Wednesday, August 9, 1961

In the Rosy Red Future

Cant Be Lulled By Nikitas Tone

Premier Khrushchev's proposal that East and yest negotiate in an honest way to settle the Berlin question suggests again that the Kremlin is anxious to avoid open conflict over the divided German city. At the same time the experience of the United States in attempting to negotiate with Russia in recent years raises the serious question of whether the Soviets know the meaning of negotiating in an honest way.

While the Soviet leader firmly asserted the military power of the Soviet Union and its satellites during his speech in reply to that of President Kennedy, he adopted a softer tone in his words to the West than many had expected. He spoke of the new Soviet space success, but did not boast of it as might have been expected.

In tone and in overall scope, the address of Premier Khrushchev was much less militant in setting forth the Soviet polition on Berlin than one might have supposed in view of what he has said in recent months on the game subject. It might well be that the communist spokesman was siriving to lull the West and the neutral nations of the world into a false sense of se

curity by minimizing the seriousness of. the situation in Berlin.

Over the years the Soviets have adopted an outwardly tough policy on a particular matter, then apparently softened their tone and later abruptly returned to a harshly militant position with regard to the same matter. It is not unlikely that this is the strategy being employed by Premier Khrushchev with regard to Berlin. a

In the face of the previous statements. President Kennedy has reiterated the determination of the United States to defendwith force if necessary its rights in West Berlin and its obligation to the people of that city. He has ordered measures to bolster the U.S. military strength to cope with any effiergency which may arise in connection with Berlin. It could well be that Premier Khrushchev sought in his milder-than-expected speech to throw the West off guard and to assume the rple of peace-maker rather than aggressor so far as Berlin is concerned. If. the West

falls for the bait and fails to carry out its preparations

- - * -

T^l m Y^ "XT other hand, the West goes through with

C j I If Ilf If X V-J V preparedness program, there is a good possibility

that the Soviets will maintain the present attitude

to defend Berlin, if necessary, we may be sure that Khrushchev will renew his press for a showdown in Germany.

7or Next Test

By LYNN N1SBET

MANEUVERING This i the season for backstage and un> publicized political activity. The major parties and the factions within the parties are maneuvering for positions of advantage In the elecUoQs next yearand more significantly in 1964.

The issues are not very clear* ly d^ined. There Is the age-old conflict of conservative and liberal phibsophy, but the dividing lines between these ideologies become more hazy every year. S<mie ideas that were crazy-liberal a few years ago are now regarded as ultraconservative.

To greater degree than at any time within 30 years personalities are involved in the current political maneuvering. Governor Terry Sanford has moved In. with more or less deliberate in-teny, to take over control of the Democratic party organization, as well as control of the State government administration. That is a elgnificant development. because it has never happened before.

For many years Senator Simmons was creditied with the power to name governors, but he never served in that capacity. Max Gardner did not achieve recognition as a dominant influence in the party until after he left the Governor's office. Governor Scott had very little influence In party organization circles, and Governor Hodges paid slight attention to the Democratic party as suchcertainly during the firrt two years of his tenure.

Governor Sanford not only is taking a great deal of Interest in the organization, he has assumed direction of it and has Intermingled State government and party administration personnel to greater degree than any recent executive.

TIMING An astute and experienced poUticil operator was asked the other day if his group Is getting actively interested in the 1962 campaign. Of course, we are active, he said, but we aint making much show about it. Right now we are letting you smart aleck newsboys enjoy younselves sending up our trial balloons, while ws are considering such basic things as issues and candidatesand most of all the appropriate time for breaking them out into the open."

*nmlng is a major problem. Older and more conservative operators are prone to wait too long, to let the propitious time go by because of fear that pre-cii^tate action might disrupt a long range plan. Enthusiastic youngsters, whose zeal has not been toned down by experience, are eager to go ahead with an all-out challenge. These are the folks who want to bring out a candidate right now against Senator Sam Ervin and other members of the Congress and the Gen

eral Assembly who do not completely adhere to the philosophy of Governor Terry Sanford. These are the folks who say, In effect, were in the saddle lets ride.

A more conservative element would move cautiously, waiting to get more accurate data on how the Sanford tax and government organization programs are accepted; perhaps not risk an all-out contest in 1962 but wait until 1964 when the stakes will be much greater. At least wait until after the bond election this fall to see How the voters respond to that phase of the Sanford program! An unfavorable . vote on the bonds, or h major part of them, would be* regarded as a Sanford set-back. There has been noticeable decline in public sentiment for a special session of the General Assembly to submit $75-100 million bonds for State aid to a school building program.

PARTY LINE - VoUng on _^nd Issues jwill be entirely non-pariisan. For a good many years the Republican vote has represented about one-third of the total cast for Governor. Last year it was about 45 per cent. That narrow margin suggested necessity' for strengthening the Democratic party organization First step in that direction was moving in of Governor Sanford to assume active leadership. Ivext was to have a committee appointed to completely rewrite the Party Plan of Organization.

The proposed new plan will be submitted to the executive committee within a few weeks for adoption. Some of the changes can be classed as revolutionary. More consideration will be given the voting precinct level, much more Influence accorded the county chairman. Leaked Information indicates that women will have perhaps less book prestige but actually a great deal more voice in party affairs. Deadwood will be culled and the men and women who do the leg-work at the voting precincts will have more say-eo in determlnng party policy.

There are some who would like to give this new organia-tional structure time to prove Itself before throwing it into a life and death struggle. Others think it will be wise to give the new system a work-out test next year, when the stakes are not as high as they will be in 1964.

BACK-STAGE - These are some of the matters that are being seriously dlscu.ssed in non-publlcized back-stage conferences. On the surface there is nothing but harmony. Behind the scenes there is a real struggle among divergent elements for control of the Democratic party. And almost as much contest among Republicans, for whom the smell of victory is more acute than it has been for a generation.

toward negotiation.

Khrushchev's speech this week bears out the importance of the assertion by President Kennedy that the United States will not allow itself to be put into the position of negotiating from weakness rather than from strength on any international question. The possibilities of resolving the Berlin question through negotiations have been increased rather than decreased by the action taken by President Kennedy in recent weeks.

There is no escaping the fact, however, that the Berlin crisis is still in the making. In spite of the seemingly hopeful words of Premier Khrushchev regarding negotiations, it is not likely that the Russian Bear is willing to roll over and play dead so far as Berlin is concerned.

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,:rom

lUroDe

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKT

Copyright, 1961, King Features Syndicate. Inc.

As early as tbe Potsdam Con-lerence (July 17, 1945) Stalin made R clear that Soviet Rus-si* would oppose the particlpap tkm of (Mna in Eun)ean and world affairs, desiste the fact that China had been at war with Japan since September 1931. Had China not kept Japan occupied. it is likely that the Japanese, using Manchuria as a bese, would have conquered Manchtffia as a base, would have conquered Mongolia and parts of Sibwia as far east as Lake Baikal.

As a matter of fact. Japan had been active in that region since 1917 and It was only American Intervention that saved both Russian and Chtoese territory. Nev-erthcleasi Soviet Russia never went into the Par Eastern War until it was over and then came in for the spoils.

So on July 16, 1945, when Stalin, Churchill and Truman were

By DON SCHLIENZ

Constant-Friend Grass

Mostly Talking Abou

i aiKing

By JAMES MARLOW

The Duly Reflector

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WASHINGTON (AP) At this point the average citizen in America and the Soviet Union may be wondering why the United States and Russia don't start talking about Berlin instead of talking about talking.

President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev have talked repeatedly of their willingness to have Amerlcan-Russian discussions on the German city but any start of such discussions still seems a long way off.

Its as if the two giants of the worldthis country and Russia had to go into a slow waltz every time they heard the Berlin music played. They went through pretty much the same routine in 1958 and 1959.

Since Khrushchev started the rumpus last June 3-4 at his Vienna meeting with Kennedy by demanding once again the allies get out of Berlinthere may have been yards and yards of American notes, Soviet notes, allied notes.

So far neither side has made a direct suggestion to the other that they sit down together and get moving.

Khrushchev in his speech Monday nightaddressed to the Soviet people but aimed at Kennedy-played a kind of hot weather Santa Claus. He had a UtUc of something for everybody.

As usual he warned the United States It would get Its come-up-pance If It started a war. But he also said lets not create hysteria and proposed: "Lets it down around a table and negotiate in an honest way.

He complimented Kennedy for showing common sense in wishing to avoid war but at the same time said the United States and its allies are pushing the world to a dangerous brink.

This speech was in reply to one Kennedy gave July 25 on Berlin. The Presidents talk of that date reportedly angered Khrushchev. If so, it didnt show up in Mondays talk which was .notable for two things:

1. It showed much more restraint than Khrushchev has used at other times.

2. Xt gave an impression when he noted Kennedys decision to build up the American armed forcesthat this whole thing might get out of hand.

Kennedys July 25 talk was obviously intended both to show Khrushchev the idlies would not back down on Berlin and to cool him off a bit. Khrushchev appeared a little cooled.

Nevertheleee, this liituation if beginning to look like one in which one word could lead to another until both aides got In deeper than they wanted or expected.

Too much has been said on both aides now to remember It ell without a file. But if you

had such a file some of Khrus-chevs performance at this point w'ould look almost giddy in acoomplishing what he said he wanted to avoid.

Last June 28 he said that if the West called for mobilization of its armed forces the Soviets would take the necessary steps to strengthen our security.

Ten days passed in which the West did no mobilizing. Then suddenly on July 8 Khrushchev said Russia had suspended troops reductions, promised a couple of years ago, would jump Its defense spending 25 per cent this year.

In the face of this Kennedy on July 25 proposed building up the American strength a bit by adding 217,000 men to the regular forces, plus a call-up of an unspecified number of reservists, plus increased military spending. ,

Then Monday, Khruishchev, complaining about this, said Russia may mobilize its reserves and send more troops to its western border.

In that July 25 speech Kennedy very clearly sought to put Khrushchev on the propaganda defensive by blaming Moscow for building up trouble.

Kennedy said: The world is not deceived by the Communist attempt to label Berlin a hotbed of war. There is peace in Berlin today. The source of world trouble and tension today is In Moscow, not Berlin. And if war begins, it will have begun in Moscow, not Berlin.

This statement was relayed around the world. Khrushchev naturally tried to get out from under this Indictment by one of the most ancient forms of diplomatic tltrfor-tat.

He tried to dump the blame back on Kennedy, saying: The United States Is threatening to start a war. Its allies in the w'eatem bloc support this dangerous course.

Theres a faint suspicion in the back of my mind we lawn-growers have been brainwashed. Contrary to a lot of disturbing talk about crab grass, it has some virtues.

Somebody with an ax of their own to grind, teed off the smear campaign with the naming of the grass crab grass. , .a distasteful word image if I ever saw one, ________

A more appropriate name might be the constant friend grass: because constancy Is not only its middle name, but also Its last name and maybe even its first.

The householder labors to rid himself of a patch of crab grass and then rests. When he returns he is more than likely to find constant friend grass was not rebuffed. , .but as green and friendly as ever.

Others have marveled at the breed.

The Wall Street Journal recently editorialized that at this time of year a good crop of crab grass can give you the greenest lawn on the street at almost no cost of time, money.

or effort. And the only blemish on your joy is the fact that it wont last beyond September. That newspaper goes on to suggest that science should strive to provide crab grass with greater resistance to cool weather, rather than fighting it, and thus give Americans a Utopian quality of lawn greenery.

The writer on Wall Street (whera no grass grows) has a point.

Crab grass is resistant to most kinds of blight and can fight weeds to a stand-off. It spreads well and rapidly. . .other grasses just have to give way before so hardy a rival.

When all else fails to cover a barren spot of ground, crab grass will do the job.

Yet, this is the Gift of Nature w'hich is depicted as some sort of monster.

(The crab grass will get you if you dont watch out!)

I have been sitting out the anti-crab grass campaign for years and years. Neighbors would tell of their struggles, and purists on the grassy lawn front have 'written long accounts

of the crab grass evil.

It left me cold. Crab grass was somebody elses problem, not mine.

Last week I strolled out to survey the front lawn where in bygone days the costly seed of a highly-approved grass had been spread.

Sure enough. The grass you spell with dollar signs was in a bad way; but th crab grass?

Flourishing.

Absolutely flourishing.

If you can't beatem, you joinem.

No, crab grass is not going to become any problem at our house. We rather need a grass that .can take punishment, requires a minimum amount of care, is resistant to many kinds of lawn problems and flourishes under all kinds of difficult conditions. We should have more in the backyard.

Just can'funderstand why it isnt cultivated.

But then, it It were, crab grass would probably fall easy prey to all the other frailties in accepted grassea.

Other Editors Saying... Now Looking Homeward

Opinions In Brief

Quote...

In his speech commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev emphasized the success so far of Russia but demanded that the people work, work, work for further success. Work alone is the source of the wealth of society and the wealth of every man, he declared. Now we dislike everything about the Communist's line of chatter, but believe the group in this country which seeks shorter hours, lest production, higher wages, higher unemployment benefits, etc., would do well to think over his ending phrase. Fountain (Colo.) Advertiser.

(Goldsboro News Argus)

A goodly number of the best Tar Heel teachers who took jobs In other states to get more money now ere looking homeward.

The pay raise of approximately 21 percent authorized by the last General Assembly for teach-em is pulling on the displaced Tar Heels.

They went from North Carolkia by the hundreds to states which paid teachers much more than we did for training, experience and ability. The one-fifth pay raise for the experienced and properly qualified teacher cuts to an estimated hlf the differential between North Carolina salary and some other state salary schedules.

While the boost in recent appropriations fails to bring our teacher pay into the top salary brackets for the states, it will *go far toward setting up conditions which will pull the immigrants home.

Dr. Charles Carroll, state superintendent of public instruction. already had news coming to nls office from city and county superintendents as to the look homeward trend among teachers who have left us. Raleigh City Superintendent Je&se O. Sanderson told his board a day or so ago that inquiries about Jobs from former Tar Heels now working elsewhere were largw for the period of time than he had known.

Dr. Amos Abrams, editor of the

N.C. Education magazine, said more than a month ago that in one morning three displaced Tar Heels had called by the Raleigh office to make iaiqudry about possible home state openings.

Pull impact of the ending of the wage differential, however, will not be felt until the start of the school year in September of 1962. Most particularly choice teaching assignments in North Carolina already had been filled before the final lactment of the Sanford education program. Most displaced Tar Heels working in higher paying states already had signed contracts for the year be-giimig in a few weeks. Many of these will be !looking around during the coming school year with a view to coming home another year.

Increased salaries are not alone In putting a nostalgic pull on our natives who migrated. The quality program authorized will enable the conscientious teacher to do a better job under more favorable conditions. The special helps of more library service, office help, special teachers for the talented and the handi-cappped will take strain and unnecessary burden off the classroom teacher and enable her to do a better job.

The homeward bound trend will help lessen any teacher shortage and five school boards more top teachers to select from.

As fellow Democrats concerned for the partys Integrity, we hate to disillusion Governor Sanford. But far from regarding the Madison libel trial as an object lesson, the Republicans we know consider it a valuable campaign issue they can exploit in the next election. As do wc.The Asheville Citizen. ^------------- --------------

Capatalism is not a dirty word. The men who built the' railroads and banks and insurance companies and industries that have made the American people the most productive, the most comfortable, the most resourceful and most reliable in the world were not do-gooders. They were capitalists. Sen. John O. Tower (Tex.)

It ta^es a smart man to realize when he has made a foolish mistake. Crawrford-ville (Oa.) Advocate-Democrat.

The ills of Latin America are so great that less ttuin a united front will be of no avail in the struggle to pull the Latin area up by its bootstraps. Rocky Mount Telegram.

The first rule of military maneuver is not to underestimate the enemy. One must presume the worst and plan to cppe with It.-Richmond News Leader.

meeting at Potsdam to discuss matte, the following colloquy occurred:

Stalin; ... I would like an explanation of the reason for Chmas perttoipatton in European affairs. o

Truman: China is one of the five members of the Security Council.

Stalin: The decision taken at Crimea provided for quarterly conferences of the foreigp^ecre-taries. Does President Tnlnans suggestion supersede the Crimea proposal?

Truman: The Crimea proposal was tcroptMW. . Churchill: ... I think it a needless complication to bring China in. When it comes to drawing up the peace, all countries must come tn. The preliminary work cannot be done by telegram. I am content that China should be admitted to drawing up the geoeral provisions for peace but not for the day to day work. China is far from Europe and has not contributed to the European war. Do you really wish to discuss the administration of Germany with the Chinese delegation? So, Qdna was pushed out of the meetings -where it would lave been possible for China to protect herself and her interests. In fact, Winston Churchill aided the Russians ki this matter. He said:

Until the Japanese war is over I see gr^t difficulty In Chinas having a voice in the trying problems of Europe. I see no advantage in introducing China with the European settlement. They have not foc^t in Europe. It is possible that while the Ckmn-cil is sitting, the war with Japan wiU end. Then Ctuna can and should come into the World Peace Conferen<5e. I do not see that China could Iwlp us in set tling the question of the Reich.* The next day, July 18, 1945, the China question was again raised by Russia.

Mr. Molotov again raised the question of China but said that if the Council was to deal with other than oxclusivty European affairs tt)e objections to China's participation would drop.

Mr. Byrnes suggested that the CkxBHJil be composed of five powers but that partldpation of China be Mmited to problems conoCTDdng the Far East or problems of world wide significance. . .The other reason for including was that China

is one of the permaiiit members of the Security Council-* This attitude of the Russian^ persisted throughout the Confer* ence, (iespite the fact that Soviet Russia did not participate in the Par Eastern War until it was iwactlcally over. The Russians took the same position as regards France, namely, that France should have no voice in the. settlement of European affairs, because France had not participated in the armistice.

It was clearly the Russian program first to redu(M the discussion to among Three Powers, the United States. Soviet Russia, and Great Britain. Undoubtedly it was the Russian plan to squeeze (Hit Great Britain as well.* Truman was tolcl at the July 18 luncheon that Japan had been ready to make peace. The following is signiiicail:

I (Churchill) imparted to the President the disclosure about the offer frwh the Mikado, made to me by Marshal Stalin the night before; and 1 told him he was qihte free to talk It ovr with the Marsl^, as 1 had informed him at the Marshals expressed desire. . .

Here 1 exiflalned that Mai> iCjontlnued on page five)

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When Should A Firm Go Public?

By ELMER ROESSNER

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS CONSCIENCE CAUSES CONFLICT

Did you ever atop to think bow miserable man is because of the very qualities that make him a man?

Take, for instance, the matter of conscience. Animals have no conscience. Their life is an InatincUve retpoose to their environment. The thing that dls-tlnfuishes man from the lower creatures Is that be can reflect on his experleiM and ehooae between good and evil. And aa soon as that starts, he begins to have within him tremendous conflict.

There are tome people much like anmale la that they have very little ooneclence. They can Indulge in every , fom% of evil and never feel the least rebuke of conscience, unless they

get caught. People who have a senaitlve conscience sometimes wish that their conscience was not quite so sensitive. They would be much happieror at least they think they would. But of course they wouldn't: for strange as it may seem, happiness is something that comes out of perplexity, pain, frustration. and conflict.

Let .us never feel thst we would be hm>pier with a less sensitive conscience; or that life is pitying us a mean trick because we must endure so much inner conflict, especially conflict in matters of conselsnee. In that very conflict lies the possibility of transcendent happiness and triumph.

Conscience may * not always make us happy, but it Is the one thing which gives life dig-nty and purpose.

Here are answers to two questions raised in this cdlnmn yesterday:

If you have a closely held. bualnces yearning tor expansion, abonld yon go pnblic?

If you are an arbitrary, domineering autocrat, the answer is no. But if you are willing to share your ownership with strangers, and willing to be accountable to ttiem for, your management ot their share of the builnesB. selling shares to the pubUo may be the quickest, simplest. and cheapest way to get capital for expansion.

However, Investments specialists tell me this: Don't try to go public unless the total value of the companys stock is at least II million. Dont try to go public unless you have expansion plans, such as bringing out new products, acquiring other compuiies. or developing new markets. Thats because small investors want growth and large investors want cspit^ gains lY they cant get that, they'

better off buying stocks on exchanges.

Its also a good idea to have definite plans for the uae of additional equity capital, and paying off old debts should never be one.

SHOULD YOU INVEST?

If you have savings to invest, should you buy shares in a new company going public?

If you are an employee of or a suppUer to the company, a moderate investment may pay dividends in certain advantages as well as in cash.

If you have a limited amount of savings, financial advisora agree that the first $5,000 should be in * a savings accounts, government bonds and other quickly accestibto Investments, even though they may be endangered by lnflati(m. Having ady money in an emergency is worth mo than higher intest.

They agree that the next $5.000 should be put In low-risk investments, such as savinn and loans associations, steady' stocks and other conservative

securities. After that, some can be used for moderate-rlsk investments. Even this, however, is affected by age and responsibilities. A man nee<ling money for retirement, or a father with children nearing college age should stick to sound investments, even though returns are smaU.

GAMBLE CAUTIOUSLY

But even the individual with ample risk capital should approach new stock oi small corporations carefully. These stocks art rarely listed <m the large exchanges; they are traded over the counter. They do not have to meet the requirements of the exchanges, which Insist on full discXosure.of financial status.

The investor should therefore make sa searching an inquiry aa he possibly can and then, even though prospects are bright, realize that he is gambling on men and markets.

These baby stocks often offer rare advantages. A small company ifttif god researchera may come up with a product that

will double the value of its stock. A new product or a new tectmique may make Investors rich. Furthermore, many of these gains mi^ be taxable at the capital gains rates.

On the other hand, these new stocks often fade away. The promised Inventions run into challenges that make them unusable for years. The executive who made a $100,000 company sparkle may be ineffectual in a $1 billion concern.

And there is another hazard: Slick operators often get control of a small corporation, go public with fanfarM and promises. pay the new capital to thsmsslves for rights to a worthless patent, and then move away until things quiet down. There are two rules:

1. Investigate, investigate, investigate.

S. Even after Investigatton makes the project look sound, remember that investments in small, untried corporations are a gamble and that only those who can afford to loee etra ai' ford togamble. . .

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