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Saturday July 29, 1961 vi*

Saturday, July 29, 1961

Similar Situations Are Not Unusual

The differences of opinion on budget matter* which cropped up between the Pitt County Commis-aioners and the Greenville City Council a month ago was not an isolated case in North Carolina where,such a situation occurred.

In Wake County the Commissioners and the governing board of the city of Raleigh have agreetTto a plan for working out their budget differences after a two-week long hassell over the citys appropriation for the County Mapping Department. In Mecklenburg County the commissioners and officials of the city of Charlotte reportedly are at odds over the matter of office rent being exchanged between the two local governments.

In all probability similar situations have cropped up in recent weeks between municipal officials and county officials in other counties of the state as well.

As for the difficulties between Pitt County officials and the Greenville City Council over appropriations, a plan apparently is in the making whereby the funds flowdng from one of the local governments to the other will be analyzed by a joint committee and some plans for better coordination of the fiscal plans

Timing Of New

ines Discussec,

By LYNN NISBET

CONGRESSMEN Question has been raised In two or three places about the applicable date of the new congressional district lines. Some change was made In the boundaries of every district except the present sixth. The legislative act provides that it shall be in full force and effect from and after Its ratification. It was ratified on June 16. 1961.

One Interpretation might be that there are now only eleven Instead of twelve districts in North Carolina, and that Reps. Paul Kitchln and Charles Raper Jonas are entitled to only half a vote eacbsincc both are residents In the new eighth district. The continued full representative status of Incumbents does not bother the questioners so much as the problem of what would haM>en in event of a vacancy occurring in one of the present 12 seats. Would a replacement congressman have to be elected from the old district, or would the new act be controlling as to the area?

SENSIBLESeeking answer to these questions your reporter has consulted spokesmen for the Attorney Generals office, attaches ct the Supreme Court, several high ranking State officials and a number of learned lawyers. None of these men was willing to give a categorical an.swer without thofbugh check of Federal and State constitutions and statutes. Opinion was unanimous that the oty sensible answer is that the old district lines will contr(rf until the election and the convening of a new Congress the 88th, members of which will be elected in 1962 and will take office early in Janusu*y 1963.

That conclusion is based on these several facts; The General Assembly cannot legislate out of office or terminate the tenure of a person who has been elected by the people for the specific term pursuant to the constitutions of North Carolina and the United States. The members elected to the 87th Congress will hold office until the session ends and the 88th Congress convenes.

In event of vacancy occurring by reason of death or resignation, the seat will be filled In a special election by the .same people who elected the Incumbent. Any other interpretation would be absurd, sa^d one eminent attorney, desplfa., the possible technical conflict with respect to effective date of the revised district act.

Candidates for Congress will be nominated from the new districts in the primaries next spring, will be elected in the general election next year, and will take their seats when the 88th Congre convenes on or soon after January 3, 1963. Until that time North Carolina will have 12 representatives in the Con

gress, representing^ the districts which have "maintained since convening of the 78th Congress in 1943. ,

BONDSAnother question has been raised In some quarters about the legality of an election on local county, school di.s-trict or municipal bonds on the same day the election will be called for a vote on the $61 million State capital improvement icnds. This query was passed along to Associate Justice Emery B. Denny of the Supreme Court in a casual and informal conversation.

He said there is no general constitutional or statuary impediment to holding local bond elections at the same time the State bonds are voted upon. He warned, however, that inasmuch as these local bond elections were authwized by special statutes, the specific act should be carefully checked to see that It contained no barrier. Some local bond election acts may require new registration of voters, for example, or contain restrictions which might be in conflict with the general statewide provisions. Appearance in the local acts of any limitation on the general suffrage might prevent a vote on the same day.

One of the-ifTbst bothersome factors Involving /time of elections is the general statutory provision that an election on the question of legal sale of alcoholic beveragesestablishment of ABC stores or sale of beer and winecannot be held within 60 days of "any other election." Complications arise by reason of the fact there are three levels of governmental authority empowered to call election.s State, county and municipality, and their calls are not always coordinated.

Dates are fixed by general statute for primary nomination and election of State and county officials. In even number years thi.s means it is very difficult to pick a Tlquor^^election" date between late March and early January of the next year, because of first and second primaries in May and June, general elections in November. In odd number of years the municipal elections usually come in late April, May and early June. That pretty well blocks out the period from March 1 to September for liquor elections. Meantime the State, either through legislative call or authority delegated to the Governor, may order elections, and there are numerous bond and tax elections ordered by counties and cities. North Carolina may not be melculous In observing some constitutional requirements, but there can,be_no criticism of its adherence to the mandate the elections should be frequently held.

The Dafly Reflector

INCORPORATED Publifhed Every Afternoon Except Sunday Established 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, Publiihtr

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MAffONAL AOVEBTI8INO aEPRBSBNTATlVBa Theeiae W. dait Oo me,. New Tort. Chkafo, Atlanta. Member Audit Bureau of Clrcalatloa.

am adrmtlslai copf most be raeehred at least one day before pHbUcaUoo data

of each worked out before another budget-making time.

In Wake County the Commissioners and the Raleigh City Council are working out a plan whereby there will be joint meetings of the two boards four times a year in order that each governing body may be better informed of the plans and problems of the other.

Both the approach taken and Wake County to the problem there and the one in tll<B making in Pitt County for the problem which cropped up here appear sound means of ironing out future difficulties.

It is increasingly important that the local governing bodies within a county closely coordinate their activities and their plans for the general welfare of all the citizens. At the local level of government as well as at the higher levels, it is becoming increasingly costly to operate the governments. Demands for capital outlays for various purposes are continuing to rise, and all of the local governments are finding themselves increasingly hard-pressed for funds to meet their needs.

By their very nature, the local government uniU within a county are drawn close together in their activities. There are many instances in which services can be combined for, more efficient operation and represent a tax savings for the people. And since there is always an overlapping of the people from which two different local governments derive their tax revenue, it is important that there be coordination of fiscal policies insofar as possible between the county government and the municipal governments within the county.

The fact that the need for closer coordination is being recognized by municipal and county governments in various parts of the state should lead to more efficient local government throughout North Carolina.

Lasting Contribution Possible In Project

ineme

Of The

The Junior Chamber of Commerce organizations in this section of the state could make a genuine and lasting contribution to their own communities and a considerably broader area if they undertake the Literacy by Television project which they are now considering.

Commercial television stations have offered the use of their facilities for the undertaking which employs the medium of television to teach people to read and w'rite. In other sections of North Carolina similar projects have been carried out with considerable success. Many citizens who missed the opportunity of a formal education have learned to read and write because of the program.

There are, unfortunately, many people throughout this section who have never learned to read and write who would be anxious to take advantage of the opportunity to do so. Once they have learned to do so, broad new' fields ans open to them, not only for furthering their education, but likewise in terms of better economic opportunities which help not only the individuals involved, but the community as a whole.

The Junior Chamber of Commerce over the years has been a forceful and active organization of young men wjiich has made important contributions to community betterment throughout the country. Here again is another opportunity for the Jaycees to undertake a program that will provide lasting benefits to Eastern North Carolina.

By PATRICIA MOORE

An Imnression Is Made

Maybe you hadnt thought about it yet, but a lot of people around here have. Fallout shelters, that is.

Especially since the Presidents speech concerning the Berlin crisis and need of increasing the United States armed might, people in Greenville, like people everywhere, have started to be more concerned with shelters and fallout and the draft.

We met a very young man the other day with some defim-ite ideas about the whole thing. He obviously was impressed with his fathers attitudes and had been dispatched to the office of J.H. Rose. Pitt County director of Civil Defense, for all available information on building fallout shelters and Civil Defense.

As we sat and talked, he told us that the way the situation was going, need might arise for

the shelter by December, and they wanted to get some ideas right away.

He knew how many people a shelter would house and how many feet are needed per person. He knew how many extra people could get into a shelter for four.

He said his father might Investigate the possibility of building the shelter larger than for four people, so that others could share the protection.

We thought to ourselves, fervently, that we hope someone will have such thought for us if the need arises. And we thought what a civic-minded thought that was.

The whole conversation was very typical for the day. It was typical of what others around here are thinking and doing, and here was a young man doing

something about It.

If we had a basement of our own, we would be down there right now sectioning off brick walls and securing proper depth proportions for safety from fallout. We would make a game out of it. getting the first aid equipment ready, and a box of food and all.

After all, such a place could be a wonderful storage space, even a little room for children to play.

There are all kinds of shelters, from a few hundred dollars in cost up to several thousand. They can be built by a do-it-your-selfer, or by a contractor. 'They can be In a basement, under (Continued on Page 6)

Strength

Other Editors Sayings... Por Today Double Democratic Worry

?rdblems. Swel.

D

tor Fresiaency

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) Presidential problems ride John F. Kennedys back like a monkey gorging itself on a fresh supply of calories every day.

Kennedy knew he would have problems, but didnt realize how quickly they would build up. While he was still a condldate.

asking for the problems, he told the National Press Club Jan. 14,

I960;

"We will need In the 60s a president. . .willing and able to summon his constituency to its finest hours, to alert the people to our dangers and opportunities, to demand of them the sacrifices that will be necessary."

The world saciiiices is a permanent part of his vocabulary. He u.sed It later in his inaugural address and again in his TV talk last Tue.sday night.

On that day in 1960 he also said;

"The time ha.? come. , .again" for the "moral" leadership of a Wilson. Lincoln. Tiuman, Franklin D. Roo.sevelt who "led the people a.s well as the government and fought for great Ideals a.s well as bills.

But Tuesday night after only six months In office he said: "When I ran for the presidency, . . .1 knew that this country faced sertou* challenges, but I could not realize nor could any man realize who does not bear the burdens of this office how he^vy and constant would be those burdens

His burdens are not the same as the early presidentstheirs were mostly administrative, political and domesticwhen the United States was isolated and remote from Europe. Yet Alexia

de Tocqueville could see when that would change:

"It is chiefly In its foreign relations that the executive power of a nation finds occasion to exert its skill and its strength. If the existence of the union were perpetually threatened. . .the executive government would assume an Increased importance in proportion to the measures expected of it and to those which it could execute."

Those days came when Amer-ca was no longer Isolated and the presidency, under Wilson and Roosevelt, assumed increasing importance as the existence of the Union was threatened in two world wars.

But while Kennedys problems are similar to theirs in a very real sense they arc extremely different. Now the existence of the Union, as De Tocqueville anticipated, is "perpetually threatened" by Communism.

Where Wilson and Roosevelt had the burden of fighting a war, Kennedy must not only be ready for it b^u t, through whatever skill he has, try to prevent it without losing in troubled peace either suddenly or bit by bit by attrition.

It wa.5 put another way by James MacGregor Bums, biographer of both Roosevelt and Kennedy, in making a distinction between their problems.

He said; "It was enough for Roosevelt to cope with crises but it will be essential for Kennedy to head them off.

But it isnt clear whats bothering Kennedy, why his problems now seen greater than he anticipated. In the engine of government he needs to be a expert administrative engineer. But that was to be expected, and be knew. it.

Roosevelt didnt consider administrative chores overwhelming, He said they were "the least part" of the presidency which "is pre-eminently a place of moral leadership."

But even Roosevelt felt restrained In leadership in a way which sometimes seemed self-imposed, as in his early neutrality and avoidance of a part In the Spanish Civil War.

But In his fireside chats Roosevelt sought to provide leadership by educating the public to national support. This is what Kennedy did Tuesday night on the Berlin problembut hes been slow startipg.

Strangely the two Roosevelt (Continued on paga sUf)

(Washington Daily News)

So much talk has been made about a congressional race between Charles R. Jonas, Republican, and Paul Kitchen, Democrat, in the next congressional race that^ we naight be losing Bight of one important fact.

In the redistricting plan which finally was adopted, these two congressmen find themselves in the new Eighth Congressional district. Mr. Jonas has nothing to worry about insofar as getting the Republican nomination for congress. He has it definitely if he wants it, and no other Republican in the state cwnes close to matching his political appeal.

The story might be somewhat different when it comes to Mr. Kitchen, the Democrat. Several leading Democrats are saying that if Mr. Kitchen has strong opposition in the Democratic primary next May, he could be a loser. They also reason that despite all other factors in the election, Mr. Kitchen actually will be a stronger candidate against Mr. Jonas than will be a new man who has not entered the race beqfe.

With Mecklenburg county in the new Eighth district, some are saying the opposite. Some are saying that the only way to beat Mr. Jonas is for a Mecklenburg county Democrat to be running against Mr. Jonas. But the trouble here is that to date no Democratic candidate of sufficient appeal has been thought of to make the race.

Political experts in the new

Eighth district are almost conceding that Mr. Kitchen will have strong Democratic opposition in the primary. Whether that opposition will come from Mecklenburg county, Lincoln county, Moore county, or some other is not kn6wn now. There is even talk that once again Dave Clark of Lincoln county might run for the Democratic nomination.

It all adds up to one important consideration. Paul Kitchen has a difficult road ahead of him both from the standpoint of his own party and from the standpoint of Republican opposition.

At the same time followers of Jonas in Mecklenburg county say quite openly and . quite frankly that regardless of the name of the Democratic nominee, be it Kitchen or some other Democrat, Mr. Jonas is, going to win If he chooses to ruri for congress again. They reason thai Mecklenburg county is going to give Mr. Jonas such a substantial majority next time that it will be an insurmountable factor for the other counties to overcome.

Those of us on the sidelines who do not live in the Eighth district perhaps do not realize the strong political lines being drawn there. A real fight Is in the offing, it would seem. It could be a double-barrelled fight, the first one being in the Democratic primary, and.-the second one being in the general election. . ..

By EARL L. DOUGLASS WHAT VALUE FAITH?

How much do we owe Christian faith? Or do we, in fact, owe it anything?

Some people would say that so far as they know religion has been to them nothing but an inherited group of beliefs, habits, and customs. Others would say, however, that in times of crisis faith had held them strong to good resolutions, still others would declare that there was a day in their livesperhaps an instant or an hourwhen everything in their lives changed because of their Christian faith.

Of course, if we dont use our faith it naturally does not do us much good. Some people have their faith wrapped in tissue paper and laid up on the top shelf,

But Christian faith has transformed the wOTld. It changed the Roman Empire from a hideous cesspool of paganism into a church which continued to exist after the secular government had disappeared. Great turning points in history have been marked by the manifestation of outstanding individually or groups of people. Much of North America was settled by people who wanted to live out in this new land the possibilities of their particular type of religious faith.

Ask yourself the question whether or not your Christian faith is really doing anything for you. If not, then ask yourself why not. Maybe you dont have the genuine article. If you do, maybe you dont use it. Or perhaps you arc trying to carry faith on one shoulder and something you know to be wrong on the other.

A Fresh Look At Negro Morket

By ELMER ROESsNER

Manufacturers and advertising agencies are taking a fresh look at the "Negro market, This has nothing to do with the desegregation fight or freedom riders. The new study has been prompted by the fact that Negroes are holding better jobs, earning higher incomes and are spending more freely. Besides, there are more of them than there, were a few years ago.

Ten years ago, comsumer spending by Negroes was said to be $15 billion a year. Today it Is estimated at $20 billion'^

The Negro population has increased faster than the non-Negro population. In the last 10 years the Increase has been more than 25 per cent, compared with 18 per cent for whites.

VALUES OF MARKETS Contrary to misconceptions In some quarters, there are few truly Negro products. Some cosmetics, obviously, are not suited to dark skins; certain fashions are not approprliUe. But the sales of dream books, conjure books, hair^stralghteners are inslgnUicantly small. Negroes,

almost entirely, buy the same sort of goodsand the same makes and brandsas other Americans do.

However, In many ways the Negro market is different, and many of these differences make it profitably desirable to merchandisers. Some of these are:

1. The Negro market is largely urban. It is concentorated in the metropolitan centers. The aggregate spending power of Negroes in small towns and rural areas is small, unimportant. ,

2. The.Negro middle class is growing. There is a- rise in the number of Negro merchants, teachers, doctors, lawyers and other professionals, increasing the proportion as well as the size of the middle class.

3. Negroes are becoming increasingly conscious of brand niunes and quality symbols. The emerging Negro is as conscious of the right to buy top brands as he Is of the right to equal tieatment In Interstate commerce.

INFI.UENCE

4. The Negroes Influence on the market is far greater' than

their relativa buying.- power.

Many, of course, arc In menial jobs. And these dictate the products they want. A domestic will Insist on getting the brand of soap powder she prefers; the apartment doorman will name the brand of brass polish he wants, and the major domo^wlll direct household purchase# to the brands and stores he likes.

It is likely that the Negro market will grow faster than the tptal consumer market In years to come. The Negro population is Increasing faster than the rest; the Negro is moving constantly Into higher income brackets.

Selling this growing market involves many problems. Sales and advertising attitudes are. of course, highly Important. Some! companies have hired Negro salesmen and Negro contact men. This strategy depends almost entirely on specific contU-tiODS. In some aroks. iUwUl work for some companies. In otbtf places it can mean disaster. ' f

Use or Negro models in adr vcrlisements has been tried by a lew companies. Reslts have been uneven. In some cases, this has been regarded as recognlUon of the Negra as a consumer; in

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSf^Y C(^yright, 1961, King Featres Syndicate. Inc.

The other night. 1 was at Tan-glewood listening to a bit of sa cas^ programming that could not have oetsa accidental. William Schuman. a contemporary American composer. was squeezed in between Robert Schumann and Ludwig van Beethov-en.

The American composer had an augmented orchestra and us* ed all the noise-making percus-aion instruments he could think of. We had been listening for a coimle of weeks to Bach and Mozart and they managed to be heard with very small orchestras. but the AmerlcMhsd to have enough Instruments so he could scream. Otherwise, we should not have heard him!

I asked an eminent musician what the noise was all about.

He rei^led: ^ --------

"It Is the twentieth century.** TU* Is a cbazaeteristic remark by those who cannot ex-pifin away current absurdities. The twentieth century is not all noise, perhaps not really as much noise as Wie end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th when the troops of Napoleon mwched through Europe. No century has a mwiop-oly on stupidity, Just as no century has a monopoly on wisdom, although some have been better than others. Surely no century enjoyed any particular right to noise.

Thw is. of course, another, a constructive side to the twentieth century which in the first six decades of its being has produced greater advances in certain fields of knowledge, in physics, chemistry, asUxjphysics, anthropology, archeidogy, in the cxploratiwi through the Ant-arcitic and through space in an effort to reach the moon. In medicine and psychology. The twentieth century is not all noise or only noise. The Earth has * been OTbited by the iHllliance of man; the atom has been smashed and reconstructed. Distance has been annihilated and time is losing all meaning.

True, we are a disturbed generation, but disturbance Is not necessarily noise or even excitement. It may be sadness, regret, hurt. It may mean loss of faith. It may be fear of death. There are movements in Beethovens sjmiphonies which fit the mood of the twentieth century more closely than Mr. Schumans noise. The responses of man to Identical stimuli are the same, no matter what the century.

The distinguished musician who aald: "It is the twentieth century," does not at all grasp the heartache of this period, the break-down of long-existent institutions, the uncertainty of the future. It is not necessary to have a chwus of drums to note ^ the downfall of the Roman Empire. It took a long time to fall, almost as long as it took to rise. Julius Caesw was assassinated in 44 B.C., Octavianus became Emperor in 27 B.C. At thia moment Rome was at its apex and Cwistantine became Em-- peror In 512 A.D. But the Roman Empire was split and the downfall to the scN^ed barbarians was imminent. By the sixth century, Rome was no Icmger great. It submitted to what we call the Middle Ages, that is. the rule of Western Europe by the Roman Catholic Church as the successor to the Roman Empire.

And this teUs the amazing story of little, bearded, poor men who came to Rome out of Palestine and Syria to preach an Ideal, the concept of the Ood of Israel, (Hie Ood for all of mankind. who revealed to man the Natural Law through Mosee and the Prophets and later flirough Jesus and the Apostles and Man rose from an idolatrous, sensuous. materialistic life to find both Joy and fear in God and to live by mercy and love. And that is our civilization which is now at the point of survival or death.

This is more the twentieth century than the terrific Imitation of street noises and factory noises which our current American composers believe describes the age in which they live. But they do not live In such an age as they confusedly describe any more than the Russian compos-enTHvi in the kind of dissonance which they enjoyed when they were still revolutionists. More (Continued on page six)

other cases, It has been locked up<m as an attempt to cater slavishly to the potential customer.

There is no golden rule. After the standards of good taste and common sense have been met, each situation must be solved on the basis of its own circumstances. But any solution must take this fact into consideration:

Uncle Tom is dead, COMPANY INSURANCE MAY BE TAXABLE Under the vast complex of tax laws and rulings, many people-think that insurance paid to an employees survivors is tax free. Ha!

A new Internal Revenue Service ruling says that whire a corporation Insures the life of an officer, pays all premiums, has "incidents of ownership." and designates shareholders as beneficiaries, the proceeds are taxable as dividends. For understandings of this complicated raiding send 20 cents to the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25 L>. C and ask" for a copy of the Internal-. Revenue Bulletin of July 17, 1961, Or ask your local IRS office for a copy of,.Rev. Rul. 6H34.