K

PACE FOUROA^Y REFLECTOR, GREENVILLE, fi, C

Thursday, - March 23, 1961

Thursday, Murch 23, 1961

Cuban Veterans, Reunion

TOC Since The

Of Ay cock

In.InanS ^vays, Gov. Sanford has done more cam-paisT^ing for his office and his program than any *other governor of Nohh Carolina in recent history. ^

In office less than three months and with three campaigns behind him, Gov. Sanford now has launched his fourth campaign to gain acceptance of the program he has proposed for public schools of the state.

A year ago. Gov.,Sanford was engaged in a four-way campaign for the Dembcratic nomination for the office he now holds. After the first primary in May there w^ks the pitched battle between Gov. Sanford and 1. Beverly Lake in the second primary to see whose name wrould go on the ticket. Then came the general election which brought surprising activity on behalf of the Republican gubernatorial nominee ahd another vigorous campaign was .waged for the states top office by Sanford.

In each case his campaign was pegged to his proposed program for enriching public education in North Carolina. lit each case the issue became a primary focal* point of the campaign. And in each of the three times the voters went to the polls, Sanford came off .with the largest number of votes.

In the past few weeks Gov. .Sanford has spelled out in terms of new tax sources where the state may obtain, the funds w'hich all along he said would be necessary to implement the school improvement program he advocated. And at the Jtime he'^made his recommendations, he likewise called on the' legislature to submit to the voters of the state net fall the proposition of obtaining the necessary revenue from the sources he recommended. Such a vote, of course would be merely a straw vote, but it would indicate again w'hether the program he advocatedboth school improvement and revenue, sourcesis acceptably to the people of the state. T*

'This fourth campaign of Gov. Sanford within a year already has begun. His schedule for the next few weeks indicates his time wll be split between his duties in Raleigh and the campaign trail, seeking public support to encourage legislators to enact the* proposals he has made.

Not since the days of Charles B. Aycock has any governor of North Carolina taken the message of public education directly to the people with the vigor and persistence of Terry Sanford. And so far at least the acid test of the ballot box has shown public sentiment on Sanford's side.

An Omission In Eiier is Right,

Public Records changes Are In Order

Bt lyxn msbet

RECORDS G.^P-A very serious omission in the records of the General Assembly is the failure to preserve minutes of committee raeeungs. It is common knowledge that the most Important work of any legislative body is done in committee rooms. Pending bills are discussed more freely and fully there than on the floors of the House or Senate. Private citLzens car. appear before committees and express their views, but are precluded, by basic rules from epeaking before the formal sessions of the Congress or the General Assembly.

Committees of the Congress keep detail records of their meetings, including transcript of testimony by witnesses. It .s understood that a number of stafes have this policy. These uan-acrlpts are available to any member to help him determine how he will vote. In most instances they are printed and are available to any citizen uj>on request, so that the citi-aen may better understand why his representative voted as he did. These committee hearing records also are valuable in aiding the Supreme Court to decide, as frequently it is called upon to do, on the intent of the legislative body when the language may not be too clear.

ON RECORD Both the House and the Senate keep daily journal^ which accurately record the bills introduced, listed by title, and by whom. The Journals further show committee reports cm these bills, and if substitute bills are offered that fact is noted. The journals note amendmenLs offered and adopted on the floor, but they do not preserve any information about discussion in committee rooms amendments adopted or defeated thereexcept as they affect the final version of the bill.

In addition to the Journal there are two other permanent records of the General As.sem-bly. There is a book which shows what bills every member . introduced or signed, and what happened to each bill what committee it went to, when reported and whether favorable or otherwise, when ratified or 'killed.

Then the most controlling document of all is the Session Laws of 1961or whatever Legislature is involved. That record shows only the text of the final act adop^d and ratified a.s law. Nothing about the amendments offered or discussion . for and against them.

In other words, the three permanent records of activity of members of the North Carolina General Assembly show only three facts, sometimes of relative unimportance: Who introduced or signed what bill; which

committee handled It: and the final form in which it was enacted into lawif it becama law.

Not a word anyi^ere about

what was said for or against it, in committee or in open session of the House or Senate:, not a word about why it was thought to be needed or not: nothing but bare facts about introduction and passage.

TemporaryEvery committee of the House and Senate has a clerk About half of them have regularly assigned full * time clerks who faithfully record the minutes of the committee meetings. Even these clerks and secretaries do not take .shorthand notes on what members say when offering amendments and discus.sing the bill. Inadequate as this record of committee meetings is. the record is cvnly temporary. When the Legi.slature adjouras. all these committee files are regarded as past history*. Tliey either go into the tra.sh can. or the mmmiltee chairman or secretary keeps them for future persoftal use

The Institute of Government w'hich does a magnificent job of analyzing bills when introduced, and often gives full treatment to commiUee substitutes, seldom says anything more about amendments than that the bill was amended.

The only permanent f?> record of legislative committee activity is to be found in the files on newspapers! and even the paper.< and reporters' do not claim these t0\ be "official

ROLL CALLS-Another failure in accurate records ia found in the Journal record of roll caU votes. Many times on local bills and some! statewide measures of relative unimportance, there is u.sed what is called the short roll call. That Ls, the full roll of the membership is called orute or twice and thereafter the presiding officer announces that w'ithout objection the short roU call will be used. The reading clerk then intones three or four^ names, there is a shout of' ayes and every member who answered the first full roll call is recorded as voting.

One result of this practice that members sometimes hardly now what they are voting on and when later controversy arised they deny having voted to such and such bill. Then the Journal Is pulled on themand the courts have ruled that-you cannot go behind the Journal.

The new State House and Legislative Building provides for electronic mechanical voting so that there wlU be a recorded gap, but until conmttee proceedings are recorded and preserved there will be remain woeful lack of full record of leg-Lslative doings.

State Utilities Commissioner Thomas 'R. Eller, in calling for revision of state utilities laws, has pointed a finger at the state body of which he is a member with the assertion that policies of the Commission and utilities companies cost customers millions of dollars annually.

The assertions by Eller should not be ignored by the Commission itselC the states present administration or by the legislature. If, as Eller has declared, the utility regulatory system of North Carolina is archaic and near chaotic, major steps should be taken as quickly as possible to alter the situation.

According to Eller utility rates are based primarily on the supposition that the company receive a fair return on the fair value of Us property. In the place of this, which should be abandoned, he said, the Utilities Commi.ssion should use a cost of service study as a fairer basi.s for fixing rates.

Ellers assertion that utilities companies, by taking advantage of liberalized tax laws, could pa.ss on some $15 million savings in utilities costs annually, deserves consideration by state officials.

The State Utilities Commission is charged with the responsibility of seeing that rates charged by com--panies operating under its jurisdiction are fair both to the companies and to the consumers of services these companies supply. If the present regulatory system is unfair to either the consumers or the companies because it is archaic or near chaotic the system should he modernized. If the policies of the Commission and utilities companies, as Eller a.sserts, lead to wasteful practices, the policies should be revised.

Since these assertion.^ have been brought to piibfic attention by a member of the State Utilities Commis-.ion, the problems pointed to should receive careful consideration not only by the Commission, but by other state officials as well.

'ets

By PATRICIA MOORE

Adults Have To Scramble

Science fairs produce -more than surprises in the ingenuity and creativity of science students.

They have some adults scrambling to take care of them. We visited the Pitt County Elementary Science Fair, currently on exhibit in the Tucker Building. Mrs. Edna Earle Baker, a supervisor in the county school system, was guiding us and explaining the complexities. Her daughter Beth Ward was assisting, especially in explaining the complexities.

Meanwhile. Mrs, Baker was setting up lighting systenas and feeding biddies and other assort

ed* animals gathered for the fair. Thats what we meant about the surprises. (We might add that we didnt linger long at the anake collection, in spite of the fact that they were dead and bottled.)

The article, accompanied by a picture of the center, traces the development of the art center up to the varied activities and progranis which the center today offers.

A story about the Greenville Art Center appears on the front of the Clendar of Art Events for March. The circular is pub-ILshed by the North Carolina Museum of Art In Raleigh. The contributing author about the Greenville gallery is. appropriately. Mrs. Rachel M. Moore, director of the local center and active in state art circles.

Other Editors Saying ' Keeping Local Control

Seeks Attention On Public Weai

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T

By JAMES MARLOW

WASHINGTON (AP) - The labor - management conference President Kennedy put In motion Tuesday at least begins under happier conditions^than the same kind of conference President Harry Truman called in 1945.

That was an uhpredictable time of great prc.ssiu*es. Compared with that although Kennedy says this is a critical period his conference starts work in ft moment of comparative calm.

The Truman conference, after the end of World War II. met when labor feared one thing big unemployment and wanted . another big wage boasts. Besides labor Itself was split.

The wartime needs of the country had kept industry and employment at a peak. But with the Japanese surrender and industrys switch to peacetime production, labor could foresee millions out of Jobs.

Labor, whose wages were held down during the war, also wanted to jump ahead fast. Strikes were starting. The AFL and CIO were then antagonists, not part of one organization as they are now.

' The CIO wanted the conference to agree on a wage policy. The AFL, the coal miners and' the employers argued that wages should be settled by individual employers and unions.

It was a conference which got nowhere.

La.st year President Eisenhower tried to get a labor-manage-ment conference established

without any representatives of the public on This one met a few times and got lost in arguments,

Kennedy, with his 21-man conference, has gone further by including representatives of the public alongside top leaders of business and labor.

There are no big strikes threatening. There Is no impending crisis. The big labor organizations, now merged except for the miners, are not feuding.

So the pressures are not so Intense as those which sat on the shoulders of Trumans conference. But still there are pre.ssures of another kind which, if not explosive, are just as real. ,

The country .is in a recession and unemployment is the highest In more than 20 years.

Kennedy doesnt want any price-wiiRe push that would put the country deeper into inflation or that would hurt American trade in competition with other countries.

At a recent news conference Kennedy said that labor and management bad a tremendous common stake in keeping American goods competitive in foreign markets J ^

Otherwise, he said,"''we are going to find ourselves in serious economic trouble.

In short. Kennedy is relying on this conference to persuade employers and labor unions to for-k. get some of their differences in the national Interest and cooperate to help Ijck some the nations biggest problems.

(Rocky Moani Telegram)

While many educators are tempted by the offer of funds held out by the federal government for the nations public school systems, there is nevertheless an inherent weakness built into such an aid scheme. A leading educator has sounded the alert to the danger of a nationalized curriculum. Now there are some who will laugh at such warnings. But experience has shown that with federal aid comes strings. It will remain to be seen what form the strings take in the matter of federal aid to education.

Dr. Hollis Caswell, president of Teachers College, Columbia University, sees a current threat to the rights of local schools and parents to voice what is best for children in their com-muni]^es. The proposal for a single national agency for planning educational progranw has been made by some educators and laymen who mistakenly think they are boasting progress in the public school systems by such uniformity.

Their argument .has been that a common national purpose can best .-be served by centralized planning. But' what common national purpose? And can such a purpose whatever it is best serve the individual and peculiar needs of each separate community? Uniformity and conformity is fine for the armed forces personnel, not for teachers. students and parents, all of whom think differently and have varied philosophies.

To this trend toward uniformity and mass approaches. Dr. Caswell is strongly opposed. And with good reason. He sees in such a massive hierarchy the similarity in Russias state school structure. The current emphasis on foreign languages

and science, for example, might lead to imposing courses that do not always fit the needs of every locality. The urge for hard academics might crowd out music and art.

Our present decentralized educational system is one of the greatest safeguards against tjrranny. No person or clique or foundation or association can easily gain control of all American education under the present setup. But a national commission on the curriculum would give certain groups an implement for vigorous pressure on projects many individual communities would consider ill-advised.

This danger would be. especially gtgat if it were a special body 'appointed by the President on a self-perpetuating basisi Being responsible to nobody, it would be fair game for all who wished to control the schools The curriculum of American schools in the past has depended substantially on the initiative and experimentation of local systems for improvments. The results has been widely diverse practice. Common national goals can receive needed emphasis [without centralizing control.

V People who are now making decisions for their own children will in the long run make wiser choices than a group of experts in a national curriculum or laboratory. The American people have already, unwittingly or otherwise, given up far too many of their individual and state rights. Lets not carry it so far as to include our educational systems. That would be the final step toward the creation of a vast state government, the headquarters of which would be in Washington, and with ultimate control over the minda of our children. i

Speaking of the art center, we might recommend it as a place to spend a rainy afternoon (or morning >. There is more to see than the current exhibit, and more to do than look at an exhibit, if youre interested.

If you go before the last of this month, and its a rainy day. you can see the appropriate Relative Humidity 100 Per Cent by Charles McNeill of Morehead City, currently the featured artist.

* The water color painting pictures a rainy evening, the pavement is wet and glimmering in the light and cars are hurrying home (or someplace) from work. It isnt a gloomy picture: it is a picture you can easily identify yourself with-..

McNeills water colors, in-cidentially, are an interesting display, and some of them are for sale.

There are other things to do. You can explore the old Flanagan home, with its round staircase, which has been featured for years in the magazine of an iron works, and was hand

puddled when the past owners lived there. The staircase has been featured In recent years in various home magazines which are nationally known.

Sbme of the permanent

collection is interesting, including two pieces of animal sculpture by the famous Anna Hyatt Huntington, internationally known. She has some work in the Charleston, S. C. gardens and there is a little book telling more about her work with the animal pieeea. There is an assortment of jugtown pottery, and a wonderful collection of sketches of historical North

Carolina landmarks, including Duke University -chapel; Saint Marys Junior College in Raleigh: State Capitol building in Raleigh (not in that order and many more. The series of 51 sketches, by Louis Orr, who is also very well known, is halfed between the upstairs and the downstairs.

Anyway, weve been (more than once) and its a pleasant way to spend some time.

Quote...

"By maintaining tfielr financial independence, private and parochial schools have, a depee of freedom which cannot be found in the public school syjs-tem.Somerset (Pa.) American.

?rotedtion Agai nst, Squeeze-Out

By GEORGE E. OKOLSKY

Copyright 1961, King Fatures Syndicate, Inc. .**

Every w*eek, mail-comes from some Industry or some press agents dealing with the subjegt of imports. The concern is very profound. Certain American in^ dustries are convinced that they are being squeezed out of the American market by cheaper imported products. American workers are frightened.

Before World War I. when a free market existed, it was pos- . sible to fight unfair competition. Todays when governments determine the wages, hours of work, taxes, Indirectly the prices of raw materials and subsidize enterprises by various devices,-, the markets of the world are no longer free and the danger to labor in a high-wage country * is that jobs will be wiped out. This is one cause for increased unemployment.

The storage battery manufacturers, who are in direct competition with Japanese, find that some Japanese batteries are sold at a lower price In the United States than in Japan.

The Dry Battery Section of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association consists of sevea companies which employ 8,(X)0 Americans suid have an annual payroll of $35.000,000. This is not a very large number of workers, but they' are widely scattered over the United States and their loss of employment would seriously affect many communities.

'The transistorized radio set has grown increasingly popular in the United States. Young people carry transistor radios with them to sports, games and even to musical events. The transistorized radio has become acceptable very rapidly: Having come into the market Importantly in 1957, three year.s later,

In I960, th^transistor portable radios sold against tube radios at the ratio of seven to one. Japanese* manufacturere entered the American market immediately and can afford to underbid American manufacturers be cause of cheaper wages, lower taxes and government subsidies in Japan.

According to the American industry, American manuacturer make about 120 different types of radio batteries, this constituting a complete line. Their publicity says:

. . .However, three transistor types, NO. 1015, No. 216 and No, 226, make up over 50 per cent of total radio battery saleit The Japanese export to the U;S. only the most popular types.

The industry figures show for 1959, I960, 1961. as foUows: -

U. S. Production 5,800,0 12,000,000 EST 12.000,000

Japanese Imports 3,3^,000 7,355,000 EST 16,146,000

The basis for competition between American and Japanese radios is that the average American worker in this industry receives $2 an hour whereas a Japanese worker receives the equivalent of 30 cents an hour. Japanese Nb. 216 batteries cost in New York about 15 cents; American No. 216 batteries sell ' to distributors for about 70 cents. The argument that the American hatery is superior and will last longer is not particularly pertinent as this is a price rather than a quality market.

This is one instan<^ of an American Industry being pushed to the wall by foreign competition protected by political considerations. The United States is Japans best market. It is to tlie-military and political interests of the United States that Japan should be oriented our way. Japans alternative is to become economically a producer for the Red China market. For Japan this would mean ultimate al> sorption in the Soviet Universal State, as Japan cannot stand alone. For the United States, the loss of Japan as a principal ally could be disastrous in Asia. The Japanese have to import not only raw materials but food. Their country being only about 20 percent arable, they have no alternative but to manufacture for export and they must have a market where there is no political opposition to them, i

This then is the dilemma that faces both Japan and the United States. Japans principal market is the United States, but everything that Japan exports to the United States in any quantity (Continued on page five)

Strength For Today

By EARL L. DOUGLASS SMALL DEEDS DONE Peter Marshall once , wrote, Small deeds done are better than great deeds planned

It Is not that the human race does not need the planning of great deeds. It does, and It needs the doing of them. too. But it also needs the doing of small deeds, and it cannot afford to let planning alway.*; be an excuse for never doing.

One thing that is wrong with people who are planners but never doers 1s that after a while they come ^ Sfp themselves in the Ught or tneTr'greal while others .see them mci-ely In the light of theii lack of deeds. Walking through life in a cloud of self-esteem is always dangerous, and if this self-ei|teem

achievements not visible to others. It is even more dangeroiLS.

I know two men who are great authors one of a monumental scholarly work on modern literature. the other of a* massive novel. They are so profoundly concerned with these works, and with the importance that attaches to them.selves as authors, that they are quite neglectful of the daily practical obligations of life, and quite condescending to tlie rest of tus ordinary mortals. The trouble Is, though, that they have not yet written these

bmsed only m uiaginary-.-

Je pTatTs'8Tnd ~drs,nb^^ planners. As the apastoMc writer, Janies, put it two thousand vcars ago. Be ye doers , of the word, and not hearers** only, deceiving your own selves.

By ELMER ROESSNER

How the *sQueeze-out works and how partners and minority stockholders can protect themselves against it Is the iascinat-ing subject of a new leaflet by the Small Business Administration. In an indirect way, it also tells how to get rid of an unwanted associate owner.

wHile many squeeze-outs result from the avarice and grabs for. power by unscrupulous participants in a business, many are the natural result of disagreements. or efforts to dislodge inactive or tail-dragging participants, the SBA^ leaflet says.

Freeze-out techniques exaip-pies cited are:

VVithholdlHg dividends: Insiders refuse to pay out dividends until smsller shareholder.^s out. la isainhlnatltm^-^ib 'intnortty stockhofcters*^ fired from the Jobs.

Changing the corporate tUnc-ture: In many stales, if a minority shareholder will not sell

corporation, then merge the old company with it, giving nonvotr Ing stock to the originalristoek-v holders, j

Issuing additional stocx: In

many states, insiders can issue additional stock to themselves at less than real value, thus reducing the minoritys share of the company and increasing their own.

Siphoning off earnings: Various contractual arrangements can enable the majority to divert all profits to themselves, such as by leasing their^ property to*the corporation at High rental, or setting up new companies to contract for profitable parts of the bu.siness, such as sales, licensing, etc.

Miscellaneous trk*ka; Ojte offl- cer-stockhglder may refuse to slg. checks for the others sal-ar?.^,4tt3or(ty shareholders may -operate segments

of the business to provide high-paid jobs for themselves. Major

ness and iwert mcist profitable accounts to fit. Or it may siphon

ol .profits as salaries and fees

to Itself.

HOW TO'AVOID IT

The leaflet suggests many preventive measures, the most important of which is to have a good lawyer at the formation of the company.

This may lead to a written agreement among all stockholders at the start, in which It Is agreed that designated shareholders shall be directors and occupy key Jobs; that key employees and their salaries are not to be changed without unanimous consent; that dividends bq paid when ftie surplus reaches' certain let'els; that shareholders Santtot transfer shares without first offering them to other shareholders, anl that disputes are to be settled by arbl-

and that charters and by-laws give minority shareholders veto over company decisions.

The leafiet is based on a study of squeeze-outs made by Duke University and financed by the SBA. he study was by 'F. Hodge ONeal and Jordan Der-win. The leaflet is free from field offices of the Small Business Adminstration. or from the SBA, Washington 25. D C The full report will be published by Duke IJnlversity Press, Durham, N.C., later this year.

SHORT BUSINESS NOTES OF MINOR SIGNIFICANCE Because of unfavorable weath-r,. Europes wheat crop this year ks expected to be les.s than exected, . .Fourteen low-co.st govermnent publications o n woodworking are now available; for the list, ask.the GPO, Wash-bigton 25, jy.C. . . .The world's citfii' crop iensnileW' ord last year. . .A new line of

...L

Another use

......................to provide that if one share- , . . _____ _____

Ity stockholders. In certain cir- holder dies, the others shall do-it-yourself kits for youngsters

^ __________________________ cimistances, may cancel shares purchase his Interest; that ml- by Parker Bros., Salem, Mass.,

out at a low price the majority of minority holders. The major- nority stockholders be given intiludes several by Arnold Ar-

c%h ,set UP a new ity may set up a competing busl- long-term employment <x)ntracts, nold. (sic)

Cris?

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