C-.

PAGE POUR

nil DAILY REFLECTOR, CRKkNVILLE. N. C.

Vadnesday, Jiily 26, 1961

Wednesday, July 26, 1961

We Have The Dream And Reality

Roughing It on the New Frontier

It is often difficult for those who have lived in freedom all their lives to fully appreciate the attraction which the promise of freedom holds for those who find themselves victims of tyranny.

With the growing crisis over West Berlin, there are relatively few people throughout the free world who would like to trade places with the citizens of that troubled city. Yet every day refugees by the thousands from Communist-controlled East Germany are slipping across the border into the freedom side of the divided city. These refugees cross the boundry with the full knowledge that thousands have made the trip before them and theft* wait in refugee camps may be long and tedious before they can settle down to a new life in a democracy. They make the trip, leaving behind them all their possessions, save for what can be crammed into a pack small enough not to arouse suspicion from border guards who would prevent their scape from communist territory.

They come as individuals and in family groups, lured by the promise of freedom, willing to face whatever hardships may lie before them in their quest for

life In a land of liberty.

Though people of the free world often dispair of the fight for men's minds which is being waged between the worlds of freedom and tyranny, the flow of refugees from behind the iron curtain should be a constant reminder that the message of freedom is not falling on deaf ears. These thousands of refugees who are daily risking their own lives and those of their loved ones for a chance to live in a free country are positive proof that the desire for individual freedom is still a mighty magnet which draws men to its high ideals.

Those of us who have not lived under the heels of tyrants cannot fully appreciate what it would be like if we suddenly found our individual liberties taken away from us. We can only view our lot compared with that of those in other parts of the world where liberty and freedom are only dreams, and where these dreams become a driving force that causes people to risk everything they have to make the dream a reality.

We have not just the dream, but the reality. But in order to maintain this reality, we also must stand ready to make whatever sacrifices are demanded.

Press Meeting Hijacking Planes Gould

g ^ ^ Costly PrQCtic

By LYNN N18BET

PRESS MEETING-The th onvenUon of the North Carolina Press Association at Charity the past weekend was one of tiie beat attended and moet informative In many years. It sed to be that all such conventions in the summer had to be scheduled at a beach or mountain retortat near extreme nd M the state. That means xcetsive travel for half the attendant. Air conditioning in hotels, motels, private automobiles and buses, now affords as much or more comfort in central clt-Ites where the travel distance is equalized.

Physical comfort was not the only reason that more people thtan usual attended this year's newspaper folks convention. The program menu would have brought a lot of them under any climatic conditions. Besides outstanding speakers there'was the lure of discussion of the newly Imposed sales tax on newspaper circulationand the almost unbelievable number of administrative interpretations and hair breadth decisions as to what is taxable and what tax exempt.

SPEAKERS Harry Golden and John Tyler Caldwell are alKMit as different in background and development process as two men could be. Yet they converge In North Carolina in 1961 with closely kindred philosophies. Golden was the featured speaker at the Friday morning breakfast and four or five extra tables had to be set up to take care of the unexpected large attendance. Caldwell was speaker at the banquet Friday night, and the large hall was filled.

Golden came to North Carolina some two decades ago from East side New York after varies experiences, including stock market manipulations Involving the late Bishop James Cannon and the A1 Smith campaign, to beeome one of North Carolinas best known citizens, authors and philosc^h^s.

CaldweU came to North Carolina two years ago to take the office as chancellor of State College and vice-president of the Consolidated University of North Cartdlna. He came here from a high place in an Arkansas college. after serving in higher educational positi(is in his native Mississippi and other states.

PTom these widely diverse backgrounds the two speakers came to very similar conclusions. which they used as basis for challenge and warning to newspaper edUors and publishers.

Goldra noted that there is no longer any distinction between local and world-wide news. An Insignificant Incident involving a Negro girl in a small town is, within 48 hours, played-up on front pages of newspiHPors throughout the world. He traced the history iA ancient Rome

and other *world civilizations" to show that they failed because of the determination of every man to be a sheriffto make his own list of objectionable persons and philosophies, and to insist that everybody who did agree was a j^rverslve- influence.

Caldwell talked mostly about the purpose of higher education, making tl^ point that there are two major inevitabilities and one prime imperative to be considered. The inevitabilities are the increasing number of boys and girls demanding education above public school level and the wide diversity of interests they have in seeking instruction and training. The imperative la to see that the Instruction given these boys and girls is accurate and soundly based.

To achieve that Dr. Caldwell proposed expaiislon of the community college and general college programs to take care of more students, leaving the free ^ to do research and to provide advanced training in special courses.

BUSINESS In addition to these serious discussions of philosophic problems, and some light theatre play and a visit to the Bowater paper plant at Catawba. S.C., the newspaper folks devoted several hours to serious discussions of business problems. Main topic was the new sales-tax on subscrlption.sthere was considerable resentment, even some bitterness, voiced not because of the tax but because of the way the bill was passed by the Legislature,

The association renewed its pledge of support for the Roy Parker School of Graphic Arts at Chowan College and tentatively underwrote a three-year construction program to provide adequate buildings for the enlarged school. This school is designed to train men and women for efficient work in the back shopthe printing section of newspaper offices in somewhat the same way the School of Journalism at Chapel Hill trains reporters and business front office personnel.

Long time ago the printer was the most Important man In the newspaper scheme. In most instances the printer also was the owner of the paper and its editor, Then came the development that the printer, the man or woman who set the type and run the press, w'as a sort of necessary auxiliary to the activities of the folks who wrote the editorial and news stories. There was another interim period whra the typesetters and pressmen Mimed more money than the writers. The thing is beginning now to balance off, and recognition If given to the fact that the mechanical shop folks need training as much as the editor-ial-news employees.

The Daily Reflector

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Unlefis the United States takes immediate and positive action to assure that American planes hijacked to Cuba are returned to their owners, the practice of hijacking airliners could become a costly item for U.S. operators.

^ Initial indications in the most recent hijacking incident are that the Castro regime intends to hold the Eastern Air Lines prop-jet even though it has released the passengers an(i crew of the plane and has allowed them to return to this country. Loss of the airliner, which costs something like ^3% million, would represent a substantial loss to the airline and w()uld set the stage for subsequent confiscation of American planes which touch down in Cuba.

From the monetary standpoint, the loss of a few airliners would not represent nearly as much in terms of property value as the industries and holdings of U.S. companies confiscated earlier by the Castro regime. At the same time, however, the United States should not tolerate this kind of piracy from Castro and company. If a precedent is set by allowing Castro to keep this huge airliner, it may encourage others to try hijacking in the hope of turning planes over to the Castro regime at a profit. There is the further possibility that the Castro regime might even be a party to plans to hijack American planes under similar circumstances from time to time to bolster their military or commercial air facilities.

If Premier Castro delays in allowing the return of the American airliner to its rightful owner, the U.S. government should take positive and forceful measures to bring about the return of the plane.

IfeXMigbt

By HENRY HOWARD

Suddenly, He Takes- Oil

We had a real red-letter day over our way recently. Our 15-month-old, all of a sudden, just cut himself loose from a standing position beside a chair and took a walk.

It was his first. And. I think. It surprised him as much as It did us.

After a half-dozen or so rushing steps, he described his extreme elation with a broad grin, then a series of unheard-before squeals of delight. Yes." he was telling himself (we think), I Just knew I'd tow you two big folks I could do It too.

He had been building up to

Other Editors Sayings... Perfection In Space Shots

Background Of Kennedys Talk

By JAMES MARLOW WASHINGTON (AP) - President Kennedys TV talk last night, on defense problems intensified by Russian pressure on Berlin, was made against this background

His talk could be expected to be tough. Long ago he expressed the belief It would be a disaster 11 Russia got the notion the United States would not fight for Berlin.

He said It would be a great mistake to think the Russians are aiming only for Berlin, that their real aim is New York and Paris. Meaning: to split the al-Um, which would leave Russia master of Europe and isolate this country.

It could happen if the allies who set up their NATO Military alliance to defend Western Europechickened on defending Berlin, preferring to let it go rather than face war lor It.

Therefore, Kennedys tough talk to Americans, to alert them to the possibility of war and rally them to his support in stepping up defense, was tough talk in two other directions.

He was talking to the Russians, to warn them not to push their luck: and to the allies in Europe to stiffen their backbone by assuring them of American determination to stand with them against the Russian menace.

And any talk about adding more divisions to the American armed forces, is a direct needle to the allies to do more in their own defense. Those NATO allies were originally supposed to produce 96 divisions.

But now in Europe where Russia probably has more than 100 divisions to throw Into a fightNATO has about only 12. Five of them are American. Even if they increased their divisions, the allies wouldnt be In a good spot for ground war.

The Russians know this. And. unless Kennedy has changed his mind, he thinks so. too. Asked

in an interview 17 months ago if the allies are in a position to fight anything but a nuclear war, Kennedy said no.

Nevertheless, Kennedy could not sound belligerent. He had to leave a door open for negotiation with the Russians about Berlin.

This is exactly what he did seven days ago in the tough note this country sent the Soviets on Berlin, warning them not to try force. But one part of that note was mofro propaganda than reality.

It said that in any settlement with Russia the United States insists on conformity with the principle of self-determination" for the West Germans and the Germans living in Communist East Germany.

The last thing the Russians want Is to let the East Germans in free and open elections decide whether they want to associate themselves with the West Germans or Uve under communism.

So its a useful propaganda needle for the United States to keep telling the Russians the two Oermanles must vote on what kind of gov^nment they want. Besides, the West Qer-mans wont agree to permanent division of Oemany.

But Kennedy himself even though he may talk of Germtn reunilication, said on Dec. 8, 19^: German reunlflCBlian,

which represents the long-range goal, is certainly not in the cards for many years."

Nothing has happened since then to make him more optimistic, That statement he made In 1999 was only part of many things he said about Berlin.

Hre are Sirnie others from 1958 which may be useful to remember:

"I would say the chances are rather dim for a permanent solution (rf Berlin. But I do think It may be possible for us to reach (Continued on page five)

(Henderson Dispatch)

Several days beiC8*e U.8. Air Force Captain Virgil I. (Gus) Grissom made his successful flight into witer space, and returned. an official at Cape Caaverad was reported concerned about Indication of ho-hum" attitude among some workers at the missile base.

The story from Cape Canaveral was that some people associated with the Project Mercury space program were taking perfection for granted. After all. Grissoms flight was to be only a duplication of the feat performed so smoothly last May by Navy Commander Alan B. Shepard. But the scientists in charge knew better: at this stage of space exploration no manned shot can be considered routine.

Proof that perfection hasnt yet been reached lies under some 1,600 feet of water on the bottom of the Atlantic ocean. Buried forever, too deep for salvage, is a two million dollar space capsule that was supposedly an improvement over the container that was easily recovered after Shepards pioneer flight.

Grissoms actual flight was apparently near-perfect, but because of some malfunction he had to get out of the sinking capsule quickly and swim while rescue helicopters approached. HN space suit was buoyant, and news stories lead us to believe Grissom was not in great danger after he left the capsule. But loss of the vehicle cast some damper over an otherwise successful venture.

Lost with the capsule were movie films of Grissoms movements and facial expressions during tht flight. SclenUsti were able to keep up by radio signals with nearly everything Grissom did. but this type of data cannot fully replace the lost pictures.

There is probabllliy that Grissoms capsule would never

have been used to carry a man into space again, so the loss, however vast In monetary figures, might not be as serious as indicated. Yet it does point up sharply that something can go wrong with the best of plans^f regardless, of the amount of money spent in attempting perfection.

There has been discussion of one or two more sub-orbital shots before the United States tries to send a human into orbit. Whether these further short-range flight# will be carried out is still not certain, especially since Fridays shotbut not the recovery was generally described as successful.

It seems fairly certain, however, that there is still a lot of experimenting to be done, and tests to be made before trying to shoot a man completely around the globe and back for a safe recovery. Air Force planes have been highly ic-cessful in recovering unmanned capsules from orbit, but when time comes to put a man aboard, perfection will be necessary on every detail.

Nobody in this country really knows how long it took Russia to prepare for the shot that sent Yuri Gagarin into orbit and back. Nor have any conclusive details of the flight been made public, but Soviet success stories, even if doctored" by Khrushchevs press agents, have had high propaganda value. For us to fail now would be a blow to this nations sometimes-sagging prestige in the rest of the world. It would be better to wait even longer to be sure.

Our space program Is costing a tremendous amount of money, and when the powers in Washington decide to provide almost unlimited funds, It Is up to every person connected with the project to strive at all times for perfecUon. Our hope is that some day the expense wUl ixrove Justified.

this first walking spree for a good long while. In fact, we can remember well how he learned several months ago to pull himself into a standing position and inch his way along the wall or a piece of furniture.

But then, he learned gradually to crawl at a phenomenal rate. Disregarding the fact that he sounded like a small freight train rumbling around the house, his crawling seemed satisfactory. At least it was satiMactory to him. The rumbling noise never bothwed him. On the oon-trary, he seemed quite fascinated and very proud he eould generate such.

After what seemed a long history of endless rtmMs hy the freight train, we soon became accustomed to the idea: Maybe, one of these days, hell get tired of crawling and learn id walk."

At this point, though, the walking bit seems to be growing old. He seems to think lately that hes quite accomplished at the game of stalking about the house.

Its a natural thing about human nature. New things learned and practiced very soon become routine. He seems to think now that he can walk most - anywhere, anytimeand without even concentrating anymore.

And so, he has act out gleefully in search of new worlds to conquer. These days, when a cha-cha-cha or something is blaring away on the hi-fi, hes busily trying to work out his own personal routine.

When things are trying to be quiet, hes practicing fast stc^ and faster starts. At .times, he scampers wildly about on fingers and toes. Then he triea a mad dash at full speed ahead until he trips and crashes, giggling, to the floor. He personally takes care of things when theyre trying to be quiet.

So, gone are the days of the rumbling freight untU Numbw Two comes roaring through. Now we are beielged by a character who apparently Is trying to mimick an antelope with size 12 hooves.

Acquire .ittle Of Use

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Copyright. 1961, King Features Syndicate. Inc.

Always there must be conversation. It Is a way to pass the time. It saves eyesight because when one talks, he need not read. Why worry about knowledgeit is possible to read book reviews. *rhen one can talk for hours ab(mt the<^book. So along comes a slob who asks:

Did you read it?"

That spoils everything. Of course, nobody read the bo<^ yet. Theyre ill waiting for a paperback to show up. Besides, even if you have the pM>ei>i>ack. It is not necessary to read the stuff. It is enough if one holds it In his hand. By osmosis.^the stuff somehow gets into his system. Then he can talk. The point it to be able to talkto communicate, Is the phrase. Surely, one must be able to communicate. In fact, there are courses In scxne colleges designed to help the student communicate. About what? Does it matter, as long as one talks and seems wise?

So there Is a discussion and belteve it or not, this is authentic. The question Is thrown into the hopper: How did the United Nations come Into existence?

This is too K>eciflc a question. It U like asking for a definition. As a matter of act, did It come Into existence at all? In what mtext? The conversation moves along.

Oh! says a blithe spirit, Eleanor Roosevelt started it as one of her projects."

So the is talk about that and also about Eleanor Rixisevelt and is she sincere? Then the boor h) the crowd throws in his two cents:

All this buahwah is n<M3sense. The United Nations came into existence as a result of the San Francisco Conference in 1945."

That spoi^ everything. Who asked him to cut the conversation short by being so specific? It might have been fun to speculate. Was it Yalta or Potsdam or London or maybe Casablanca? What do you mean when you say that Roosevelt was dead at the time? So, who was President?

At that point, the yapping takes a halt because it is necessary to (hink C(rffee. It Is impo> slble to sit in a place all lgbt and not drink coffee.

So, the problwn is how to pass the time in Intellectual pursuits without doing any work? Of course, it is possible to spend an evening deaHmr with John ^en-nedy who aint what we mought he would be. Well, what did you think hed be? He isnt r^al like a 3Toung man should be, but then he Isnt as young as he looks. NMtlMr is Marilyn Monroe. Will she be Jewish now tiiat she dumped Miller will she go into the Church If she remaries Joe DiMaggio?

No! Theyre Just friends. When shes In trouble, the guy is a good sport and comes around to look after her. You cant expect a great star like that to look after herself, even if she knows how. which most dont because It aint professional."

So, the boor asks. What did you iq>ect Jack Kennedy to bs that he isnt?"

Did he have to bring that up again? Who asked him? Besides, I believe In Sorel and Pranclsco f^rrer and even Bakunin and Kropotkin, ao what do I have to do with Pr^ddeots?

The startling fact to me is that all this yapping is done by boys and girls who are going to college or who are Just out of col-(Continued on page five)

One thing, at least, ean be said for the aforementioned small rumbling freight train.

WhUe it may be bothersome, even nerve wracking, at times, theres one thing about it. Its sound Invariably indicates its exact location.

The same may not be said for an aatel(H)e.

Condemnation Defensive Steps

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS NOT REALLY SO Many years ago a man wrote two volumes destined to become famous: they were called The Conflict of Religion and Science." Today most of us are quite certain that there is no basic conflict between religion and science. Religion deals with the unseen, spiritual world. Science deals with the hard, material world,.

Some of the outstanding scientist of the wcH'ld are religious men and feel that their religious faith in no way conflicts with their scientific beliefs. They accept the fact that faith and science operate in different spheres. These spheres are different as day Is from night or mao is from woman. Because things are dif-ent does not mean that they are in conflict. Religion deals with

our inner j^iiritusl life. Science deals with the external material wwld In which we live.

If you have ccHne to feel that you cannot be religious because religion and science conflict with each other, get that idea out of your mind. Religion and science simply deal with different aspeeta of the same thing, namely, life. Each makee Its contributfon. This contribution doee not conflict with the contrlbuUon made by other category unless you allow It to do so.

Be broad-mindedthat is. let your mind be broad enougn to admit ideal dealing with emy aspect of life. Science and rell-Igon are not In conflict with each other, and you render yourself and the world a disservice if you allbw them to become ao in your dally thinking.

By ELMER ROESSNER

Property owners can take steps to defend themselves against condemnation, a vulture which seems to hover over many of the homes, business properties and farmlands of these United States.

Federal, state and local governments are embarked upon one of the largMt binges of condemnation since the Plantagenets.

Homes, stores, apartment houses and acreages are being taken away from owners for redevelopment plans, housing projects. parks, highways, public buildings and hundreds of other projects bom in the minds of politicians and architects determined (A) to do good or (B) mUk tax reveouea as much as pos-tible.

U you own real estate, no matter where it is. it may be taken away from you in proceedings ataritng tomorrow. You will be paid, of course. You will be paid a fair price, probably a fair iwloe plus. But whether this price truly compensates you may depend on steps you take before the laughing vulture of oondemnalion pounce*:

HOW CONDEMNATION OPERATES

1. Remember that fat payments for condemned property are not automatic. You may get more than original costs, you may get more than current value, but you have to have evidence to get even a minimum.

2. Remember there is never any cash for sentiment. The house that is to be demolished for a throughway may have been the birthplaoe of your dearest son, the scene of your fondest memories. That adds not a penny to its condemnation value. Forget such worth.

Another point to remember:

Dont sue to block condemnation. Only a small percentage of such cases ever win. But you can go to court on the question of adequate compensation. Courts WUl rarely divert highways around your old manse, but they will make sure you get fair compensation.

BEFORE THE DOCTOR .COMES-

Meanwhile, there are steps that every realty owner can take to protect his equity in case of condemnation. These are useful even when condemnation seems remote, because even the

mcxst distant field today can be a government landing strip tomorrow. Some are:

1. Maintain evidence of the value of the property. Keep a record of the initial costs, plus all the extras, such as title research, and of aU Improvements. Repairs are not a factor, but improvements are, even if they Include replacing ferrous pipes with brass. Record them.

2. Develop records of rises in value in your neighborhood. When a $10,000 plot is sold for $20,000, write down the facts. It may indicate your property has doubled In value.

3. Project assessments against value. Assessments in themselves. In most jurisdiction, do not prove value. But the rate of Increase Is a factor. Suppose you buy a house for $10,000, assessed at $6,000. If the assessment Is raised to $9,000 you may as-sum* your house is worth $13,-333.

WATCH THOSE OFFERS

4. Record offers. If a realty finder phones and says he has a buyer for your house at $15,-000, ask him to write you a letter. You may not want to sell, but the letter will b* tvideno* of the potential value. In fact.

get and keep all offers in wrlL

ten form,

5. Watch sales in your neighborhood. The tax stamps. If not the deeds themselves, will show prices paid. These can be evidence of the rise in values in the locality.

6. Get your neighbors to tell you about prices offered for their pr(H)erty. Make notes of offers.

7. Watch newspapers and other media for news about proposed redevelopmenta, highways and other projects. If condemnation is headed your way, intensify eff(x*ts to put the real value of your pnH>crty on the record. But no cheating, pleas*. I pay taxes too.

YOUR TAXES HELPED PAY FOR-I you are fluked by the spl$* tlebug or aplttled by liver complaint. send 20 cents to the Su>

rlntcndent of Documenti, Washii^n 25, O.C., uid ask for The Common Liver Fluke In

Sheep." and Meadow Spittle-bug. How to Control It. Thes* government publicaUons mak* excellent starters for outdoor fires on which government meat for the needy Mua IM)

*d.