Tuesday, Auspast 29, 1961 ' ; ,

Brazils Course Stirring Anxiety

After Hi* Performance in Japan& '

The upheaval in Brazil, brought about by the now than ever before that what goes on in Latin resignation of President Quadros, has caused consider- America is of great importance to this country as well, able anxiety in this country as well as other countries Under the Kennedy administration there has been in the Western Hemisphere. It indicates again the in- a greater effort by the United States th|in ever before creased feeling , that anything which happens any- to help the nations of Central and South America meet

where in the hemisphere has a very direct bearing their needs. There has also been a greater threat than

upon all the nations in the Americas. ^ ever before that some of the nations of South and

This, of course, has not always been true. Until Central America would come under the control of recentlyparticularly in the United Stateswe have communism.

more or less token for granted the abrupt changes in well that the United States is genuinely con-

governments in the nations to me South. Revolutions cerned about the future of Brazil, for this concern is have been frequent, heads of state have come and indicative of the concern of the United States for all gone in many of the countries in-rapid succession, and the nations of this hemisphere. Furthermore, the

caused only a -mild situation which exists in Brazil today, the questions ^ 1 United States. ^ ^ ^ ^ which hang in the balance, make the American people

The Brazilian situation of today is entirely differ- and bur govSS^even more keenly aware of the ent, however. The United States is much concerned must seek through a realistic and sound

about the future of Brazil as are other countries in program to enable underdeveloped nations in this thM hemisphwe. pe big question is whether Brazil hemisphere to raise the living standards of their will come under the control of a more leftist govern- o ,e, to develop their resources in order that they mentperhaps one in which the communists can gam be able to build their democracies and withstand controlor will be under a government dedicated to the threat of Communism that is acute every time a the pmciples of democracy. There is no question about ^^jor crisis arises,

the fact that the situation which exists in Brazil today is the kind of situation in which the communists seek ^ ^

to make important inroads. Neither can there be any StQt0 VrCi T1

question that the communists would like, to gain con-i trol of Brazil as they gained control of GUba through /

Cartro*, regime. VlolanriA^

The fact that there is great concern in the United

States today over the future of Brazil reflects the fact

Tolerate

One

that the people of this country recognize more clearly

Early Start In

Governors Race

By LYNN MSBET

GOVERNOR? Preliminary campaigning is already underway OT the Democratic nomination ior Governor of North Carolina . in 1964. That is to some degree a return to practices of a good many years ago.

Time was. and the period ran roughly from 1908 to 1936, when chief executives were chosen by small groups years In advance and generally wre nominated and elected without much trouble. The 1940 race, with at least four strong men running, each of whom was acceptable to the '"crowd which dominated the party, was pretty wide open. The insiders were divided In support of J, M. Broughton, Lee Gravely, W. P. Horton, and A. J. Maxwell. Broughton led in the first primarty and was ceded the nomination by less than one-third the total vote.

In 1944 the dominate faction did not much want Gregg Cherry ^Jyit^could not accept Ralph Mc-^ Donald and could not find another candidate. By 1948 the organization which had been headed by Max Gardner had dlstintegrated, and although the old liners backed Charlie Johnson they had not given him the advance build up and the enthusiastic support necessary to win. The first real upset of the so-called conservative faction came with the nomination that year of Kerr Scott.

The 1952 race had more clearly defined Issues in some respects, fore confused In others, with neither William Um&tead nor Hubert Olive having advantage of advance machine or organization build up. Um.stead won and died two years later, and Luther Hodges moved up to position where he could not be challenged in 1956.

ADVANCE Meantime a young man named Terry Sanford had chosen himself to be governor in 1960 and he began to work on the job as early as 1952. There was no coherent organir.atlon to re.sist his efforts, and when the campaign had gotten underway for the 1960 nomination efforts of old lines affiliates to upset him proved futile. The chief threat to his success came from a relative newcomer, who was rated in some quarters a rabid liberal In others a rank conservativeBeverly Lake. A substantial number of his 1960 followers are backing him for another effort In 1964.

It haa been gemerally conceded that Sanford and his group are building an organiza

tion and that they have designes on control of the State Democratic party for sorne years ahead. To that end they are moving cautiously and spending up little trial balloons now and then for ideas and personalities.

Some of the conservatives remember the failures in 1948 and in 1960 because of inadequate advance preparation. They are taking no chances now. Support is being solicited for Woodrow Jhnes of Rutherford, former congressman and former State Democratic chairman. There is also a building up campaign for Basil Whitener of Gaston, incumbent congressman and a former YDC president and State legislator. Both are rated as a good bit to the right of center With respect to political philosophy. ^

Joe Hunt, speaker of the 1961 House, IS actively campaigning for Governor, and since the death of Lieutenant Governor Cloyd Philpott, is regarded as sort of heir apparent of the Sanford regime. It is known, however, that a good many of that group fear Hunt may be too conservative to meet their standards for a leader.

MID-PERIOD - With aU this activity now about a race that will not develop for at least two years, the real experts are watching developments In some affairs that will be settled sooner.

The fate of the bond Issues in the election this fall and the early experience of the public school operation under the quadity education" program wiD have substantial influence on the prestige of the new party organization. Control of the 1963 General Assembly, as indicated by choice of a Speaker as well as the show of_Republican strength, will be signficrii.'

The U.S. Senatorial primary next spring in which the seat now occupied by Sen Everett Jordan will be another weather vane. It is no secret that many Sanford men would like to see Jordan defeated It also is obvious that some of them wonder about the advisability of challenging him with chance of losing and thus losing prestige in the more significant 1964 elections.

These are only a few of the factors that political strategists will be considering dunng the next few months. It is still true that the rank and file of voting citizens seem pleased at return to the old custom of picking out candidate* for Governor well in advance of voting time.

Officials of the city of Monroe and those of Union county and the state should take every possible step to see that the violence which erupted in that North Carolina town this weekend is not repeated. They should also take the necessary steps to see ttiat those who are responsible for the violence are*brought into court to answer for their offenses.

Gov. Terry Sanford spoke for the vast majority of the people of the state, we believe, when he said it is well known that North Carolina will not tolerate violence from anybody for any purpose.*' In spite of the tense racial situations which have flared up in various parts of the nation in recent years, the race relations in North Carolina have remained good between the white and Negro citizens of the state.

We are confident it is the desire of the vast majority of the citizens of ^rth Carolinaboth white and Ne^othat the ^o#mcial relations of the state continue in the futu/e And racial violence anywhere in the state can only serve to impair the good race rela-

McXJight Syndtaite, Iftc

By HENRY HOWARD

GroD-Outs Get Attention

With the opening of school tomorrow, a rather drab thought comes to mind.

tions which exist^4hroughout the state.

It is encouraging that both local and state officials were quick in taking positive steps to end the violence which erupted in Monroe. It is also encouraging that tliey have made it plain that such actions will not be tolerated on the part of any citizens in North Carbllha.

Teenagers soin.^ brightly dreg.sed and some some

in high and bright Spirits and some not so enter our high schools for another year of what is generally called formal education.

These teenagers as everything doe.s, its claimedfit into what is known as the law of

normal variation. That Is, there are a few at the top of the ladder, a great army of them in the middle section, and an equal few clinging to the bottom rungs.

All these teenagers have problems. And those problems, too, fit the normal curve. Some are small, some are quite difficult, while most fall into the mediocre category.

AS a general rule, the prob-

Rrazils

Affects

Course

Others

Other Editors Saying Opportunity For PTA

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) -this most sava^ie of centuries, and the most unpredictable, the resignation of Brazils President Janlo Quadros may be only a minor episode or a turning point in the history of the Western Hemisphere.

One thing Is sure: Brazil, with 67 million people, is the biggest of all Latin American countries and, whatever direction i t takes, It will have an effect on its neighbors.

At this point no one seems sure whether Brazil will turn leftJoao Goulart, the vice president supposed to succeed Quad-roR is a leftlstor whether a

for the Brazilians but that his efforts at reform had been

blocked. An opposition Congress had bottlenecked^, him.

He called his policy neutral but got huge foreign aid from this country. Yet, he sought to restore relations with Russia, which had been broken off in 1947, and had sent representatives to Communist China.

In 1960, before taking office, he visited Cuba. He called the Castro revolution beautiful but later said he would be the first to condemn a Communist Cuba. In all this he kept the United States guessing.

There wasnt and isnt any doubt that If Brazil went Com-

mililary dictatorship of the right munist it would be one of the

great disasters for this country which has Pldel Castro for a next-door neighbor and which doesnt know what direction British Guiana will take.

This broad puzzlement about whats going to happen next in Latin America is typical of this 20th century when the West and communism are in such deadly struggle that Intrigue snreads across the face of the earth.

And even if Brazil turns right it might be a spur to its backward neighbors to turn left In a hurry to keep the same thing from happening to them.

The Daily Reflector

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will take over and keep Gou-lart out.

For that matter, it doesnt seem too clear what direction Quadros might have taken or whether this sudden move of his is part of a plan to come back soonhow he could do it isnt clear, eitherwith more power than before.

Even Goulart seemed uncertain over the weekend. He had visited Communist China and was in Hong Kong when news of Quadros's resignation reached him. He started flying home but slopped oil In Paris.

He seemed to want to make sure what kind of reception to expect when he got hometrou-ble or open arms. ilvJI lo

Brazil IS a land of great wealth and enormous poverty.

In the northeast Communists had stirred the peasants to revolt. When Quadros became president seven months ago he inherited tremendous problems.

Brazil was In bad financial shape.

He himself was regarded as a consery^atYe financially. Burt from the start he gave Brazil a sense of movement: he Investigated government corruption, proposed tax reforms and ecomo-mles to balance the budget, fired some unneeded government workers.

These were some of his measures and they made enemies for him. When he resigned Friday be said he had wanted Brazil

In Brief

If you are sad because your son is away at camp, look at it this way: Youre not losing a son; youre gaining two turtles, a frog and a garter snake. Greenville (S-C.) Piedmont.

Prestdemial mcss secretary Pierre Salinger wishes people would quit talking about Cuba. He says the more we say about It the worse it gets. He thinks we ought to let It die In history. Celebrated blunders sometimes never die in history. More often theyre preserved and vastly magnified. The Daily Oklahoman.

(The Raleigh Times)

What 1ole, if any. should Par-ent-Teacher Associations play in North Carolinas current campaign tow^ard quality education?

That is a fair question, and it devserves some fair answers, some very specific answers Instead of the generalizations traditionally reserved for discussion of PTA functions. There is a real role for the PTA, if the PTA members themselves are willing to play it and if they insist on playing it.

Traditionally, PTA activities have been pretty well limited^ to a meet-the-teachers social at the start of the year, a campaign for 200 per cent membership, the urging of people to subscribe* to and perhaps even read the PTA magazine, and the raising of public moneys available. Many of these activities are strictly of the make-work variety.

Actually, there is a great deal the PTA can do this year which would really help the educators deliver more quality education. Whether the PTA would do such things depends on how determined the PTA is to do a real job.

Take the matter of inter-scholastic sDorts. for example. Do they take too much time from the players themselves? Is the football schedule arranged with one eye on the kind of schedule the team caJ3 play and still fit into the complete educational picture? Are the members of the teams required to maintain certain scholastic standards?

Are any games permitted, especially during basketball season, on school nights, which automatically robs the players and many of the other students of a night of homework? This question applies especially to Junior high schools.

Are the junior and senior high schools filled to real overflowing 'with school^-^atad cluba of one sort or another which interfere with school work? Some such clubs can be of value, but it is easy for them to stray

over the line and become little more than time-eating nuisances.

Are teachers burdened with too many extra-curricular duties, such as after-class supervision of such clubs and organizations? Are teachers burdened with too much in the line of chaperone roles at athletic contests? Are willing horses on the faculty ridden to death with such extra-curricular duties, while some others who object are permitted to do much less than their share?

Is there any at-the-top correlation of homework given by different teachers, so that a child wont be loaded down the same night by different teachers?

Is all the red-tape paperwork required of teachers necessary, or is at least some of it a carry-over from the old days and still done because it has always been done?

The asking of such questions by conscientious, careful PTA committees in each of our schools, and the careful writing down of the answers would help everyone concerned. It would open many a parental eye, for one thing, to' all the things a really good school requires. It would well result in the elimination of things which hurt the school, for a principal might have been riding along with a bad situation In, for example, athletics for fear of what public opinion might do to him if he corrected it.

Principals are just human' beings, and they wouldnt want to be made the subject of inquisitions by PTA committees by anybody else. But on the other hand, theyd welcome Intelligent questions from Intelligent people, and would welcome the help they could get from such people.

Frankly, the PTA hasnt covered itself with much resembling real glory in things educatlon-id. It has the opportunity to do so this yearif It will climb from the comfortable rut 10 which generations of disinterested parents have relegated It-

Safety

S.

'..s- First

lems of the individual teenager are perhaps the host serious of problems ... to that teenager. Adults may seem at times to minimize the severity of these problems as they appear when viewed through teenage eyes.

one fact, though, about high school teenagers does not quite fit into the confines of the normal variation law. Perhaps it should be called abnormal that an estimated 66 per cent of the youngsters entering the first grades in this state tomorrow will never receive a high school diploma.

Various problems that confront teenagers in high school are said to be responsible for the half that dont make it. Perhaps more concentration on the problems of the students could trim away a portion of that tragic figure.

Greenvilles Optimist Club, just last night, adopted a program called Stay-In-School aimed at affording consideration to the problems blamed for high school drop-outs.

In adopting the state-wide Optimist program on a local basis, the Optimists apparently have taken timely notice of several obtruded facts:

Nearly as many Tar Heel teenagers were listed as dropouts during the last school term as "Were handed graduation diplomas. About 45.000 graduated while more than 43.000 quit wUhLOjut_ receiving diplomas. Estimates have it that 45,000 will drop out this school year.

More and more employers

every day are requiring for employment an absolute minimum educatimial attainment of high school graduation. In decades past the high school diploma has been indeed a basic requirement, Today, It is virtually an absolute necessity. What

about four, eight. 4a sears

hence? ,1-

Droves of college gradvmtes

nowadays strive to earn postgraduate degrees. They feel a mere four-year course is Insufficient. Everybody these days is looking for a Masters before they hire, they say. How much more basic then is the high school diploma?

Every Tar Heel who buys food or Just about anything else is pouring money into an education enrichment program. Is this quality education aimed at bringing into clear focus a quality high school diploma ... for only half our school children?

The Optimists have dived headlong into the task of embracing the often-tender problems of the fledgling leaders of tomorrow. Those civic clubbers seem to hope a better percentage can be attained.

We share that hope.

By GEORGE E. 50K0LSKT

copyright. 1961, King Features Syndicate, Inc.

Business is business^ but the security of our nation is more Important. At the preset time, the United States haa an embargo on exports to Soviet Russia. Red China. Cuba and other Communist countries. This embargo is in the national interest. Congress has passed ^ Jixpbrt Control Act with a view to protecting the national interest.

The Secretary of Commerce is charged with the execution of this act and under it he issues licenses confidentially unless it is, in his judgement, in the na..-tional Interest to make such information public.

There are some who believe that all data concerning these licenses, including the name of the person or firm that applies lor and- 'received the license ' should be made public. The Secretary of Commerce, Luther H, Hodges, disagrees with this point of view. He holds:

By Identifying individual business firms, along with other pertinent data, vital information reflecting the trade and commercial position of each company would be revealed. This in turn could and likely would in many instances lead to disruptions of the normal competitive relationships betweem the many business firms in the export business at a time when it should be expanded. In addition, I feel that publication of toad information as to individual firms would particularly be of potential damiage to the smaller companies in the export business which are in the process of developing their overseas markets and gaining a toehold in a highly competitive business Activity.

It seems to me that this is a specious argument. The American people are entitled to know what American firms are trading with the enemy and why. There may be a sound rwson for such trade but we should know about it. The American people are also entitled to know what American firms have exported capital to European and Asiatic countries with the object of building plants which can trade with the enemy without restriction.

The publication of such information would not only startle people generally but would shock the stock-holders of such companies w'ho would suddenly discover that the enteiprlse which they own is engaged in trading with the enemy. Some of them may not believe that dollars are worth that much.

Secretary Hodges also says:

A point of more substance and I think of greater significance is thatfrom the national interestthe vital information is not what particular company has been licensed to export, but what decision has been made by the government to authorize what commodity to be exported to what country! In terms of the public interest and what should be of public concern it is far more important to know what commodity or item the government has approved for export to what particular country than it is to know the name of the individual business firm that has applied for and received an" export license.

The issue here, it seems to me, is not what is more or less important. It is rather that everything is important. The American people are entitled to know everything that goes on in this country and whatever effects them. The Berlin situation is a demonstration of the stupidity of secrecy and of the objection to criticism and debate. The more that is made public, the fewer will be the mistakes made in toie Interest of those who want government to serve particular rather than general welfare.

It is true that Secretary Hodges can point to his predecessor who set up the precedents which he Is following. However, it is to be noted that we are today paying a very heavy bl contracted by these same predecessors who failed to protect American interests. They were among those who made It possible for Soviet Russia to build a new Industry on the gifts from the United States, amounting to 111,000,000,000 during the war period and how much more has yet to be calculated.

The time has come to let the cat out of the bag. Let us know everything about what has been done to the economy of the

(Ck)nttnued <m page five)

SDectacular Demands On Oaera

Strength For Today

BrEAftrX......

LIFE IS THRILLING

TUenty-flve years after I had beeh graduated from coUege I decided to get out my diploma and have It framed. It had been wrapped up in a page torn from the New York Time* the summer of 1913,.

After a quick glance at the Latin rigmarole which declared that I had met the requirements of graduation, I glanced at the newspaper in which the diploma had been wrapped. It contained an article demonstrating beyond the shadow of a doubt that war In the modern world was Impossible. Just remember that this was the summer of 1913. Think of what haa happened since then.

I said to 'a young man recently wtio has had some almost unprecedented experiences

That Idea is. of cdfs: too fantastic for you to consider. He smiled and said: In my brief years I have seen so many astonishing things happen that nothing today appears fantastic to me. I want to look everything over and examine it.

Dont say about anything that It can't happen. You and I might well have iron collars about our necks within five years, or be blasted off the planet. Neither of these things are likely, but both are possible. It is also possible that we may during our lifetime see such a transforma-tioD of living conditions among men that future generations will refer to this as The 0(riden Age.

Life is so marvelously interesting, Any modern who says he Is bored should be committed ..to an inaaae asylum. Life and

Its possibilities are thrilling.

By EL.MER ROESSNER Culture or cash?

You may have heard that there wUl be no 1962 Metropoli-tah Opera season because management refuse te-toereaer the musicians pay from $170.13 to $248 a week. Of .course, by the time this Is printed, the Whole matter many be seUled. But the background is IntereaOni.

When it was first announced that the season would be cancelled, the screams were higher that E over hifh Cbut the tunes was do, do, do. Or dough.

The demands of the Musicians Union were indeed spectacular. Enough to make Jimmy Hofla turn over In the cab of his truck

SURPRISE Demands for such increases in the wage* of tearaalers, auto worker or schoolteachers wpuld have broken out cries *of Indignation. Well, there was a bit of Indignatlorr In New York, where the opera has headquart* era. But there was a aurprisini amount of support for the union.

Big corporations that are currently resisting unions' demands for rises of a few pennies a day. hardened denouncers of the greed dl organised labor, and thi most reactionary members of fssted wealth society have rushed to the defense of the fiddler

Art is art. they have been crying. It would be a cultural blow to America if the Met could not put on Its season. Let us realize the artistry and the cultural heritage these union hndslciani can bestow, they have-cried.

%0 WE LIKE CULTURE

This prove* that America it a country of culture. Or does it?

As a matter qf fact, the best seats at the Met go to the rich. The galleries, it is true, are crowded with pow art lovers. But the ones who reaUy hear opera as' it is sung (and played by the union > are those who can afford choice seats.

I If the iave4he-opera group agree* that -It is true, and the

facts prove it, they will argue that, although only a small part of the music lovers can get into the met. millions more can hear it on radio or television.

- Bure they -eatt,. But..the rer

ceiver^-are far from perfect and they burst forth 'with commercials. If the muslo lovers really want to hear pure tone and cant get to the Met, they can do far better by buying stereophonic record and a- record can be played at any time of day.

THE ANSWER T"^,

Why, then, are the millionaires rallying around the Met?

Some like it for show. The Met. you recaU, was the only place where one member of the Social Register could get his picture into the paper by standing on his head, It was one of the few placfis where blowsy dowagers could be photographed in arrays of furs and jewels. But thats a minor reason.

The real reason Is that the Met is biff buslneM. While It may operate at an annual loss,

It does attract big spenders from all over the world. It helps fill the lavish hotels and the gourmet restaurbate of New York. It brings in customers for the most expensive fashion and JftiytlTY itores on Fifth Avenue.

The Meuppolilan per fact, a big New York industry. The stakes are so big that even the moet reactionary antiun-ionlsts arc clamoring for a settlement with the mualclani. Whata a hundred a week to each of those boys compared with vacant tower suites or empty night clubs when The Season M In full swing?

GOVERNMENT MAKES KRAUT VERY EXPENSIVE DISH TTiie Federal government seized 6,312 cans of sauerkraut cm the grounds that each can was 0.2$ ounces short in weight. For the aggregate shortage of about 90 pounds of sauerkraut, the packer will either have to relabel or repack the contents at a coM of several hundred dollars. ThM wUl make the miselng kraut cost several dollara a pound-

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