Angnst 22, 1961.

For A Clearer Picfure Of The Need

Its Your Money Tree That Bums-

- VilKEN COMEOME STW?t$

The collection of data on school building needs of the 100 counties in North Carolina ordered by Gov, Sanford should not lead people to jump to the conclusion that North Carolina is going tb launch a state program to meet all those needs. -

The compilation of the data is important to the people of the state because it should give the citizen of each county a clearer picture of the school building needs of their individual county and at the. same time present a better picture of the overall needs of the state. The individual counties, however, should not delay the meeting of their needs ihsofar as their resources permit in the hope that the means for meeting these needs will be supplied from the state level.

At the outset of the 1961 legislative session, Gov. Sanford said he would delay for a state-wide bond issue for public school construction until it was determined whether a comprehensive federal aid to education program received the approval of Congress. It is almost a foregone conclusion now that there will be no such legislation passed before Congress adjourns Nit* current session.

Wide Variety

Of Conventions

By LYNN NISBET

CONVENTIONS-rNcn-th Carolina has long been recognized as one of the conventionists states in the union. More people spend more time attending conventions here than In most other areas. For that reason. North Carolinians will be especially interested in data compiled by the National Association of Travel Organizations on the value of group meetings.

Present conventions and trade shows are a direct outgrowth of the bazaars and market places of ancient times. Today, these expositions enable prospective customers to see the products of greatest interest to them at one time and in one place.

The trade show benefits the seller as well for he has an opportunity to display his wares before a captive and interested audience without' expanding his sales force, an expensive undertaking.

No better example of the benefits of convention.-) and trade shows exists than the city of Chicago and the northwest territory of the United States. Without exaggeration, the development of this area can be traced to the first national convention ever held in Chicagothe rivers and harbors conventloit which opened on July 5, 1847.

The specific purpose of this meeting was to devise a system of internal improvement upon Western lakes and rivers." It was highly successful. Abraham Lincoln attended the seeslons and was so encouraged by the discussions than he opened an office in Chicago. Much of the progress which followed this historic meeting was attributable to the attention and interest it created among Eastern investors and industrialists. Once alerted to the possibilities of the Northwest. they helped it grow and prosper.

There are as many types of conventions as there are organizations staging them. All of them, however, will fall into one f the following major categor-tea:

Educaticm: engineering and

cientlflc; fraternal and social; labor unions; local, itate and federal officials; professional (doctors, lawyers, etc.); religious; specialized business; social service; trade associations; veteran and military.

These conventions are held on ^e loct. state, regional, national and, in recent years, inler-ational levels. The frequency varies from weekly or monthly meetings to the large annual, biennial or quadrennial conventions.

The cwjventlon and ilmilar busless and professional meet-, ings is an American innovation. It provides the best method of assemblig -Individuals with similar Interests at the state, regional, national and interna-ti<ial levels to discuss and consider matters of mutual concern

ad to advance their common welfare.

When combined with a trade show, as it so often is, the convention can be likened to a university with its program of study courses. The business and study sessions are the curriculum; the trade show, its laboratory.

Over the years the exchange of ideas and discussion of mutual problems which takes place at a convention has contributed immeasurably to the industrial, technical and cultural progress of America. Because of their value to all concerned the number of conventions held in this country has steadily increased and so has attendance.

It has been estimated that more than 75,000 conventions of all kind.5 are held each year In this country. An estimated 10,-000,000 persons attend them.

BIG BUSINESS--i The people who attend these sessions need transportation 4o and from convention cities and food and lodg-Ig when they arrive. The convention sponsors must provide a site for the meeting, printed material. meals and entertainment. Exhibitors in trade shows must ship in their displays, erect them and man them. All these individuals and activities are part of a conv^ention and all of them involve the purchase and sale of goods and services.

Conventions are now an important economic factor and bu.si-ness opportunity In every important city of this nation. They are beneficial, not only because of the results the sessions bring forth, but because of the prosperity they create. Every dollar put in circulation by a convention in a community aids that community and its citizens.

Up to now, only conventions have been discussed ^by all "group business has the same beneficial effects. Group business. in a hotel sense, includes everything from a national political convention to a party of local business men meeting as luncheon or a visiting executive using his suite to meet an associate.

Group business includes that newest of business meetings, the sales meeting designed to train and stimulate sales forces. As competition grows keener, sales meetings increase in number. Their purpose is the same boost sales and rising sales means a growing national economy. Just as conventions have begotten specialists in staging and programming them, so can sales meetings for experienced salesmen become jaded without fresh approaches to the selling of their products. There are highly specialized and prosperous businesses that exist today for the sole purpose of staging sales meetings, just as there are firms of convention managers.

All of this Involved in conventions, in sales meetings in group businessIs a multl-blUion dollar Industry.

The Daily Reflector

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- The Reflector said editorially at the time of Gov.

; Sanfords announcement on the matter that we felt it was a mistake for North GaroUna to wait on action of the federal government before it took its own steps to meet whatever school buding needs existed. We still hold to that view.

It is our further opinion that Gov. Sanford, by urging the counties of the state now to make all possible efforts to meet their (school building) needs this fall is asking the counties to follow a course which he was not disposed to propose for the state a few months ago.

Unfortunately, we fear, too many counties, with the idea that the Governor will propose a major statewide school bond issue, might adopt a wait-and-see attitude before proposing bond elections of their own to meet their school building heeds. That was what Gov. Sanford did several months ago with regard to the proposed federal aid to education program.

It is important, we think, that every county of the state take whatever measures are reasonably within its school building needs through its own financing. Further, it is important that if and when any statewide bond issue is considered for school buildings, the counties which have made the greatest effort to meet their own needs be given favorable consideration in thedistribution of any state funds for such purposes.

A state-wide bond issue for school buildings maybe needed to bring North Carolinas public schools up to the standard which the people of the state desire. But if that is the case it should be because it is beyond the capacities of the individual counties to meet their own school needs; not because the counties are not willing to meet their needs with their own resources.

Quietly, But Surely

Influenced Our State

Citizen'

Of This

Country

By HENRY HOWARD

Men of the calibre of Lt. Governor Cloyd Philpott are rare indeed in North Carolina or any other state. When death suddenly snatches one from the public scene it is, as Gov. Sanford so aptly said of Philpott, a shattering blow.

Few men in modern political history in North Carolina have so quietly, yet so surely influenced the course of the state and its progress as did Cloyd Philpott in recent years. There can be no question that he .was headed for higher office and greater public service to the state.

His death leaves a void among the leadership which will not be easily filled. It is not so much from the standpoint of the office which he held at the time of hi.s death, but rather from the standpoint of the influence he had in charting the course of North Carolinas affairs and helping to steer the state to a higher plain of government.

Cloyd Philpott w-as the kind of leader who did not thrust him.self upon his fellows in responsibile position or upon the people of the state. He was a man who resorted to persuasion, a man who took his position carefully and calmly after weighing the merits of the particular situation involved. But once he had determined the stand he would take, he followed his course without swerving, seeking to prepare and carry out a program that he was convinced was in the best interest of the people of North Carolina.

In the highest sense of the term, he was much more a public servant than a politician in high office.

New Fashions Scuttlec,

Average folks with the change of just about every season have another occasion to ^deplore the rapidly-changing world of fashion.

They begin their lamentations because they say theyve ^ been hit where it hurtsthe poc-ketbook. And, they say, the hit dog hollers loudest of all.

When the weather changes, the fashion bosses and governors always have something delightful and expensively new to dangif- before the longing eyes of the average "clotheshorse public.

As the season Is about to change again, the new fall fashions are just before flooding counters and display windows all over the place.

It was In this connection that we were kicking around the other day this idea of new fashions and the related expense at such frequent intervals.

Surprisingly, we learned that what we experience these days

Is mild compared to some new fashion ideas that have plagued the clothes-conscious public^ in past fashion seasons.

It is apparent that the governors of fashion keep close watch over the periodical fluc-tuStlions of the general economy. On the heels of a boom yeax for everybody in general, the fashion world dumps a host of new ideas out for the public to buy for drapes then next fashion season. If things didnt go so well, the new fashions are not so plentiful.

In- other words, the experts seek to squeeze from the fashion consumer all he can afford. . . f05jiew fashions. And its a delicate balance, because, if the public could afford to be only halfway fashionable in any particular season, they would simply rebel. This would be disastrous for the fashion governors pocketbooks, because ole public just wouldnt buy any new fashions at all. "All or noth

ing, theyd likely say.

In our discussion of this situation, we learned that such a thing has indeed occurred.

Judge Dave House over at the courthouse recalled the fashion flood of 1920 while he was a student at Duke.

He remembered a flourishing economy during 1919. Everybody had plenty of new fashions. And, of course, the 1919 fashions included the high, stiff collar, bell-bottomed trousers, high-topped shoes, etc.

The fashion world took note of this boom year and sprung a complete turnabout on the public. What they hadnt anticipated? The ole bottom fell out of everything just about the time the flood of new fashions hit the stores.

Seaaratina Of

Other Editors Saying . . ke And Disarmament

Tabbed for smashing successes by the fashion designers and merchandisers were such items as low-cut slippers, new-type collars, slim-line trousers. . .They shot the whole works.

But, on the other hand, the whole works was also shot, . . and shot dead.

Oream, Reality

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) - If you read the fine print in Vice President Lyndon B. Johnsons pep talk to the West Berliners, youll notice the distinction being made between dream and reality, but not as bluntly as stated here.

Its the kind of distinction which might make peaceful settlement of the Berlin rumpus a little more possible.

The dream is that the Communist government of East Germany doesnt exist and that divided Germany can be reunited. The reality is that It does exist and that Germany wont be reunited any time soon.

When Communists sealed off East Berlin with barbed wiie to atop the flood of East German refugees to West Berlin last week depressed West Berlin complained because the Allies did nothing more than protest.

There could hardly have been direct Intervention without war with the Soviet Union.

So President Kennedy sent Johnson over to boost morale and promise American support in protecting West Berlinbut not East Berlinfrom communism.

Johnson delivered the message But. while saying nothing at all about active support for the East Germana, he did say this: In the short run, the barbed wire is there and it will not go away by a wave of the hand. But in the long run this unwise effort wUl faU.

"Lift your eyes from these barriera and ask yourselves: Who can really believe that history

will deny Geraiany and Berlin their natural unity?

In other words: The Allies will not interfere in what happens in East Germany, and any unification of the two Germanys must remain a long hope only.

What history does make clear is that the allies do not consider East Germany or East Berlin a problem to fight over. Their hands-off performance now is only a repetition of 1953.

That year anti-Communist Germany revolted, the Russians smashed them with tanks, and the allies did nothing.

To the allies, their real problem is to keep the Communists from closing off West Berlin, whose 2Va million people, 110 miles inside Communist East Germany, give their allegiance to the West.

The Allies have refused to recognize the East German CommunistsSoviet puppets but hardly more so than the other satellite governmentsas the legitimate rulers of East Germany.

To do so would be to agree to the permanent division of Germany, which Is the last thing "'West German Chancellor Adenauer wants. So the West has kept needling Premier Khrushchev to permit unification, knowing Its the last thing he wants.

It makes good propaganda, but It solves nothing. And there is some irony in It. ,

The Allies, because of agreements, with Moscow, claim the right to keep troops in West Berlin. And allied military sup-(Continued on Page 6)

(Rocky Mount Telegram)

Dwight Elsenhower has been suggested as the man to head the 15-member advisory committee that would be set up to aid a proposed U.S. disarmament agency. The suggestion came from a Democrat Sen Clark of Pennsylvania, who said of the former President:

"Nothing could give greater hope and status. No living American is more dedicated to the cause of peace than our former President."

We quite agree. Aside from Eisenhowers zeal for peace, his experience as a multi-nation commander in World War II, his later command of NATO and his. years in the White House, all make him extremely qualified for such a post.

One of the pities of American politics is that so many of our former top leaders are allowed to be turned out to pasture. Their abilities go to waste; their vast experience benefits no one. In this era we have three former Presidents. Herbert Hoover has kept busy over the years, serving his fellow man. Harry Truman has not engaged in any public duties, although it was suggested that he might make a likely candidate for Senate. He rejected the idea.

Now comes an opportunity to use the prestige, ability and experience of the third former Chief Executive. It has not been indicated whether Eisenhower would accept, but in years past he has found it difficult to turn down a call to duty. President Kennedy has plans for a perman

ent disarmament agency. Urgency in the matter has been noted, due to the present Berlin crisis and the fact that Red China is expected 10 have nuclear bombs before long.

Trevor Gardner, a former defense research official, told Sen-nate hearings that neither Russia nor the U.S. can produce a decisive weapons advantage- Congress should make certain the same urgency and scientific talent can be applied toward reduction and control of weapons which can destroy mankind.

As clearly as everyone un(jer-stands the folly of using nuclei^ weapons, the mystery is why this country has waited so long about setting up some sort of permanent disarmament organization. Certainly it is worth the effort.

"Instead, we have made sporadic efforts over the years since World War II. A steady, persistent, consistent effort should be made through such a permanent agency to reach agreement with Russia and others on some disarmament solution.

A man of Eisenhowers stature would help immeasurably get the program off the ground. If there is any objection to naming Eisenhower It wont come from the White House because it is widely known that John Kennedy respects and admires the former President. Political Issues would not be involved since disarmament is a bipartisan project. Refusal by Eisenhower himself is prolmbly the only roadblock. After years of public service, Ik may feel he owes himself a few years of private, leisure time.

At least that was true on the Duke campus, Dave House remembers.

"Nobody had any money to .speak of . . . especially none to buy all those new clothes, he recalls. "To be in style, a fella would have to buy a whole new wardrobe.

So, the consequences? Judge Dave remembers how every boy^ on campus changed his entire wardrobe. But the students didnt buy the fashions. He says every last one of them, for the entire spring of 1920, wore to class, to church, downtown, everywhere they went, blue denim bibbed overalls with matching jackets. . .and brogans.

Maybe we these days aint seen nothing yet.

Forum

To The Editor

I overheard the following conversation between a cafe proprietor and a high school student who the proprietor had hired for the summer: Proprietor; "You come here and cook this order of bacon and eggs.

New Help; T dont know how to fry eggs; but I can scramble them.

Prop; Well, Ill cook the eggs here take this knife and cut these pies In five equal slices.

New help; I cant cut them in five slices, will four dices be OK.

Prop.: (After a look of disgust) What did they teach you in school?

.- D. D. Garrett

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright, 1961, King Features . Syndicate, Inc.

A reader writes to me:

"Back ha November 1943, as I was being inducted into the United States Army, a woman typist was filling out my service record. When she inquired as to my nationality, I stated American. She was SHOCKED! She said that the only Americans were American Indians and I didnt appear to be Indian.

"I recall we had quite a discussion before I relented and stated I was of German descent. I still insisted my nationality was American. She inserted German in the space allotted for nationality.

"We as a nation, are attempting to abolish racial segregation here in the United States. W stress freedom of religion. The phrase regardless of race, creed or color is used in thousands of speeches, sermons and the like. Then whyoh, whydo we insist on specifying a persons nationality by using his parents, grandparents, or great-grandparents nationality?

The question is an excellent one. It uncovers an astonishing defect in our attitude toward citizenship. It has stimulated an assumption of minority attitudes, when as a matter of fact this nation recognizes no mino , itles; the Constitution only deals with individuals.

When the President appoints a Judge to- any federal court, it is reported that the person is a Jew or a Catholic or a Ne^o, when as a matter ofwct, these designations are incidkatal to the person being an American. The Constitution does not provide that a Jew or a Catholic or a Protestat or a Negro or an Anglo-Saxon be appointed to judicial office; It does require that such a person be a citizen of the United States, that is, an American.

The woman who in 1942 was shocked that a man should say that he is an American was 1-informed. For an American is what the Constitution says is an American, not what this typist t.hinif.< is one. And what the Constitution says is:

All persons bom or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

The woman was, at the moment, an official of the American government; yet she falsified his service record by describing him as a German although he was born in the United States. I often experience this ^ sort of nonsense because of my name. When I am asked if I am a Russia. I hasten to deny an unpalatable allegation. I was born in Utica, New York, and therefore am as American as a Cabot or a Lodge.

I have never recognized the need to apologize for my origin; in fact, I find great comfort and pride in being an American by citizenship, a Jew by religion. What better heritage can a man want?

The gossip columns, in recent years, seem to have specialized in the foibles and improprieties of foreigners who advertise themselves as significant because they inherited a title and had an ancestor who accomplished something. Some of these personalities are truly without nationality, for they have been deprived of their own by revolution and have not gained any other by legitimate means.

Those whose names appear with majestic appellations are, of course, not Americans. For w'e have no dukes or counts or other exhibitionistic terminology to define our people. We go as far as calling one a doctor or a general or something functional like that. Among us nobody is really important except by his own achievements and perhaps a mans best achievement is to have' been bom an American. This Is a very fitting time to jsay Just that. We might write it to Khrushchev on a ppst card.

Too many of us have receded into a sickening apologetic position, I once was at a dinner when an Englishman who is no great shakes at home was being duly dined and we all got into a heated argument about something or other, when one among us began to apologize for what the rest were saying. He could not permit an Englishman to believe that an American can differ from him. Subsequently, the Englishman told me that he (Continued Page 6)

A Potentially Hot Controversy

Strength For 'Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS PROPER SPEECH

From the time we open our eyes in the morning until we close them at night, we are almost continuously engaged in conversation varying from sentences to long discourses. The billty. therefore, to speak well is something to which everyone should give attention.

A month of study will enable even a person who has lacked educational advantages to learn the basic requirements of proper speech. Nothing classifies a person more definitely than his inability to apeak his own language correctly, and there is no reason why be should ffot do so. Early home influences may have left a profound impression upon his nervous system leading him all the time in the direction of ungrammatical sentences and poorly pro

nounced words. But this can all be overcome and reversed. A person aged 70 can overcome it. not as quickly but as effectively as a person of 17.

The greatest book ever written was the Bible. The next most useful bood is the Unabridged Dictionary. The most compelling of all laws are the moral laws of God. The most compelling of all secular regulations is the reqiement that iM person speak his native language well. Good speech is usually simple speech. The simplicity of our Lords parables, of John Banyans "Pilgrims Progress, and of Lincoln's Gettysburg Addresss demonstrates simple language effectively employed.

Get busy! Lesm to speak correctly and effectively. You will find it a thrilling study and employment-

By ELMER ROESSNER Want to get in on the potentially hottest business controversy of the year?

A finance and investment expert for one of the countrys leading banks has advised the nations big chemical manufao-turers to make consumer products themselves insteaO of sell-ling their materials to fabricators and processors.

The expert who has just thrown out this hot potato is Dr. Roland P, Soule, consultant and former vice-president in charge of research and planning for the Irving Trust Co. of New York. In effect, he is telling the chemical producers to get in there and compete with their own customers.

What makes his challenge especially significant it that it'appeared in the authmltative "Chemical And Engineering News. the pubUcation of the American Chemical Society. ENORMOUS POSSIBILITIES You can see what such a development could mean to thousands of fabricators* large and

small, who now take chemwal materials and shape them Into everything from refrigerator parts to medicines.

Suppose one of the huge chemical manufacturers decides to press Its acetophenetidin Into little pills itself, Inatead of just selling it to scores of manufacturers of brand-name pain relievers? Or his own brand of detergent, paint, fertilizer, upholstered furniture, body deodorant, insecticide or any one of thousands of other products that stem from the vast chemical Industry?

Dr. Soule's reason for this proposal is Simple and prevailing: Money. He concludes that the industry needs to take this step to accelerate its growth, boo its dwindling profits and recaps ture the interest of Investors.

.TradRienally,. .chemlctl companies have been producers of intprmediatef and semlfinishwl goods, accordfhg to Dr. Soule. But there are too many precedents and recent moves toward manufacture of end products, not to consider Closely the possible

effects of his analysis.

CITES CASES

He points out that Du Pont has long benefited from a pro^ duct structure heavily weighted by consumer items. The phenomenal growth of Minnesota Mining 6i Manufacturing Co. is another example of a company that successfully fabricates end products along with intermediates.

Other recent examples of this thrust into branded products are Union Carbides acquisition of Visking, Dow Chemicals marriage with Dobeckmen and Cyna-mlds mating with Formica. Slm-Uarl:!^, numerous ethical-drug manufacturers recently have merged with packagers of proprietaries to gain the benefits of trade-market specialties.

There are potentially handsome rewards for chemical companies who develop a business in end products, the report advises. Profit margins of consumer goods are both higher and more stable than those of raw or semifinished materials. Also, branded end products are far less vulnerable than chemical stamples.

both to price compefltion and obsolescence.

COMPETE OR DIE

Dr. Soules proposal is based on a long look at the industry. Ten years ago large chemical firnns enjoyed a rapid growth rate and a 30 to 50 per cent premium in price-to-earnings over the average of Dow-Jones industrial stocks.

But recently, says Dr. Soule, the industry has lost many of the bulwarks of its high profit marginsrestricted raw materials, secret processe. complex technology and large capital need.

Long the Invader of other \a-dustries, it has been invaded iU self by domestic firms not previously making chemical products, and also by foreign chem* leal companies.

Some might argue that the chemical companies don't have the merchandising know-how to go into the cofisumer-goodli business. Dr. Soule has an answer to that too. Hes advising them to start separate companies for nd products and hife fellowa like you to run them.