/

PACE FOUR

K THE DAILY REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, N. C

Monday, March 27, 1961

Monday, March 27, 1961

Temporary Action Likgly To Stay

4

He Seems Pretty Big

The extension of unemployment benefits for an the additional weeks of compensation and it has been additional 13 weeks as an anti-recession measure of estimated that some three million unemployed people fpHprfll crovernment onens a new avenue for, a may receive nearly a billion dollars in extra compen-

the federal government opens a new temporary* governmental measure to become a permanent part of economic structure of the nation.

Certainly there are people in many hard-hit sec-

sation during the period.

As an anti-recession measure, the program will alleviate many serious conditions during the period tions of the countrv who will benefit greatly by be- of high unemployment. As a permanent part of the mir able to draw an extra 13 weeks unemployment unemployment compensation structure, however, the compensation. And even in the future when unem- program could quickly become a| distinct liability plovment is not nearlv the problem it appears to be rather than an asset to the economy of the nation. U todav. there will be those who stav out of work iopg- could sfip-e to encourage unemployment on the part er than the period prcviouslv designated for unem- of some individuals who may not be anxious to work plovment insurance payments'. anyway. The cost of the ProBW. wh'ch is consider-

. 1 \ f ablc. would put a heavier tax burden upon those who

Having,become a f Jhe unemploj^ gainfully employed. Because* of the increase in

compensation program as an cZb P^.vroll ta.xes required to finance the additional pro-

will the extension of uiiemployment paj n.c.vo higher the general cost of both

nue after the emergency has passed? u i.

The n^v law specifies that an unemployed per- goods and serNuces throughout the economy, son may drAv additional unemployment payments for If this temporary 'measure follows the pattern

which he is eligible for a period equal to one-half of other steps taken under the same label and be-the duration of the original benefits. Since some states comes permanent, it will not only place an addition-already provide unemployment payments for up to al heavy tax burden on the-economy but also W!!! 26 weeks, it will mean in those states a person may give permanent status to the philosophy that an in-draw unemployment for as much as 39 weeks in any dividual who meets certain requirements while worj^-

Change n Our

living

NT L you UOOK tax BIfi 6Uy.'

ing one-fourth of the year is eligible to be paid compensation for not working the other three-fourths of the year. ;

year. Thus a person who becomes eligible for payments would be entitled to draw unemployment compensation for all but 13 weeks of the year.

The law also specifies a t\vo-,j'ear time limit for

. Single-Shot Vote Ban

Get

ja'wmaKers

Georgian Plan

To Bolster Democracy

By LYNN NISBET

B.\CK DOOR Members of the General Assembly found on their desks Friday morning oenified copies of a resolution adopted by the Georgia legislature several tueeks ago requesting the Congress to propose a Constitutional amendment that would enable 13 States to invalidate 'Certain decisions of the United States Supreme Court. The suggested amendment would read:

Sectio^. Where the Legislatures 01 over one-fourth of the several States conclude that a United States Supreme Court decision has transferred powers not authorized by the Constitution of the United States, and where aaid decision transfers powers from the sevwal States to the Federal Government, said decision shall, upon the application and request of the Legislatures of over one-fourth of the States, be Invalid until subsequently approved by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States; provided, however, that said application and request shall be made within three years after the day of said decision.

Since it usually take three to five years to get a constitutional amendment ratified, the three-year limitation would preclude effect on decision made prior to 1963 and would not affect the 1954 decisions which occasioned most of the animosity.

BOMB RANGEThe proposal of the armed forces to establish a bombing range in Hyde county has aroused many North Carolinians and sportsmen from all parts of the country. A joint resolution sponsored by Sen. P. D. Midgett and Rep. W. J. Lupton passed both branches of the Legislature under suspension of rules and without dissenting vote, asking the Federal government not to take over any more land in Hyde, and specifically not to take it for a bomb range alte.

The preamble to the resolution points out that the Federal fovemment already has acquired title to 116.584 acres of land bi Hydemore than one-fourth cf the total area of the county. Taking this land off the tax books imp>oses heavier burden on Hyde county property owners to support the local government.

To that degree the Midgett resolution might be termed local, and Hyde county is not in as bad situation as Hoke and Swain In that respect. In broader aspects the problem is not local:

in fact It reaches far beyond the borders of North Carolina. Lake Mattamuskeet. which is in Hyde county, and Pamlico Sound between the mainland and Ocra-coke. also in Hyde, are internationally famed rendezvous for mipatory waterfowl. Also the waters of the Sound are p<^lar for both sports and commercial fishing. These attractions bring thousands of \nsitors from all over. The money they spend partically compensates for the loss of taxes on the property taken over by the Federal government. Establishment of a bomb range in that area would destroy the fishing and shooting and deiwive the county and state of valuable revenue.

Because the water fowl and fish constitute a major "travel attraction the Travel Council of North Carolina at its meeting In High Point Monday added its approval to the Midget-Lupton resolution.

PAGES-When the leglslator.s come back for the seventh full week of the session they will find it necessary to get acquainted with an entirely new staff of pages. For many years the custom was to name pages, the boys and girls who carry bills from members to the reading clerk when Introduced, run errands for the legislators and perform numerous little personal services, for the full ses-m Sion, The Jobs got so much In demand, the parents of pages recognised the value of the training In citizenship, the practice has been for several sessions to change shifts about three times.

This policy has the advantage of permitting a lot more boys and girls to serve, but it also tends to handicap smooth procedure. Just about the time one "shift of pages learn where Representatives of Senators are seated, and what they are sup-pa!ed to do. they go off the Job and a new green bunch comes on.

xTTG*____

The Reflector is in sympathy with the aim of the legislative proposal to halt single-shot voting in North Carolina through a state-wide law that applies to primaries and general elections.

It is unfortunate, however, that the legislature has to consider enacting such legislation in order to insure that voters will discharge the responsibility By GEORGE SOKOLSKY they have as conscientious citizens.

There have been many instances in which many voters obviously voted for only one person from a field of several candidates to fill several posts. It happens where a county has two or more seats in

the General Assembly, or where members of the City Features

Council or Board of County Commisioners are elect-

Gonservatives See Trenc.

Syndicate, Inc.

- , ^ j A j Numerous organizations aped at large rather than from designated areas within

pear all over the coun^ which

the political subdivision. have a conservative tinge. Not

The bill provides that the ballot would not be U o' hf re

counted if the voter marked the ballot for fewer can- ^ SJeresting "ishat there are

didates than the number of posts to be filled. so many of them; that they

It is the responsibility of the individual citizen range from college groups to

voter to participate in the naming of officials to up iria^r uLns

each elective office. The voter who marks his ballot or womens clubs, they form for only one of several elective officesand does so their own associations which

as a

take on appreciable sizes.

Some day some one wiH appear who will mobilize this conservative force politically and

to use the single-shot vote as a political w^eapon-is hardly shouldering his responsibility to participate in the election of all officials.

Passage of the bill will strengthen democratic produce a third party of great government throughout North Carolina and will as- strength and large numbers, In sure a more accurate reflection of public sentiment at the ballot box toward all elective offices.

fact, such an element is developing in the Republican - Party under the leadership of Senator Barry Goldwater who will undoubtedly be a Republican candidate for the Presidency at the 1964 Convention. Stnator Barry Goldwater represents the increasing conservative strength among intellectuals. Richard Nixon would surely have been elected had he recognized the conservative ground-swell.

This trend is serious and sincere. It does not matter that some of its expressions are absurd. Again, the day is not far distant when a philosophic leader will appear among them, a 20th Century Alexander Hamil-

Stand Taken On Shorter Week

Other Editors Saying ... Story Of Sales Tax

OLD FRIENDS Oldtimer.s around the Capitol recognize iamihar subject matter for legu;-lation that comes up almost every .session. Like the desire of many crafts and trades to have splf-regulatory examining and artminLstrative boards, the continuing scrap between certified public accountants and just plain public accountaints; between civil engineers and land surveyors: between registered

nurses and practical nurses: and many more Instances of borderline Jurisdiction between recognized professions and "near professional practitioners.

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By RALPH ROBEY

President Kennedy Is the first chief executive of this nation who has ever said definitely that he is opposed to a "reduction of the work week. This Is a statement of substantial importance.

As far back as the depression of the thirties, labor leaders were urging a shorter work week as a means of helping employment. and just a few years ago the .same idea was placed high on the list of demands of some of the larger unions. Even now we have the propasal being discussed in top quarters of the labor movement, with indications that this will be asked for in coming negotiations.

Mr. Kennedys comment came at a regular press conference. He was asked: "Mr. President, labor unions want a shorter work week to cope with automation and unemplo>TT\ent. . .are you for it and if so, would you prefer a shorter work day or a four-day week?

The Presidents reply wa.s: "I am opposed to a shorter work week. I am hopeful that we can have employment high five days a week, and forty hour.s. which Is traditional in this country, and which Is ne-ce.ssaiy if we are going to continue economic growth, and maintain our commitments at home and abroad.

Several comments need to be made in appraising this answer.

Fir.st, theres nothing "tradl-tioiial about forty hours a week. Many persons can still remember when the standard work week was much over forty hours, and in .some lines of employment that still Is true. On the other hand we hav^ some industries which have reduced the work week to well below forty hours and this Is a part of their labor contract Forty hour.s a week is merely a point where, in certain

Instances, overtime mus begin.

Second, forty hours a week Is less than many persons prefer to work. This Is shown by the extent of so-called moonlighting which means having a second Job. Granted, in many instances the reason for the second job is the desirability, or necessity, of making more Income, but that Is not the sole reason, and shortening the work week, without a corrsponding reduction of pay, which labor will not consider. Increases the cost of production which means either higher prices or lower profits, and In both instances hurts employment.

Third, the proper way to solve the unemployment problem Is to create more jobs, not spread the work. This will involve, as we have said so many times, more capital investment to increase the efficiency of production. the development of new and better products, more reasonable taxes on both individuals and businesses, more regulation of labor union leaders, lowering of prices as a result of increased productivity, and still harder selling on the part of business managers.

Fourth, with this statement by the President, business management should have the coiu-age to be more firm ^in resisting unju.stifled demands by labor unions leaders. This does not moan that no wage increases should be given, but It does mean that management should remember that whenever there Is room for increasing wages there also alternatively ts room for reducing prices, and a reduction of prices may be much b('tter than higher wages for everyone concerned.

Finally, the President by this statement placed him.self In opposition to labor union thinking more clearly than by any-(Contlnued on Page 6)

(Wilson Times)

When did the sales tax go on foods? How long was it on? You would think this easy to answer. But it isnt.

"We The People says the sales tax was born in May, 1933. You recall that Governor Ehringhaus had the courage to advocate it to save the school. An emergency existed, schools were closing, te;achers had had BO pay for months.

Governor Ehringliaus campaigned against the sales tax and luxury tax, "as economically unsound, ethically debatable and the last expedient of desperation.

In a courageous and statesmanlike manner he saved the schools with the sales tax. Those were the dark days of 1933 when the states finances were on the brink of bankruptcy.

Even then the nine basic foods were exempted; flour, meal, meat, lard, milk, molasses, salt, sugar and coffee.

We do not have the wording on the 1935 session but "We The People says the exempted food items were put back in the bill and for two years we had "an almost across the board sales tax

The Greensboro News says the 1935 General Assembly "exemp-te(^all food purchased for home use from the tax illustrating again the deeply Instilled feeling against a tax on food.

Going back to the 1936 campaign. Governor Hoey promised to restore the exemptions.

Both sources agre that in 1940, under Governor Broughton the sales tax on food except meals in restaurants, was exempted

from the sales tax.

These exemptions have continued since 1940 and many others added. In fact the sales tax on foods has been considered the tax of last resort, io be used in times of stress when the revenue is down because of recessions and the like. No such emergency exists today.

The reaction ot the program offered by the Governor centers on the food and medicine tax.

The sales Ux Is a tax on top of all other taxes. We read recently where a loaf of bread carried 115 separate taxes.

The sales tax, put on as a temporary, emergency measure, is accepted as the best way to raise tax money in a low income state.

But the sales tax on foods and drugs is said to cost each person and family a ridiculously low amount. But the total comes to $50 million on the essentials, as foods and drugs.

What will be the outcome of the present fight? Will the tax go on to finance the mammoth education improvement program? There is much fat that can be cut w'ithout hurting the quality as desired by everyone.

But if the sales tax ts put on foods and drugs you may expect as many political heads to fall as in the beginning days. The Issue will be fixed for the next election. For you cannot separate taxes and politics.

Also money alone wont produce quality although quality requires money.

The real Issue is thus; Is that much money needed at one time? And how is the best way to raise the money?

ton, who can state the Conservative cause in terms that are understandable and pertinent and relate themselves to the course of events. This kind of thinking is developing in the "National Review and in Human Events.

The focus Is still on criticism rather than upon a constructive program. Criticism is not sufficient to generate enthusiasm for a cause; there must be positive thinking, and that will come, too. It will come principally out of younger people who are rejecting the frozen terminology of the New Deal and of Keynesian economics and are asking the pertinent questions relating to the greatness of the United States in 1917 and 1941 and its meekness today when the most it can beg for is neutralism. 'These younger people ask whether Soviet Russia is really so strong and the United States so weak.

President Kennedy seems to be missing the strength and potency of this ground-swell. His second and third echelon appointments give the impression of an alliance with the A.D.A. One cannot expect a Democrat to be as conservative as, say. Herbert Hoover, but it Is not to be expected that, in 1961, the concepts .of 1933 will be popular wdth the nation. This never happens. Each generation uses Its own idiom and speaks its own language and most often resents the immediate past against which it rebels. The present younger generation in this country is very critical of the failures of recent Administrations. The questions they ask will have to be answered before the 1964 election.

The voters were not cognizant of the political life of the Franklin D. Roosevelt regime. Teheran, Yalta and Potsdam, the monuments of Americas diplomatic failures, are only names in books and indistinct ones at that. They compare John Hays "Open Door Policy. of which they read, with Eisenhowers retreat before the Red Chinese in Korea and wonder what has happened to their country.

Politicians ire 'not always mindful of the next generation; they become set in their ways. It is particularly difficult or those who believed that the New Deal was" a revolutionary movement in American life to discover that their grandchildren regard them not only as old fogies but as reactionaries. The lively, excited grandorildren think that way: others adopt a - lackadaisical attitude, an atti-(Continued on page five)

By ROGER BABSON BABSON PARK, Mass.From 'A Strictly statistical point, tbt govemmeBts oost-of-livlng Inr dex today stands at 128 compared with 110 ten years ago and 60 twenty years ago. However, the great difference Is due ^ to the changes made by Washington in the things inclded.

NO WATER, GAS, OR ^ ELECTRIC BILLS When I was a boy our water came from xain H. ^ roof which we collected in a bnclc cistern in the cellar of the house. Every night my father would pump this water from the cistern to a tank on the top floor of our house.'This gave us running water on all floors. Our heat came from anthracite coal and my job each morning was to get up at six ocloek and build a coal fire in the kitchen stove. There were no Incandescent lamps or electrical gadgets In those days. We were happy with kerosene lamps and candles. To* day the water, gas. and electric bills amount to about $20.00 per month for the family.

Monday was then wash dhiy, and" mother used her own homemade soaps which she had allowed to dry In the attic. Wa heated the house with a coal furnace. My father put in tha ooal four times a day and I shobk down the fire and took out the ashes. Moreover, these ashes were carefully sifted by me and 20 per cent of them were used over again. There were no vacuum cleaners. My mother every Friday would sprinkle tea leaves on the carpets to "lay tha dust while sweeping the carpets with a broom. There was then only one laundry in Gloucester. a city of 15.000-20.000 people. Dr>'-cleaning we never heard of! But we all were well dressed and happy. My father owned the leading dry-goods store of the city. He personally unlocked the store door every day (except Sundays) at 7:00 a.m. nnd-personally locked tha door at 6:00 p.m.

FOOD AND CLOTHINO

Then there were no super markets, but many grocery, meat, and fish stores aU competing one with another. Prices of food are higher today but so many food items are frozen or precooked that it greatly simplifies housework. As a result the housewife today has time to do outside work, from which she gets more than enough money to pay the extra food bills. My mother had a kitchen maid to whom she paid $3-50 per week. This would cost $30 or more per week today, but owing to theso new frozen and precooked foods very few homes need any maids. Hence, although the food bills are higher, yet the saving in the homes is tremendous. My mother made my sisters clothes and my pants. These I pressed at night by carefully folding and sleeping upon them.

Looking back on those happy days, the only big price increase I see at present is in haircuts, which were then only twenty-five cents. We all shaved ourselves with long-blade razors. "Gillettes were never heard of. There was no bathroom; we shaved and washed in cold water, and sometimes had to crack the ice to get the water. But we were healthy and happy. We, moreover, were taught to take good care of our clothing because it had to be passed down to sisters and brothers.

RENTS AND AUTOMOBILES Rents are considerably higher today than they were 20 to 40 years ago; but the tenant gets a far better place,to live. F\ir-thermore, a family can now buy a house at a low rate of in-tere.st, paying only $500 or les down with 20 years in which to pay the mortgage. This situation did not exist 20-30 year ago. Furthermore, it is usually easy to rent a room which will bring in ten dollars per week. Renting a room was in my day impossible. Shoes cost double now; but we walk so little that they cost less per year. Almost everyone rides to school or to work, or even to play, in school-operated buses or in their own autmobiles. Speaking of autos, a new Ford car 40 years ago sold for $500, compared with over $2000 today: but you can today buy a good second-hand Ford with a good self-starter for $500 and it -t' a much better car than the new Ford of 41 (Continued on page five)

De-Watered Hams May Return

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLA.S.S

GREAT WORLD TEACHER

Many years ago Dr. Frank Laubach. a teaching missionary, became convinced that illiteracy is the greatest problem confronting humanity today. Over a period of years he worked out a system by which he could teach illiterate adults to read Incredible as it seems, he use.s this system in languages with which he Himself is almost entirely unfamiliar .'ave for a little nest of key words He has developed a series of symbols and pictures by which people who do not know one letter of their language from another learn to read in-a few weeks. He started this sy.stem among the Philippine natives The- old chleftan of the tribe among which Lau-bach first worked was so im

pressed by this educational method that he laid his hand on his sword and cried out to his people. "Now you learn to read or Ill kill you.

Laubach felt this was not a good slogan with which to conquer the world so he chose, "Each one teach one The promise to do this Is the cost of the course. Laubach has succeeded In teaching sixty million people to read.

Fr this man who has taught the equivalent of whole nations to read, the statcmcnl from the Book of Daniel jl2:!ri certainlv applies; "They that be we (or are teachers shall shlQe as the brightness of the firmament: and Uiey ^that Uu n many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever.

By ELMER ROESSNER There are dewatered hams on the horizon.

The Kennedy Administration is set to reverse one of the getaway acts of the Elsenhower Ad-ministration. Last year the packing InteresLs persuaded then Agriculture Secretary Ezra Taff^'^en.son thaf hams would be tastier if packers w^re allowed to pump more' water into them. Since then it has been legal to squirt water into hams up to 10 per cent of the weight, and housewives have been paying ham prices for used water Consumer croups have been screaming robbery .since then. So the present Agriculture Secretary. Orville L. Freeman, has rcoprnrd the question and ordered hearings in five metropolitan areas.

Prediction: Protests at the

hearing.s will be vigorous and the new Secretary will- siuspend the order. In .so doing, he will appear as a friend of the cwisum-er and will tend to discredit the Republican Admlnistralon. OTHER I.OOK-AIIEADS Business Fufares ront Nina Here are more predictions.

based on analyses of developing trends:

More hig.hway tax resl.stance:

President Kennedys proposal to keep the $41 billion highway program going with higher taxes on tinicks, fuel, tires and tubes has met tremendous resistance from itruckers Rut cvon stronger opposition Is being developed by James Hoifa. boss of the Teamsters Union-His close associates figure that if business can stand another boast in trucking rates, the increase should go to the men behind the wheel, not the government.

Intensified talent hunt: De

spite the large number of unemployed. corporation recruiters are beginning to work over campuses more Intensely than ever before. Outstanding grads fite being offered more blandish-mcnls than ever before. The reason: a.s automation and competition increase, big employers want brains, not bodies, nibre than ever.. ..

Tougher nylon: An inexpensive process to produce* nylon 7, hitherto a laboratory curiosity, has been developed. It has superior qualities for use In tires,

fish lines, apparel and other uses and eventually will lend to cheaper and better products in those fields.

MORE CHOPS

Plentiful Iamb: The baa-

count in sheep - raising states Indicates that lambings are 4 per cent ahead of la.st year, promising a slight Increase in lamb supplies, but not enough to shrink prices much.

Much more plentiful pork:. The pig census Indicates about 8 per cent more pork this year than last. However, even with that gain, pork production will be less than the' 1950-59 average. Farrowing later this year is expected to rise.

Rise In chemical sales: Acceleration of the mIssUe program and the coming pickup in industrial production will increase sales by the Chemical indutry during the remainder of the year. However, the increase wUl ^ moderate because of heavy inventories held by many users.

So far, Katanga province haa been keeping up suppliee of copper- But if civil war In the Congo spreads into the mining area, world copper and bras pieces are certain to rise. Africa has been producing 13 per cent of the copper used in the Free World.

COPPER PRICES WEIGHED IN AFRICA ^

Few people waU'h new(s from Afri(;a more closelj' than people in the copper and brass field.

HERES BRAND NEW WAT TO INCREASE AUTO SALES

"The ability to pay has long been the basis of .American taxes. the Old Promoter remarked today.

Lucky you! I replied.

"So why not apply It to auto taxes? he asked. "The trend toward compact cara la catting into auto and gas taxea. Now H we could scale taxe so that a rich man would pay triple taxes il- he bought a compact, and a poor man would pay only nominal taxes, then the rich would be tempted to buy more big cars and the poor would be encouraged to buy more small ones. This would Increase car sales, provide more jobe, and increase aggregate taxe. veryboay would be happy.

"Especially the government spenders, I said

(