I^AGE FOURrw DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE. N. C

Wednesday. May 10, 1901

Wednesday, May 10, 1961

Nikita, Youre a Genius-

No Eas^JTask Confronts These Five

New; officials of the city orGreenville today have taken their oaths of office and upon their shoulders for the next two years will rest the primary responsibility for operation the government of the city.

A little more than a week ago these five men were candidates for election to office along with others who sought the posts these five have won. Today, however, these five men are not candidates, but rather they are the elected representatives of all the people of Greenville.

It is not to be expected that their every decision daring the next two years will meet with the approval of all of the citizens of Greenville. It is not expected that these five men will unanimously agree on what is the best solution to each matter of business which confronts them as city officials during the coming two years. Insofar as possible, however, it is their job to operate the citys government in keeping with the wishes,of the majority of the citizens of Greenville and in an effective and efficient manner.

It is not an easy task these five men have assumed today. The job of providing good government is never an easy task. It is one which requires considerable time* and effort on the part of the elected officials.

During the next two years Mayor Charles King and Councilmen Aldridge, McGowan, Brimley and Lee

N.C. Newspaper Girculation Up

By LYNN NISBET

NEWSPAPERSThere are !-most enough daily newspapers jffinted in North Carolina to provide one paper for every iamily in the state.

The population of North Carolina in the 1960 census was 4.556,-115. These people are distributed among something more than a million families, the average iamily Icciuding about four people.

The Editor Sz Publisher Year Book. whicTi is the "bible^' for newspaper stAtislics. lists 47 dai-newsiMpers published in N(Mth Carolma in 1960. with ag gregate circulauon of 1,051.768. A few of these papers go outside the state. Actual figures are not available, but it is believed that a lot more daily papers come Into the state than go out. The big stacks of New Y<rk. Washington, Atlanta and other metro-pobtan papers at the news lands Is evidence of this fact.

News stand sales of Sunday papers from out of state exceed sales of in-state papers, because large percentage of the in-state papers are delivered on regular circulation.

MORNING There are nine morning dailies published in North Carolina with aggregate circulation of 504,715 ranking from the little Tryon Bulletin with slightly more than 2,000 circulation up to the Charlotte and Raleigh papers with more than 125.000 each.

Morning papers are published at Asheville, Charlotte, Durham, Greensboro, Raleigh. Thomas-ville, Tryon. Wilmington and Winston-Salem. (The Thomas-vllle paper is in fact a morning edition of the High Point Enterprise, is new and circulation of less than 5,000. Every point except Thomasville and Tryon that has a morning iper also has an afternoon paper.

AFTERNCX)N-There are 38 afternoon newspapers with aggregate circulation of 547,053 nearly 43,000 more than the total morning figure. The range is from slightly above 3,000 for the Tarboro Southerner to about 65,-000 for the Charlotte Ne?a.

Afternoon papers are published at Ahoskle. Asheville. BurUng-ton, Charlotte. Concord. Dunn, Durham, Elizabeth Oty, Pay-ettevllle, Gastonia. Goldsboro, Greensboro. Greenville, Henderson. Hendersonville, Hickory, High Point, Jacksonville. Kannapolis, Kinston, Lenoir, Lexington, Lumberton, Morganton, New Bern, Raleigh. Reidsville. Roanoke Rapids, Rocky Mount. Sal-isburj. Sanford. Shelby. Statesville. Tarboro, Washington, W-mlngtt, Wilson and Wlnston-Balem.

Tbe afternoon papers at Ahos-kie. Concord, Fayetteville, High Point, Kannapolis. Roanoke Rapids, Rocky Mount and Salisbury have Sunday morning editions. At Asheville, Wilmington and Winston-Salem the morning and afternoon papers combine for a joint Sunday edition.

NON-DAILYThe North Carolma Press Association directory lists 145 non-daily newspapers pubUshed in this state-7-113 weekly. 29 semi-weekly, and three tri-weekly. The circulation range of these papers if from a fW hundred to more than 5,000. The figures have not been added for purpose of this story, but the total will go above a quarter milaon.

Comparing current newspaper statistics with figures of a quarter century or more ago, shows fewer newspapers in the non-daily field, but larger aggregate circulation and greatly enhanced prestige for those presently published. Many of the nondailies have editorial staffs and mechanical facilities far above the average of the daily papers between World Wars I and II-

SERVICE The newspapers published in North Carolina are dedicated to serving thetr local constituency. Every daily paper and a great many of the non-dailies have big wire" facilities of the Associated Press, the United Press International. or some other or bothIncluding wire-photo service. This eM^bles them to give their readers first hand news from all corners of the globe and from outer space.

Primarily the North Carolina pai>ers devote attention to local news, matters of chief concern to North Carolinians and of less importance to people living elsewhere. With few exceptions the North Carolina papers are owned and operated by citizens of North Carolina. In those exceptional cases, the men and women who do the actual writing and management are native to the soil and indigenous to the customs o the state.

A casual glance at the editorial and news pages of the state papers will show that despite this local primacy, they are not provincial. The diversity of feature stories and columns presenting all sides o almost every issue afford opportunity for general appraisal on other than localized basis.

This variety of coverage and the fact that North Carolinians spend some $20 mlUioo a year for newspapersplus other millions for magazines and trade publicationswould seem to beUe the accusation sometimes made that Tar Heels are ignorantly

will face many problems as the representatives of the people of Greenville and as city officials who will have to Qiake final decisions on matters of government. In the future as in the past the problems will not be insurmountable 80 long as the elective qffcials give their careful study^ consideration and diligent effort to the task of resolving the problems.

As the elected officials of the city, these five men will need the cooperation of the citizens of Greenville as a whole in carrying out the wishes of the people. They likewise should have the benefit of the thoughts of the citizenry as "a w hole on matters pertaining to the citys government and its operation.

We w'ish for Mayor King and the members of the City Council who serv^e with him every success during their term of office, for we are well aware, a's are these officials, that the successful operation of the local government is essential to the continued progress of Greenville and the betterment of its citizens as a w'hole.

Sharing Of Opinions Is Important To . U.S.

Former President Eisenhowers decision to speak out'as a private citizen on public issues is a decision which is in keeping with the finert American traditions and one whi^h has been followed by other former presidents to the benefit of the nation.

During the Eisenhower administration former President Truman did not hesitate to speak out on major issues of national importance, and while his statements were often controversial, they made an important contribution to the cross-section of opinion held throughout the nation. The same thing may well apply to what Gen. Eisenhower has to say in the months and years ahead as various issues and important questions face the government and the American people.

Certainly the American people do not expect a former president to try to determine policy or give orders to the administration which succeeds hi^. At the same time it is generally recognized that a man who has held the highest office of the land is certainly one of the most qualified persons in the nation to speak as a private citizen on public issues. He has a first-hand appreciation of the problems and an understanding of the issues that few other persons have had the opportunity to acquire. The fact that he shares his opinions with the publicwhether they agree or disagree with what he saysis of importance to the nation and the decisions which will determine the course the nation follows.

A former president, in our opinion, not only has the right to speak out as a private citizen on major public issuesbut indeed it is his obligation to do so for the' welfare of the nation." r ^

How Can U.S.

se Power?

it-ndV**- Tnc.

T"" mkuiNi

By HENRY HOWARD

The Daily Reflector

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All Very Space-Conscious

With the recent U.S- achievement in the Space Race, It is probably safe to guess that Americans In general have begun to perk their ears more quickly and exhibit more attentiveness when space-related subjects are at hand.

And it is also probably safe to guess that the majority o Americans arc laymen only. That is. a great many of us can get ourselves lost in spacious terminology of space.

Still, its quite interesting to the average American to sit quietly and listen to the space ^vocabularies of the nations expert* in that field. We are eager to learn.

One term we have learned to recognize appears a good example of how astronaut lingo can

baffle.

Its a common, everyday word that weve been using for years and years. But whoever wrote the six-letter word Into our language probably never thought It would be applied to leaving this earth.

A little booklet we scanned through the other day was entitled; Escape from the Earth.

Its contents explained what Is meant by "escape velocity. It also outlined the basic step* in generating enough force in the proper direction to escape from the earth.

As we expose our earth-bound minds Yo such a brand *new idea, it may well be difficult to understand why we should consider a journey into space an escape. Escape usually means

hasty departure from something undesirable.

Thats for prisoners and the like, we always thought. And, even with all the space activity nowadays, its hard for us to honestly believe this old earth is really undesirable.

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) - One of the major dilemmas of the Kennedy administration is not lack of military power; which it has to enormous degree, but how to use what it has to stiif-arm the advance of communism.

It cant in any situation use that power without risking war. In some places it doesnt want to tsdce the riskas In Laos; In others it appears willing toas in West Berlin.

Where It is unwilling to take the risk it needs programs to win the allegiance of people who will otherwise buy communism if it seems to fit their needs.

Just because Americans despise communism, it doesnt follow that backward peoples also despise It 11 it offers more than they have now or can look forward to. In short, in some places ideas are better than tanks.

The administration says it Is determined to defend West Berlin if the Russians try to shut it off. But it has to. The city is both the gateway to Western Europe and a symbol of Western unity.

Thus Secretary of State Dean Rusk at Oslo Monday was able to join with other foreign ministers of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in a firm resolve to stand up for Berlin against expected Russian prcssm e.

This could mean war. But unless Berlin is defended, the Western alliance probably will fall apart. If so, the individual European nations will have to make their separate peace with Russia and this country will be left alone and Isolated.

But the Kennedy administrar tion has shown none of this determination In moving into Laoa against the Red-led Pathet Lao guerrillas who have taken over two-thirds of the country while the United States gnawed its nails and waited for a ceasc-ffre.

The eventual loss of all Laos to communism seems inevitable. But Laos, in an inside pocket of Asia, is a bad place for the United States to get involved militarily. There was no support for such a move in this country.

But the next, and much more Important effort of communism, is in South Viet Nam. Again the United States may face the choice of intervening or seeing all Viet Nam go down the Communist di-ain. If it does, all Southeast Asia is open to Red pressure.

The administration talks of training guerrilla fighters and sending them into backward countries to train natives in that kind 0 warfare against potential Red guerrillas.

But the basic question remains: Are the backward people anywhere going to show any interest in fighting ConununisLs if they offer promises and programs which seem better and more immediate than anything the local government backed by this country proposes?

Last Sunday in the Washington Post reporter Warren Unna, after a trip to Southeast Asia, wrote of the war in Laos where this country backs a right-wing government and Russia backs the Pathet Lao guerrillas.

By general acknowledgment of both American and British officials on the spot, the Pathet Lao is capable of winning any nationwide election hands down, Unna wrote.

Unna didnt say why the Laotians prefer the Pathet Lao to the American-backed right-wing government. But a guess can be made; the Pathet Lao has a program that makes more sense to the Laotians.

The story of Laos is likely to be repeated again and again in Southeast Asia and elsewhere unless this country can push the government it backs into doing more for the people than the Communists promise.

Other Editors Saying U.S. Has Saved Face

(Henderson Dispatch)

It would have been a calamity ot the first magnitude had Commander Shepard's dash into outer space aed. United States prestige rode with him 115 miles into the heavens and more than 300 miles down the testing range over the Atlantic Ocean.

Shepards recovery in apparent perfect condition demonstrated that this country at long last is on the road to achievements in the space race greater than anything yet attempted. What was accomplished, however, did not equal the Russian astronauts orbiting the earth in an hour and a half, if he did that, last month, as the Kremlin proudly boasted.

There can be no doubt about the reality of the United States test. All communications agencies were on hand to describe and photograph the take-off and likewise recovery of the Redstone booster rocket far out in the ocean. In contrast, the Russians not only did not permit photographs of their man circling the globe, but thus far have offered no details as to where his flight began nor where it ended. Withholding of such information has created doubt In many minds that the space flight actually took place. To be on the safe side In recognizing Russian capability, however, we had best assume that the claim is on the level. .

No attempt the United States has ever made was as well prepared as this one. Nothing was left undone to assure success in the venture. Fortunately, it clicked to approximate perfection. Shepard was in com

munication by radio with ground forces most of the time he was aloft. Moreover, the landing was in the precise spot planned, indicating possibilities in development of rockets of this type in the future.

Assuming that the Russian Gagarin made the orbit credited to him, what Shepard has now done is rather tame by comparison. But at least there is no conjecture of its reality. It will be a starting point for greater things In the conquest of outer space. It was the first American attempt to send a man aloft and return him safely to the surface. How many times the Russians tried the same stunt before succeeding the world has not been permitted to know There may have been a number, and human life may have been lost in the undertaking.

For the United States this was an absolute must. It just had to succeed, for the sake of morale here at home and for maintaining American prestige. Later this year it is planned to orbit a man around the earth, and for that the -preparations will be equally as meUculatc down to the last infinitesimal detail

In this success, the United States has saved face in scientific achievement. It has been demonstrated beyond any doubt that, while we may have trailed the Russians, there is the capacity to equal their feat and possibly in the near future to exceed it. There is full Justification for the rejoicing that is felt throughout this country, as much for what will be done in the future as to what Shepard did Friday.

Its been several days now since it happened, but it was indeed an unusual event.

Pitt (unty Clerk of Superiw Court D. T. House Jr., explained to us he was performing a portion of his dutysafeguarding the efficient operation of Ms office in the courthouse.

It ws on a Monday morning just* after House and his staff had arrived to begin another w'eek of keeping tabs on the business of the clerks office.

It was a normal Monday morning. That Is. it was normal except for one thing. When House and Ms crew entered the office that morning, they were not walking into an empty room.

No indeed. A visitor was sied already. Maybe I had been there all weekend. Nobody ever* knew.

Minutes after the regular occupants arrived, the Intruder suddenly made himself known as he dashed madly across the floor

toward the nearest exit.

Judge House caught him halfway across and crushed Ms escape effort. The intruder died instantly.

The clerk explained:

I had to kill Mm. My girls in here always do a good job. But we wouldnt have gotten anything done with that mouse loose/in the office.

In Brief

The real purpose of aaitl-trust legislation is to protect the consumer. However, the fact that all such legislation is aimed specifically at management implies that business and Industry alone are in a position to victimize the public, and this Is decidedly not the case.New Milford (Conn.) Times.

Ifby setting an example, by enlightened foreign aid, by urging iron-hand rulers to spread a little wealth to the masses, and improve living standardswe fight these conditions, we would have less Cubas. Franklin (Va.) Tidewater News.

An Idea Clearing

House

By GEORGE E. 80K0LSKT

C(Hyrlght. 1961, King Features

Syadieate, Inc.,

Recently General David Sar-noff discussed the problem of communicaqpg scientific knowledge. Some comments were made on tois subject in these writings and have received an interwting comment from a yoiffig scientist, part of wMch I give you;

**. . .1 was very interested In ^ your article on Dave Samoffs suggestion for an idea clearing house: I thought of this Idea several years ago but dismissed it as being too expensive. Never- . theless, the entire scientific community needs such 'a system imperatively. If impetent, Mgh-ly trained brainpower is the nati<m8 most valuable, and rarest, resource, It is surely a waste to iMive It spend Its time thumbing through indexes in libraries. With the every increasing flood of literature, a scientist can spend more time doing paper research than the lab research hes paid for. If, while looking through Ms microscope, he sees a green spot in a cell, he ought to be ,able to dial green spot into a compter and be supplied within a minute with a bibliography covering everything that has ever been written on the subject of green spots. Then he will have time to do Ms work.

The problem, however, doesnt end here. At the present, the only way a new fact or theory can be given circulation is through the professional journaJs. At one time when little work was being done in the sciences, the journals were adequate for the task. Today, however, with tens of thousands of laboratories cranking out endless rivers of data, the trade papers cant possibly do their Job. Some of the better ones are publishing ~ material submitted as far back as tM*ee years with the backlog 'growing each month. Even more appalling, imporiant contributions are being published in little known periodicals which* no one reads simply because the lir^ is too long at the bigger Journals. These Important works often pass completely without notice only to be rediscovered much later by duplicated effort wMch could have been avoided by such an institution as Sar-noffs clearing house.

The worst problem, though, is the politics of getting published. Many scientists rush into print to save their university positions. Others wear publications like a genera] wears hLs ribbons, and crowd the Journals at the expwise of better work by newcomers. On the other hand, many young men will fight to get published just to get a better initial job, even if their theses arent of sufficl^t scope to interest an entire profession. These and other abuses pervert many periodicals from their I*oper purposes thus making them even less efficient means of transmitting scientific advancements. .

Young men come straight to the point because they have nothing to lose but their youth. Excellent thinking Is done by young scholars, even in the social sciences. This material is likely to be in the scholarly Journals wMch have very samll circulations and are often passed over unnoticed for years, until some popularizer brings them to the fore in a newspaper or

magazine article.

One of the misfortunes of the professional writer is that he is often too verbose to be interesting. too bogged down in 4he jargon of his discipline, as he calls his profession, to be readable'. He writes for a handful of colleagues who will praise him and for a faculty which

will vote him a full professor-

sMp. But his impact upon his

community and Ms time Is nil.

I do not read many scientific journals becau.se some of those subjects are closed to me, but I do read manv learned journals in fields with wMch I am familiar and take ideas from them and often quote from them, but I must admit that much of it is hard to pin down. The academician is fearful lest be be suspected of being a layman; therefore he writes in a style wMch will make Mm sound like a translation from the German. That was not true of an earlier generation of learned men, such as Charles A. Beard, James Harvey Robinson, John R. Commons. or even Woodrow Wilson (Continued on Pagt i)

New Built-In Inflation Pressure

Strength For Today

Bv EARL L. DOUGLASS

BE'TTER PAY ATTENTION

Alcoholism is becoming one of the most serious problems in our national life. The cause of alcoholism Is beverage alcohol although people sometimes try to make.lt appear that the cause of alcoholism is not alcohol at all but psychological tendencies wMch lead men to drink immoderately To be sure, these tendencies cqmpllcate the situation but only in a small percentage of cases do they actually cause alcoholism to occur. And of course, idcohol com<s into the picture eventually. There can be no alcoholism without* alcc^ol.

One hundred deaths occur on the highw-ays of our country every day In the case of half ol these, alcohol'is In some way Involved. Two-thirds of all the arrests reported by the F, B. 1,

are in some way associated with drinking. As a homebreaker and as the cause of discord between husband and wife, friend and friend, alcohol clearly holds a place of first Importance.

Why do people drink? The best answer is. "Because they want to. Other tMngs may ntor in tc complicate the situation, but the desire for temporary relief from frustration, tension, and despair leads people to seek the solace of alcohol.

In the case of an amazing number a habit is formed, and all too frequently this habit becomes an addiction.

We may not like to face this problem, but face it we must. D becomes Incfcasingly so serious that we must do something about it or it will do something dlsa.stroy.s |b us and to our civiilzation.

By ELMER ROESSNER

The increase andexpansion of minimum wages will build into the American economy even more pay rises, price increases and infiation.

There will be far-reaching effect* of the law that brings 3.-600,000 more workers under Federal mnimums and gives them and 24.000.000 others a minimum of $1.15 an hour this year and $^25 an hour in 1963.

No one. except perhaps the unemployed can fall to symimthize with a worker getting less than $50 for a 40-h9ur week. Yet the nation cannot escape reckoning the cost of such a minimum. It has a ooist, too otherwise why ^ nol make the minimum $1.50 an hour, or $2.50, or $5?

One of the costs arises from the fact that when the least skilled and least aiH workers are raised to $1.25, the more skiU-eo will want equal, and perhaps even proportionate, Increas* es

If Good old Joe, the plant .sweeper, gets a rafse from tl to *I$i.l5 an hour, then Good..*Young

Marty, who has been getting $1.15 an hour as an apiwentioe Machine operator, will want $1.30 an hour. And* the machine operator now getting $1.30 will want 1.45 or $2 an hour. And so it will go through shop after shop. Some will be content with equivalent raises; others will want proportionate boosts. Even foremen getting $160 a week will feel they are worth $200.

Wage differentials for skills, responsibilities and other elements are an integrad part of the economic system, and the Increase in mnimums as it has in the pastwin exert an upward preesure on all pay.

The added mwiey to pay these Increase's must come out of prices Wages swe one of the cMef elements in costs today. If wages go up, say 25 per cent over three years, then prices must ic up approximately the same percentage.

Recoftiltion that higher minimum* would result in Mgher prices was implicit In President (Kennedys Invitation to American textile mills to seek relief

from foreign competition through the Tariff Commission and the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization.

It is in textile* and other competitive product* made abroad that we will encounter anotter kind of trouble.

We can, of course, increaee the minimum wages of mill workers, factory hands and apparel .makers 15 and 25 per cent. But we cannot increase the minimum* of Japanese, Hong Kong, Western European and other workers. Industries In those countries will have notber 15 or 25 per cent advantage over American industries. And 1 we raise barriers against their exports to this country, they can still have that competitive advantage in the markets of Asia. Latin America and Africa. MAY HU EMPLOYMENT

There will probably be very few American workers laid off because their minimum pay Is-Increased by 15 or 25 cents an hour. But millions may lose their Jobs becaiise American mills and factories now are in a

worse competitive position compared to low-wage producers abroad.

Meanwhile, the rise In prices and wages is certain to bring more inflation. Unless these are offset by greater increases in automation and productivity, or offset by higher taxes, further inflation is Inescapable. Once again savers, pensioners, buyers of insurance and annuitants will be bled; the dollar will be cheapened still further, and the outflow of gold will be resumed.

BLACK MARKETS FLOURISH THE WORLD AROUND There are black markets in 60 countries. Picks World Currency Report says. Most of them reflect citizens lack of faith in * , their own currency; that is, they want to exchange local currency for some foreign currently. In many of these markets, the dollar i* worth much more than the official exchange rate. In Albania, for example, the doUar Is worth 10 times the official rate; in Poland. 20 tUpes.