PAGE FOUE/HE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Monday, July S, 1!

Moday, July 3, 1961

cFireworks for the Whole Family

Before You Go, Evaluate The Qdds

Tomorrow's July Fourth holiday will see millions of more automobiles join the millions already on the highways for the traditional summer outing.

' By tomorrow night long lines of traffic will jam the highways from one end of the nation to the other as the"holiday comes to a close and those who have had their outing head for home.

Already the death toll for the holiday period which began with the weekend is soaring above the early estimates by safety officials. Before the official holiday period ends tomorrow night, the highway accident toll could go into the books as one of the worst in history.

number of persons injured in the thousands.

' As the holiday period draws to a close, the chances of accidents will be increased by those who are impatient to get back home,-and those who are weary from their outing. The danger will increase not only for these particular drivers, but also for the other fellows" who will also be using the highways.

It takes only a split second for a highway accident to happen, and the victim can be even the safest driver who relaxes his vigil for that split second on the road.

If you travel on the Fourth, exercise more than the usual amount of caution. Be sure that you and

those who travel with you will enjoy the Fourth, and will also be around to^njoy the rest of July as well.

Persons who take to the highways tonight and tomorrow should carefully evaluate the odds. To be sure, only a small percentage of the automobiles on the highways during this holiday will be involved in any kind of accident. And the percentage involved* in serious accidents will be evei> smaller. Even so, the number of deaths on the highways during this holiday weekend will be counted in the hundreds, and the

A Literary Giant Of The Times Has Gone

Assembly Didn Solve Problem

Mf LYNN NISBET

CHALLENGEWlien the resect Oeo*&l Afsembly en&cted Iswt fnerlly effectuating the iJa of Governor Sanford

greay^ enriched public tcbool vrogi^, and levied a tax on food to meet the demand. It did xkot solve** the problem f publio school education in. North CaroUnaquality or oth-arwlM.

Formal action of the State Board 0 Eldncaiioii last week and Iniormal reaction of rMrcponder-ara and other commentators ViroHghout the state make It dear that the legislation is just a starting point. Instead of being a solution it is accepted as a challenge by ^inds of the sehods to work out a plan or plans that will Improve the educational process. Almost cer-talnly these plans will involve more participation on part of local government units.

Some professional school people and some local officials are not too happy about this situation. They had hoped that the extra millions of dollars from the State treasury would alleviate their responsibilities. It is an open secret, In fact so open that there hasnt been any secrecy about it, that some professional school people had looked to the increased State appropriation as assurance of higher salaries for the same kind of work they have been doing. And some local officials had looked to the increased State m<mey and maybe some Federal aid as an out for reducing local taxes, or at least for maintaining the status quo without additional local uw>ort.

The tenor of all comment since the General Assembly adjourned has been that instead of easing the load on professionals and local units, the legislation really Imposes heavier burdens by dwnanding cooperation and matching effortif n(M; dollars

. to effectuate the program.

^ HISTORYAlthough the con-

titutitm of North Carolina for vooro than 100 years has required a State suwxnted uniform public echool system, the historie fact is that no such system hM ever been provided. Prior lo the educational renaissance led by Aycock, Joyner, Mclver, Page and others around the turn ef the century, the State did very UtUe for public schools. The burden rested upon local ommunitles.

prom 1901 to 1933. the State Bumlfected increasing concern and oontributed more money for publio education. The 1933 act Inaugurating the sales tax as-aumed full obligation for public school support by the State. That act went so far as to pro-feiblt any county or community from levying local taxes to Imre Its schools. Uniformity

was the goaland, uniformity meant minimum standards everywhere. Gradually the restrictions on local improvements were Jessened, and now nearly half the administrative units have extra local tax levies to provide better than minimum standard ad#antages for pupils.

The 1933 concept was that the counties and communities would provide buildings and physical equipment, that the State would provide all professional instruction. It .soon became apparent that absolute uniformity could not be maintained in either area. Some counties could not provide adequate physical facilities, and some could provide better than average curricula. Then it was that the State moved into the area Of aiding economically distressed counties in providing buildings.

Since 1949 the State has put a hundred million dollars into grants in aid for local school buildings. Meanwhile, the local units were constantly increasing contributions toward enriching the curriculum, paying extra teachers and other activities which the State had fully assumed in 1933.

JOINTFor many years operation of the public school system has been a joint State-local undertaking. with both levels of government sharing in both capital facilities and operational expenses. Numerous times during his Incumbency Governor Hodges suggested that local units should assume a large share of the total load. The locals did not respond favorably.

Governor Sanfords approach is somewhat different. He does not suggest that the local units assume a larger proportion of the school costs, but rather that both State and local governments must greatly Increase their efforts in order to produce quality education.

The challenge is not only in the area of spending money. The whole reason for higher salaries Is to obtain more efficient instructional service. Unless that greater efficiency is gained the money will be wasted. And, ss the editors unanimously have pointed out. the improvement can be had only through diligent effort at the local level, and by cooperation of parents.

The Greenville Daily Reflector aums up the situation pretty well in the concluding paragraph of an editorial: The effect of the new state program on public education in North Carolina should not be minimized; but it would be a grave mistake for the communities of the state to assume that the state program alonewithout greater efforts at the local levelwill give North Carolina the calibre of education that is desired for lt.s young people.

The Daily Reflector

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FvbUihBd Every Afternoon Except Sunday BffUblished 1882 DAVID JULIAN WHICHARD, PublWitr

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Tha Aasodatad Preea Is exclusively enUUed to use for publication allavt dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited to this paper and also the local news puMUhed herein All lifhta of publioatloo ol spsdal dispatches here are also reterveC

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AH advartisliif appjr nntst ba raoatved at least one dsy before ttop

The death of Ernest Hemingway has shocked the literary world, but perhaps the greatest impact of his sudden and violent death is upon the millions, not considered a part of the literary world, who over the years have spent countless hours following the adventures in Hemingways novels.

This bearded, rugged man indeed became a legend in his own time, not only because of hig brilliant writings, but because to many of those who read of his heroes saw in them the reflection of the author.

The writings of Hemingway, like those of other great men of literature, will live long after their author is placed in his final resting place. Those who study American literature decades from now will give attention to Hemingway. And those who read the stirring novels of literature down through the years will include in these the writings of Hemingway.

In truth one of the literary giants has now passed from the scene, not only in this country but in the world, and yet his writings will continue to hold a prominent place as long as men read.

ookina To An

Lconomic Boom

By RALPH ROBEY

Secretary of the Treasury Dillon made a speech before the Press Club in Washington a few days ago in which he said that at this time next year w may well be in the midst of an economic boom. In view of Mr. Dillons position within the Administration this must be accepted the official prediction as of this time.

The Secretary cited gross national product as evidence of his growing optimism. Gross national product is the mon^ary value 'Of all goods and services* produced in the nation. Its all-time high was in the second quarter of last year at $5|5 billion. In the first quarter of this year It has dropped to $500 billion. By the last three months of this year it will be $530 billion, according to Mr. Dillon, and for the year as a whole about $515 billion. In 1962 it will rise by a further 8 percent, and in the final quarter of that year it will be $570 billion.

That, of course, would be an extraordinary rapid rise. Certainly It supports the Secretarys statement that there is no need for emergency programs to stimulate the economy. Unfortunately various plans for increased government spending continue to be pushed in the Congress. They may not be emergency programs to stimulate the economy, but, if they are passed, they will have that effect in any case.

Mr. Dillon said that the federal deficit for this fiscal year, which ends this June 30, will be about $3 billion, and for the next fiscal year the deficit will be $3 7 billion, or even more If the Congress does not enact the requested increases in postal rates. It is not expected that the Congress will do this. These deficits, in the opinion of the Secretary, are "entirely appropriate. In fact, he made It clear that he would have considered it most unwise to have a reduction of government spending at this time.

And government spending will continue to rise. For the fiscal year starting July 1, 1962, it is estimated federal revenues will be about $90 billion, as compared with some $81 billion in the preceding year. This will be enough, said the Secretary, to cover the enlarged outlays and leave something over. Whether that surplus would be used to retire some of the public debt or for tax reduction has not yet been decided, although the Administration has promised a tax reduction bill for next year.

Will the deficits renew th danger of Inflation? The Secretary said definitely not because we have too much unused capacity and too many unemployed. The only threat of inflation, in the opinion of Mr. Dillon, is from wages being Increased by more than the rise of hourly output. This, he said, is especially dangerous at pre-ent in view of the deficit in our international balance of payments and the growing foreign competition. He expressed the hope that both labor and management would take a responsible view on this and not fwce prices higher. ,

All in all this was a most optimistic speech. How sound are the views that were expressed?

The forecast on gross national product appears on the high side, but not by too much.

Unless the Congress increases postal rates, as stated above, the estimated deficit for the next fuscal year is appreciably too low.

The rise of government spending is about as sure as anrthing can be.

Inflation is not something to stop worrying about. Even with unused capacity and unemployment, prices can advance as a result of government deficits. And there is no basis for assuming that labor and management ran prevent wage increases In excess of the rise of hourly output.

Opinions In Brie:

"Onr of tlir br-t bits of ad-vrrtiMiig thf.se days is,the one dealin({ wiUi tJie ga.soline tax situation which, briefly Ktated. is tiial 10 gallons oI ihis vital coininotiily yield,, the .'tale and federal Koverninent.s $i, or five tmie.s as much as the imixist on diamonds. No wonder diamonds are the best Irknid, and

tliat mink coat.s are a clo.se .second. Isnt it a queer formula that a.-,s'.s.se.s a neces.sity .so much higher than a luxury? Huntington (N Y,)Times.

only men can speak In whatever way given them to utter what their hearts hold.-WlUiam Allen White.

Our hardworking secretary says most men need two women In their livesa secretary to take everything down and a wife lo pick everything up. High Point Enterpri.se.

'This nation will survive if

"Better illuminated highways would help cut the traffic toll. P>wer illuminated drivers would help, too.' Bloomington (111.) Pantagraph.

Strength For To(day

By EARL L. DOUGLASS

IT COSTS TOO MUCH

Does oiie Hkve to drink to be popular? There aie many who say yes. Two thirds of the population of the United States partake of at least some Intoxicating liquor. Liquor is served at mast social functions. Therefore argue some people, unlesa you want to b^ a contrary, antisocial being you airnply have to go along ,wtth your fellows.

But there la a weakness to t'lhia position Which many do not recognize. Alcohol is a habit forming drug. The overwhelming majority of drinkers partake moderately. A sufficient number however, step tip their, drinking to such an extent that they become alcoholics or, problem drinkers. The number of

these alcohoUc.! or problem drinkers in the U. S. A. exceeds by 1.50 per cent the number of persons in all our colleges and Institutions of higher learning.

It is really absurd to talk about controlling the, increasing power over ones personality of a habit forming drug. There are some people who drink moderately because they do all things In moderation, butlheae are few. The vast majority of people who become Immoderate drinkers become so because of the easy accessibility of alcohol, conditions in their lives from which they want lemporarjf release, or because they have a certain type of nervous system

One does not have to drink 'to be popular. In fact, one runs a great risk if he tries to pur, chase popularity by this means.

Copyright,-. 1961, King Features Syndicate, Inc,

It would not be absurd for one who was accustomed to live in a log cabin to find a $30 a day expose account not only sufficient but with ample to spare. He might live on hamburgers and hot dogs, sleep wherever he Could, sponge on his acquaintances, use kerosene instead of gasoline for his car, wear a Beatnik costume and shave on Christmas and Easter only.

For the business man, particularly salesmen, $30 a day is almost too little to bother about, particulay if it is necessary to

^keep books too. And tliat is the worst thing about all these tax matters~the keeping of books. Let the boss get indigestion! Let the Japanese or West Germans sell the goods!

The United States pays $30,000 a year for Ambassador Adlai Stevensons apartment at the Waldorf Astoria. It is not too' much. Such an ambassador has to entertain constantly and he must have a suitable place for that purpose. We want votes in the United Nations and we need to do what Is necessary and usual to get them.

What would happen to Adlai

Stevensons representation at the;. United Nations if he were permitted to spend only $30 a day. Off-hand I would say that he would meet with complete failure. Many of the delegates would be insulted because they were not invited to dinner according to protocol. This is the way of the world. For $30 a day, Stevenson could not do much entertaining at the Waldorf or any other hotel or restaurant in New York.

Other Eiditors Saying Not Too Early To Start

(Henderstm Di^aich)

After finishing with the task of bending the backs of the people with newand, as many think non-essentialtaxes, the General Assembly in its closing hours got down to the business politicians like best, namely, politics.

A number f trial balloons were set adrift, and except in one instance attracted mostly bystanders only. The exception was the lavish praise heaped upon Speaker Joe Hunt of the House for governor in 1964. A number of the emotionally ebuUimt went overboiwd to commit themselves to his candidacy should it develop. The speaker naturally was flattered, and enjoyed the generous comment, whicn . spread it on rather thick.

Now, 1964 is a long way in the future, but not too early for those who are seriously ambitious to be chief executive to intensify their activity. That is at times almost as certain an omen as an informal announcement.

According to the gossip emanating from Capitol Square, neither Speaker Hunt nor any other aspirant will get that noni-Inatlon by default. Hunt is from Guilford, and right next door is Davidson county, whose Lt. Gov. Philpott is commonly spoken of as one who can distinctly hear the political bee buzzing about his ears. Isychologioally, he has one strike against him, in that no man has ever gone from the No. 2 pedestal directly to the No. 1 pinnacle by election. Some day, however, some one wifl upset precedent and make the grade. And it might be Philpott.

How very close either of these Piedmonters is to Governor Sanford we wouldnt know. But there is one man who is nearer; the throne than either of them.

and thats State Party Chairman Bennett, also from the same Piedmont neighborhood, and who was Sanfords campaign manager and money raiser last year.

The Govemws blessing has carried immense weight in former times and might do so again. But it seems to us that the 1964 gubernatorial sweepstakes might well open the way for a candidate with less liberal proclivities. That might be one way of fighting back against the rising Republican tide in North Caro-jlina. There are a^lot of people who are displeased with current trends in the State.

If Hunt, or Philpott, or Bennett are seriously drinking in the complimentary words spoken of them; they will need to start now to make themselves known over the State. It isnt too soon tor that.

A mid-term Leg^lature awaits the Sanford iuiministration two years hence, and the record established there wUl exert no small influence upon candidacies in 1964. Many citizens have had enough of ceaseless, burdensome, back-breaking tax levies and would like to find a way for relief. Candidates for governor, three years from now will do well to keep that in mind.

Gentlemen mentitxied for the States next chief executive were praised to the skies In the emotion-saturated final hours of the General Assembly. But no man has been elected yet. Whoever the winner might in the end be. he will find that he must pass through many days and months of travail in attempting to ascend the steeps of political eminence. And in the meantime, North Carolinians will be watching their every move in sizing them up as to policy, strategy and ability.

Of course, some business men have abused the expense accounts, for which there can be no justification. They charge everything that other men normal--ly pay for themselves out of earnings to their business expense account. But the fact that some men are dishoncst,^does not justify hog-tying American business so that it cannot do its work adequately. That is the fallacy of generalizing from the particular.

One of the most nnportant phases of Amrlcan business activity 4s the convention. There men meet those who are in the same line or who have similar or associated interests. There they listen to speeches on important subjects, often by representatives of government. There new ideas are widely circulated and new products are exhibited. The convention is essential to the conduct of modern business because men live so far apart-

Such conventions are usually held in large cities where there are suitable convention halls or in such special places ai Hot Springs where the hotels are adjusted for the purposes. New York City has recently buUt the Coliseum for convention purposes at great expense. Many large cities maintain convention bureaus to get the conventions to come to their cities. As regards political conventions cities are known to m3,ke a heavy contribution to the convention fund. The idea is that the shops, theaters, restaurants, hotels benefit from conventions which bring considerable money into the town and they are worthwhile.

No one could attend a convention today on a top limit of $30 a day. It would hardly pay for food, drinks and cigars. If it were one of those affairs to which the wife was brought to prove that the male animal really was a very busy man. doing honest and 'useful work, $30 a day would barely pay for the extra clothes mamma had to buy so that ahe might look as presentable as the rest of the folks. No man wants to hear:

Business must , be bad for Jack. Look at his wife! She wears clothes that a steno would

Stock . Crashes

By GEORGE SOKOSKY

xoense Account Review

By ROGER BAB80N

BABOON PARK. Mass..-Bus-ineas was prosperous during tha Civil War- due largely to inflation, and started to boom directly afterward. The shooting of President linooln. hpwever, caused stodES to tumble and a

iear depressed business fol-

)wed.

UNEXPECTED EVENTS Again business began to boom with further Inflation until the famous Black Friday** In 1869, followed by another year of depressed business. Stocks quickly rebounded, and again Investors were looking forward to several years of prosperity when, in late 1871, the Chicago Fire occurred. This was followed by the great Bosimi Fire in 1872.

The market had Just about again recorred when the failure of the great banking house of Jay Cooke aiM Company was sudd^Jiy announced. For the first time, the leading Exchanges closed for several weeks. There followed the great depression b^lnning in 1873; then higher stock prices finally returned as a result of another dose of inflation.

IMPORTANT BANKING FAILURES Suddenly, <hi July 3, 1881, Preddent Garfield was shot. A chain reaction of selling followed. During this period, the banking house of Grant -and Ward, and the two leading bulls, Henry Villard and James R. Keene, announced their failurea. Depression followed.

1892 was a year of great prosperity; but suddenly the failure of one of the ti Mggest blue chip corporations.

LABOR STRIKES BEGIN The following year the Pullman Strikefirst serious labor strikeoccurred and cast fear and gloom over the stock market. This was accompanied by a series of crop failures and mortgage foreclosures.

Again in 1897 business steadily improved and permanent prosperity was prophesied, accompanied by stock splits, mergers, and large security offerings. Suddenly, in 1903, there came rumors of great quantities of undigested securities. . . accompanied by the Investigation of large life Insurance and traction companies. The crash came just following the San Francisco Earthquake.

SUPREME COURT DECISIONS Up to this time the Supreme Court had decided questions only between the States. Suddenly, in the early 1900s, it issued its Northern Securities decision. This took the zip out of the stock market until the first World War began. After the closing of the New York Stock Exchange for

several months, there followed tf

(Continued oo page five)

some years of prosperitj

Then the sinking of the S. S. Lusitania and our entrance into World War I, All went well with the economy until after the War when soaring interest rates and commodity prices brought on another collapse. This was quickly corrected and the stock market continued to advance until it reached an all-time high in 1929.

SPECULATION AND THE CRASH OF 1929

Then came the business collapse in Europe with the continued withdrawal of gold, climaxed by the very sudden failure of the Austrian Credit-Anstalt. This caused startling repercus.sions throughout the world. There followed several years of real depression.

Beginning in 1938 there was another recovery in business lasting throughout World Warn but this did not help the stock market much until 1942. With the exception of several relatively brief adjustment periods, our country has enjoyed good business for about 23 years.

WHAT OF THE FUTURE?

Hie preceding one hundred years teach two lessons:

(1) That there h&s always been an economic race between inflation and production. These inflations were of different kinds, stock market, commodity, polit. ical; but they always ave business a shot in the arm. Fortunately, imrcaaed production absorbed this. . .the great era of railroad building; opening of the South fuul West to Arming -and finally increased oommodlty production due to inventions and advertistof, acoompenied by the elsctrioal, ebendeal. and aih tomobile eras.

(2) That whM eaoh prosperity period eamt lo an epA e

(OontioMd on (

Big Bargains In Air Conditioners

By ELMER ROESSNER There will be plenty of bargains in air conditioners again this year. The late start of warm weather in many parts of the .country is tq blame.

This is the third year in which demand has been le^ than production; prices will be at bedrock later in 1961.

However, consumers may do well to check model,.jjumbers. Because of the carry - over, some dealers win try td push I960 and even 1959 models off as currerit ones. Models made

casts, based on analyses of developing trends:

Spurts in housing; While hou*: Ing starts have been slow this yeajr, with little more than sea

sonal rises this spring, an increase will come later this year.

for those years art good, but buyers

yers can get even lower prices If they tan identify the years.

Conditioner sales will perk in the auto field, especially of. hang-on units. While many new cars are available Wth built-in air conditioners, thi extra charge is too steep for most buyers.. However, the lower-priced, attachable models, which can be removed if the car is traded in. will attract considerable attention.

RISE IN HOME BUILDING Here are other business fore-

Formation of new famlliejf is building up demand, and so is the high rate of attrition caused by slum clearance, highway building and other government spending. The 127,300 housing starts in iday were close to the 130,000 starts in May 1960, despite bad weather in many areas. With continued economic improvement. new housing should exceed last years marks substantially in September, if npt in August.

MORE CHINA-TRADE DEMANDS Watcb for a rise in propaganda for trade with Red China. Prospective traders will stress the argument that If it is moral to Jtrade with the Russians, it ought to be right to rade with the Chinese. And that trading with the 'Chinese Is .no worse than trading with such non-

democratic nations as South . Africa. Dominican Republic, South Korea, Portugal. Paraguay and other private ixeserves of dictators. Another argument will be: We cannot let the women and children starve, even if they are Chinese.

More door-to-door sales by department stores are ahead. Some of the biggest stores in the country will have salesmen pushing doorbells before fall. Whfle merchants have long considered this step, a promotional organization has developed plans by which big storef can test this, sales technique.

More apartihents will be available this fall at no Increase in rents. The swing to private homes, noted above, is creating vacancies in many cities. ment building, too, appears to have run ahead of demand.

More correct fashions will prevail on campuses this AU. Styles will Include more color, newer fabrics and fresher lines than usual, and these will result in greater jMrcssures for conformity among undergrads.

Tweeds, terns, cartful grooming fashion thU IMl,

M be the

OLD PROMOnOFB ADCWT I ROCKI TOUR ROODER !

From the In Ms eve. it was the olmr the OU Praaot

---- pfomoter

had an invention Riat needed

wa|M

hb eaid. Ekner, I have made!

He had eomethinf made, for ure. He showed a eyrloiM lad-get and said, This Is eir fortune. When attiAbid to either rear rocker of a roelring dwir tiB little devlee. powmUbr two batteries, will hwp chZ rocking for 40 hours.

Chair rocktaf, as you know, has been populiuiaed by the President. But this devlee takee out the last bit of energy need- ed. It rocks you.

**And what do jrou oaU Rt** we asked.

The^New Frontier automatic rocker, of coarse, he replied..

No inveetmeut. we eald