means another full-blown and long-drawn out foreign ministers meeting or just a short one to be followed by another summit conference wont be known for a while.

But. as Khrushchev has kept on piling up the Berlin crisis. Secretary of State Dean Rusk has kept the door open for negotiations.

But slow as it all Is French President de Gaulle wanted it still slower. He was agalmst hurrying into a conference with the Soviets. So a kind of compromise was worked out.

In September the Wests Big Four ministersAmerican, British. French, WoM Germansare expected to meet in this country to decide how to handle Khrushchev. Then theyll contact hlx foielgn minister, Andrei Grom-yko.

The purpose: to see whether he thinks East-West talks would be worthwhile. It would be much simpler to send him' a cable, asking that question,'but apparently cables move too ftst.

But one things for sure;If the foreign ministersthe Western ones by themselves or the Western ones with Gromyko-diupll-cate their performance of the past two years the answer will be a big, fat zero and maybe' real trouble.

Khrushchev started the trouble in November 1958, when he called for the West to get out of Berlin. Between then and May 1959 both sides had time to figure out a settlementif they wanted one. Apparently they didnt.

The American. British and French foreign ministers met with Gromyko from May to August 1959, but they not only couldnt agree, they wound up in confessed confusion.

French Foreign Minister Couvc' de Murville said of Gromykos tactics: We are in complete confusion. We have reached a point at which neither side knows what the other is talking about.

The Westerners proposed, among other things, that Khrushchev agree to unification of East And West Germany. It didnt need a magician to know thats the last thing to which Khrushchev would let Oromkyo agree.

So Gromyko said the Western proposals were a "hopeless tangle of unrealted issues. The West also wanted a five-year extension of the pre.sent Berlin situation. Russia offered only 18 months, with no promise of what happened afterwards-

This was such a total mess (Continued tnm Page 5)

(Washington Dally News)

The death of Cloyd Philpott, Lieutenant Governor, has removed a formidable potential candidate from the race for govcr--nor in the next Democratic primary In 1964.

Mr, Philpott would have made an excellent race had he chosen to enter it. Now reports are current that Woodrow Jones of Rutheriordton is considering making the race. At least a trial balloon has been sent up In his behalf.

Mr. Jones is an able man, and he would make a good governor, we feel. However, the fact that a test of sentiment is now being made in no way means directly that he will actually be a candidate.

There are others interested in making ihe race, too. Joe Hunt, speaker of the House of Representatives in Raleigh, is also being talked of as a possible candidate. Over North Carolina right now Mr. Hunt is probably much better known than Mr. Jones. He has recently been in the spotlight, and as a result more people know him or know about him than know Mr. Jones. Mr. Hunt, we feel, will be an excellent governor if he runs and is elected.

Then rumors keep making the rounds of North Carolina that Beverly Lake will again make the race. By unwritten agreement it is understood that the next governor will come from the Western half of North Carolina. Dr. Lake hails from the Eastern half. Still, there is no^ constitutional bar to his running': if he 80 desires. And if he runs it can be said that he will be A man who must be dealt with. He Already has a strong

and loyal following, a nucleus which would stand him in good stead if he finally runs.

Other names have been mentioned too, from time to time. Bart Bennett is chariman to the State Democratic Executive committee and a close friend of Governor Sanford, whom he served -as xrampaign manager. If the. Sanford forces close in behind any one candidate, that candidate will have a jump on any other candidate who chooses to run. Mr. Sanford does have a strong political organization'^ and we are only fooling Ourselves if we fail to recognize that fact. Of course, Mr. Sanford has given no indication of supporting any candidate as yet. Rumor had it that he personally favored Mr. Philpott.

Then we must also take a look at what the Republicans will do in this matter of a candidate for governor. They will have no primary fight ovw the candidate. If Charles R Jonas wants the nomination, he can have it for the asking. In fact, he will not have to ask. All he would have to do is to say that be is willing to make the race.

If he nms for governor, Democratic forcee will have a big fight on their hands. Make no mistake about that fact. He is a vote-getter who proved his ability. If he runs, .the Democrats have their work cut out for them.

All in all. as of now. 1964 looks like an interesting political year. Not only must the Democrats come up with a good candidate, but even then a close fight could be in the air between the Democrats and the Republicans.

KEEP EM BURNING!

yV & NIGHT

I OTHERS TO I Y MGMWAYS SAFE

I

LABOR DAY

their Impact seriously felt.

In- the absence-of a state full of Schlienzs, you may as well remember to Light Your Pledge For Safety, or Keep em Burning, day and night over the big weekend.

Its no secret now. , .a circus will be in town Saturday.

For awhile, almost a week, it WAS a shsu*ed secret around our house. Such a devious 84-proach is necessary around our two smallfry.

Mention county fair In their hearing and they immediately begin enumerating all the things they like and Intend to sate their wants when the county fair opens. The recital can go on for long minutes.

Mention circus in their heaiv ing and you go through the same thing.

Its worse when anyone saya Christmas (a magic word) in their hearing. So much greed (and hope) in two such small bodies is startling.

But we shared the circu secret. Mary Jane was not to tell Don Franklin, and Don P. was not to tell Mary J

Each shared a feeling of responsibility to curb wagging tongues. Their parents have thus far arvlved the pre-circua tensions in unusually good fashion.

Parental genius? Nonsense.

Elementary, my dear Watson.

i ruman

Said - - -

' By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1961, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

In the Pots4am papers, this incident appears:

In the Potsdam pap^s, this incident appears;

Truman (says). .

24 I casually mentioned to Stalin that we had a new weapon of unusual destructive force. The Russian Premier showed no special interest. All he said was that he was glad to hey it and hoped we would make good use of it against the Japan^ ese. *

SeciKtary of State James Byrnes observed the following;

At the close of the meeting of the Three on the afternoon of July 24, (D-uman). . . talked to Stalin. . . .We rode back to the LitUe White House* together. He said he had UM Stalin that, after long experimentation, we had developed a new bomb far more destructive than any other known bomb, and that we planned to use It very soon unless Japan surrendered. Stalins only reply was to say that hi was glad to hear of the bomb and he hoped we would use It.

The most interesting and graphic description of what occurred there is given by Winston CSiurchill wbo was also pr*

*^*^Next day, July 24, after our plenary meeting had ended and we all got up from the round table and stood about in two and threes before: dispersing, I saw the President go up to Stalin, and the two conversed alone with only their interpreters . .1 knew what the Presi

dent was going to do. What was vital to measure was its effect on Stalin. I can see it all as if It were yesterday. He seemed to be deUghted. . .As we were waiting for our cars I found myself near Truman. How did It go? I asked. He never asked a questiom, he replied. Naturally Stalin was not excited. His spies had already provided him with fuU information concerning the Manhattan Project and the atomic bomb. But what is to be recalled is that Stalin knew at the moment that the Japanese wanted peace and they had already communicated with the Russians . For <m July 28. 1945 with President Truman, Prime Minister Attlee (Churchill having been defeated in the election) and Generalissimo Stalin 4uid their attendants present, Stalin said that the Russians had received a new proposal from Japan. I quote:

The translator then read the communication from Ambassador Salto which was marked strictly ctmfidentlal and which was to the following effect: at our last meeting on July 13 the Ambassador had had the honor to submit the iwoposal of the Japanese government to send Prince Konoe to Moscow. He had received the reply of the Soviet government which did not see the possibility of giving a definite reply to the approach because no definite proposal had been made. In order to make the matter more precise he was communication the following. TEe mission of Prince Konoo was to ask the Soviet government "to take part In mediation to end the present war and to transmit the complete Japanese ease in this respect. . Simultaneous, he wished to repeat that Prince Konoe was especially charged by His Majesty, the Empert*, to convey to the Soviet government that it was exclusively the desire of His Majesty to avoid more bloodshed by the parties engaged In tha war. In view of the foregoing he hoped that the Soviet government would give favorable attention to his request and would give its consent to the vrival of the mission. He added that the Soviet government was aware of the position which Prince Konoe occupied in Japan.

Stalin said there was nothing new in this except that it was more definite than the previous approach and that it would receive a more definite answer than was the -caaa the last time, and that the answer would be in the negativcj

Thus, we know that on July 28. 1945, the President of the United States was notified that the Japanese were seeking peace and that there was no further need to fight if an armistice could be arranged. The next words In the record are these: The President thanked Mar-(Continuad on page live)

Schools Boom Typewriters Use

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS CALL TO THE MINISTRY

Tturoughout the history of the church we have been hearing of what la known as a call to the Christian ministry. What constitutes aucb a caU?

there have been a few persons (St. Paul. St. Auguatine,' John Wesley, and Dwight L. Moody) in whose experience uch a call was spectacular, immediate. and deflnitaly supernatural to character. Most of the clergymen throughout the world, however, have experienced a cali as the reault of much reflection, prayer, and examination of what appeared to be their gifts.

The first thing neocetary in the Christian life is sincerity. Let no one expect to be either a decent Christian believer or

a Christian leader unless he has sincerity. After that he should have a profound conviction that human life Is primarily spiritual and that Ood has provided for man a spiritual destiny.

Good education, ability to get al(i wiih people, reeourcefui-nees theee are gllte readily usable in the mlnistiy. Sara Hig-genbottom waa an agncultural mlsaionary who went forth in the name of Christ to teach people in backward areas .how to grow better cropa. Frank Lau-bach has used hta capacity t teach people to read and wr! in a great missionary enterp!

Our age faces a profrur:' ^ elina in morals. Upon the r men rests the greatest albllty for saving the w moral and social disas, . .

By ELMER R0E8SNER

With more students going back to school today than ever before, the typewriter business is enjoyUig one of its happiest booms In years. Typewriters, once used almost entirely In offices, are now as much a part of a students equipment as his date book.

Portables are the word for school typewriters. Remington estimates that it and its competitors wiU sell 1,300.000 p<H-tables this year. This figure reflecta the trend of portable salea which have risen 10 per cent a year since 1850.

3,000 PARTS TO 00 WRONG Common though it tf tha type-wrlitr la one of the most com* plex machines in the home today. When a person typte, he sets off more than 2,000 parts ^ome machlnad to toierancaa i lets than 7-lOOOtha of an inch. The 52nd man to invent the 'ewrlter threw a party cele-iting the completion of hii 'Chine. In capital letters (ba-e it had no lower case), '1 oed his name and the date: LATHAM fiHOLES. SEPT.

1867. This demonstration moved a reporter to write (in pen-cU):

They let the funny thing go.

And by jingot It prlnu the Unfo. .

Sholet la considered the father of the modem typewriter, even though EngUihman Henry Mill waa awarded a 1714 patent for an artifldal machina for transcribing letters, singly or pro-greaaively one alter another, as writing. Detroiter William Burt earned an 1839 patent a machine with a central wheal edged with type that turawd to the dtfired letter, But Sholea'a was the first practical, commercial model.

THE 8TEN0S* CURSE

Sholee alwo is reeponsible for the Illogical typewriter keyboard, which puts the biggest load on titt UUle finger of the left hand. That finger operates the shift key and back spacer, which require pressure. The only other keys that need a good push for active '>1 art the space

in

A

for

bai and ra*- ' Words I!-" and "fed:.

used tab key.

d. exact. .Lie typed only

with the left hand.

The word type-writer was ooinod by James Densmore, an oil man who teamed up with Sholes to market the product-They contracted with E. Remington & Sons, producing the Remington No, 1 in 1873.

An advertisement in 1875 announced: A machine now superseding the pen. It Is the size of a sewing machine, worked by keys, similar to a piano.

Anyone wbo can spell can begin to write with it. It is worked without effort, and is not Uable to get out of order. It it certain to become as indispensable in families as the sewing machine. The first Remington had a loot-pedal carriage return, like a sewing machine treadle.

Mark Twain was one of the first typewriter uaera, buying one in 1874 alter noticing it in a Boston store window. He wrote a letter to his brother that this new fangled writing machine has several virtues. I believe it will print faster than I can write. One may lean back in his chair

and wcHic on It. It piles an aww ful stack of words on one page. It dont miss things or scatter ink biota around. Of course it saves paper.

Twain was the first author to aubmlt a typed manuscript, Life On The Mississippi, to an editor. His double spaced, one-sldo-of-the page has eontinu* ed to this day u a standard style.

While typewriters and working girls are almost synonymous today. the relationship viras pulled together with great difficulty.

One of the greatsot barriers to

aulok acceptance of the machina as skilled operatora. The New York YWCA pioneered instructp ion at its Ballard School, a pro-"^ Jact called an error In judgment. The female ml&d, at the turn of the century, was not considered strong enough to survive a six-month typing course. But six girls took the course and passed it, entering a business world populated by intolerant men. strong cigars and stronger language.

And today, look around yout

]

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